BOARDING SCHOOL OUTING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SITI NAZIRAH BINTI ABD HALIM

BOARDING SCHOOL OUTING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SITI NAZIRAH BINTI ABD HALIM BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE (SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT) UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN 2018

DECLARATION I hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for quotations and citations, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin or other institutions. Name: Siti Nazirah Bt Abd Halim Date: i

CONFIRMATION This is to confirm that: The research conducted and writing of this report was under my supervision. Name: Pn. Nor Surayati Binti Mohamad Usop Date: ii

DEDICATION First of all, I am thankful to Almighty Allah the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful, who give me strength and patience to work and finish this proposal report. I would like to take the opportunity to express my heartiest gratitude to my supervisor, Madam Nor Surayati for the support, patience, guidance and invaluable advice. Besides, I would like to thank all panel and other lecturers of Faculty Informatics and Computing for the guidance to help me to complete this proposal report. Last but not least, a big thank my family and friends that always give me great support and encouragement during completion of this project. iii

ABSTRACT Nowadays, boarding school uses outing card for the students to go outing. Before they go outing they need to fill in the card and warden needs to stamp on it as an approval to go outing. However, some student outing without getting stamp from warden because they had no time as they must wait for warden s approval. This will cause the problem later because the student goes outing without permission. Besides, outing card possibly lost due to irresponsible action from student or warden themselves. To overcome these problem, a web-based system can help the warden to overcome these problems in which student can go outing without get stamp from warden as they only need to add on the system before and after they go outing and warden will approve their outing through the system. They can view the student s status whether they are back or not from the report. Besides, the student parent also can view their children outing activity. In realizing this solution, SMS notification JSON are used as the adapt value to develop this system. iv

ABSTRAK Pada masa kini, sekolah asrama menggunakan kad outing untuk pelajar keluar. Sebelum mereka keluar, mereka perlu mengisi kad dan warden perlu menandatanganinya sebagai kelulusan untuk keluar. Walau bagaimanapun, sesetengah pelawat pelajar keluar outing tanpa mendapatkan cop dan tanda tangan daripada warden kerana mereka perlu menunggu untuk mendapatkan kelulusan warden. Ini akan menyebabkan masalah berlaku apabila pelajar keluar tanpa izin. Selain itu, kad outing mungkin hilang disebabkan oleh tindakan yang tidak bertanggungjawab daripada pelajar atau warden sendiri. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, sistem berasaskan web boleh membantu warden untuk mengatasi masalah ini di mana pelajar boleh keluar tanpa mendapatkan cop dari warden kerana mereka hanya perlu menambah di dalam sistem sebelum dan selepas mereka keluar dan warden akan meluluskan pergerakan mereka melalui sistem. Warden juga boleh melihat status keluar sama ada pelajar kembali atau tidak dari laporan outing. Selain itu, ibu bapa pelajar juga dapat melihat aktiviti anak-anak mereka. Dalam merealisasikan penyelesaian ini, JSON pemberitahuan SMS digunakan sebagai nilai menyesuaikan diri untuk membangunkan sistem ini. v

TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION CONFIRMATION DEDICATION ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENT i ii iii iv v vi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Project Background 1-2 1.2 Problem Statement 2 1.3 Objective 2 1.4 Scope 3-4 1.5 Expected Outcome 5 1.6 Limitation of Work 5 1.7 Report Structure 5-6 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Literature Review 7 2.2.1 E-Outing System 7-8 2.2.2 SMS notification 8-10 2.3 Summary 10 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 11 3.1 Introduction 11 3.2 Justification Selection 11 3.3 Project methodology 12-14 3.4 Context Diagram 14 3.5 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) 15 3.5.1 Data Flow Diagram Level 0 15-18 3.5.2 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 18-22 3.6 Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) 23 3.7 Database Design 24-26 3.8 System Requirement 26 3.8.1 Software Requirement 26-27 3.8.2 Hardware Requirement 27 3.9 Conclusion 28 CHAPTER 4 MODELLING AND DESIGN 29 4.1 Introduction 29 4.2 Test Result (Interface) 29 4.2.1 User Module 30-31 4.3 Conclusion 31 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 32 5.1 Introduction 32 5.2 Project Contribution 32 vi

5.3 Project Constraint and Limitation 32-33 5.4 Future Work 33 5.5 Conclusion 33 Reference 34 vii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND Outing is a one part of the activity that each boarding school record to know the information of student who going outing. It managed by student and warden themselves at each boarding school. In a manual outing management system, student need stamp on their outing book before go outing. This will require some time to student to get a stamp and warden that need to stamp on it as a permission for student to go outing. So, to overcome the problem of outing management, we need to build a database for the management of outing Boarding School Outing Management System(BSOMS) is a system for the boarding school student that can ease the outing management. BSOMS act as record keeper for warden to analyse the student. Next, BSOMS also helps warden to monitor outing activity more efficient compared to manual system using the system. When student using an outing online system they only need to add on their outing activity whether weekly outing, co-curriculum activity or emergency. Besides, they need choose the date and time when they want to go out. When a student adds their outing activity, warden and their parent will get a notify about there are student that going to outing. Then, the warden will approve immediately as they know from the notification to confirm the request outing from the student. Moreover, warden can view the report to analyse the student that did not going back to hostel as the time required. 1

The system is developed using PHP for web development and MySQL as the database platform. SMS notification is used in the system to notify warden and parent about outing activity of student. 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT The problem about this project is student need a stamp drop as approval from warden to go outing and outing card possibly lost due to irresponsible action of the student their self. Next, when the outing card lost student need to buy the new one from the cooperative of the school. So, they need to spend some money to buy new outing card. Then, the process of manual management is time consuming especially when it involves large number of student. 1.2 OBJECTIVE Besides overcoming all the problems on the current techniques, there are the objectives that wish to accomplish by the system: To design an outing system for high school hostel. To develop a system that can manage outing activity of boarding school student of SMK Tembila. To test the functionality of Boarding School Outing Management system (BSOMS). 2

1.3 SCOPE This scope explains about the user that involved in the system and also the function that existed in the system. This system will develop to warden as admin and student. The scope is divided into two parts as user and system scope. 1.4.1 SCOPE FOR USER i. Admin (warden) The person who will control this system and update the system based on situation. People who responsible to register student, parent and new admin. People that update the student outing record every week. ii. Student (hostel student) User need to log in to the system first. Next, add the outing activity before and after they go outing. User also able to view approval from warden in this system. 3

1.4.2 SCOPE FOR SYSTEM Login -There is login and registration to enter this system based on type of user. Manage Profile -User can update their own profile by themselves. Add outing activity -Student can add their outing activity before and after go outing. Manage staff -Admin can add new warden for this system. Manage outing information -Admin will update the information of outing in this module every week. View report -Admin able to view the report outing activity of each student. 4

1.5 EXPECTED OUTCOME This system is capable to manage outing activity of SMK Tembila. Student can add their own outing activity before going and after going outing. Then, the system can use the SMS notification to notify warden and parent when student add new outing activity. Lastly, this system able to function as outing card as in outing manual system. 1.6 LIMITATION OF WORK Boarding School Outing Management System(BSOMS) is provided for SMK Tembila s student. The outing activity is based on outing activity of SMK Tembila, which means this system suitable for this hostel school only and other hostel school that have same outing activity as SMK Tembila. The system only can be accessed by warden, parent and student that stay in the hostel. 1.7 REPORT STRUCTURE This report contained 6 chapters. In chapter one, it contains introduction of the system, system background, problem statement, objective, scope, limitation of work and thesis structure. While in chapter two, there are literature review of some research paper related to the proposed system. It contains introduction of the literature review, E-Outing system and SMS notification which is will be used for this proposes system and conclusion. 5

In the chapter three, there are description of methodology that will be used for this proposed system. It explains the process of the system in every stage. There are Context Diagram(CD), Data Flow Diagram(DFD) level 0 and level 1, framework that show the flow of process in the system and ERD that show relationship between entities of the system which will describe how the system worked. Next, in chapter four, it consists interface and user manual of the system. Each interface is labelled and explained specifically and properly. In chapter five, there are test cases of the system. The result from system testing are included in this chapter. Finally, in chapter six there are project contribution, project constraints and future of the system. The conclusion from the system has been discussed, concluded and summarised. 6

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of current knowledge on particular topic. Most often associated with science-oriented literature, such as a thesis, the literature review usually precedes a research proposal, methodology and results section. Its ultimate goal is to bring the reader up to date with current literature on a topic and forms the basis for another goal, such as future research that may be needed in the area. 2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW Boarding School Outing Management System is based on two literature review which is E-Outing System and SMS notification service. 2.2.1 E-Outing System E-Outing System already been used for boarding school. From the observation, I take Sekolah Menengah Sains Dungun (SMSD) that already use this system for example[1]. In this system there are form for outing, approval status checking, approval of outing from warden, and merit record. All the menus state above can be viewed at: 7

Based on the observation, we can conclude that enhancement can be made by add notify the admin or warden when student fill the form as warden can know about it. Then they can give their approval without have to check up the system every minute to know if there any student has add their outing activity in the system. Besides, student should also can view if they have merit or not before applying the next outing activity. 2.2.2 SMS NOTIFICATION SMS (Short Message Service) is a text messaging service component of most telephone, World Wide Web, and mobile device systems. It uses standardized communication protocols to enable mobile devices to exchange short text messages. SMS notification is still reliable since it is widely used and universally accessible since even the simplest phone supports it. In the research of Experimental Simulation- Based Performance Evaluation of an SMS-Based Emergency Geolocation Notification System, tell us about example of SMS notification systems for use during 8

emergencies. The SMS notification was design to contain a sensor, base, and server unit. In the proposed system, the user is the sender of the precoder emergency SMS, but in this reviewed work, the system is the sender of the SMS as an alert signal to caregivers based on decisions made from data received from a sensor. The SMS is an alert for use by the elderly and athletes. Next, other system that use SMS is banking system [2]. As an example, banking sending a client SMS notification when they withdraw some large amount of money from their account. Then, client will know whether a fraud is due to the withdrawal or not to their account bank. We can see that SMS notification still important even we have WhatsApp and telegram to communicate to each other. Here the example of SMS notification of fraud due to online shopping scams. Figure 2: The SMS notification due to large amount of withdrawn. SMS can serve as a great backup for email notifications. While email is great and available 24 hours-a-day, there are some drawbacks that SMS notifications can help circumvent. Emails are sometimes delayed due to slow Internet connections or other 9

reasons. SMS notifications are several times more reliable and have a higher open and delivery rate than email. Many people use SMS notifications as their primary communication and prefer them for quick reminders. Finally, SMS notification is suitable to be used for outing system since every parent and warden have their own phone. Besides, SMS notification is easy to use since it does not need any network connection to parent to open the notification. 2.3 SUMMARY After going through two things, we can see outing system can be notify using SMS notification service as its convenient to use everywhere. Besides that, the usage of SMS services can give more advantage because it can provide automatic service between user and system. From the literature review, the proposal system is developed by developing outing system with SMS services. When the student adds their outing activity, warden will get SMS as notify from a system and warden can approve the system immediately. The notify will tell the warden there are student has added outing activity in the system. Lastly, the parent also can know when their child goes outing. 10

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter explains the methodology design that being applied in the software development. Boarding School Outing Management System will undergo some phases from the beginning until project submission. In this chapter, the modelling and design is also being explained to give the overall view on how this system including database works. The modelling and design is shown by the Entity Relationship Diagram(ERD), context diagram and Data Flow Diagram which are provided in this chapter. Besides, this chapter also explain the model of methodology that able help developer manage project efficiently and able to achieve objective and scope of this project. 3.2 JUSTIFICATION SELECTION For this proposed system, we use Software Development Life Cycle which is Waterfall Model[3]. Waterfall model has been widely used for system development life cycle to create a system with a linear and sequential approach. There are many advantages of using Waterfall Model because it is very simple to understand and use. 11

Figure 3.1: Waterfall Model 3.3 PROJECT METHODOLOGY In Boarding School Outing Management System(BSOMS), Waterfall Model has been chosen as a methodology. There are six phase that involved in the waterfall model that include requirement gathering and analysis, System design, Implementation, Testing, Deployment of system and maintenance. 1) Requirement Analysis The phase start with brainstorming the ideas of current problem and system request. Besides, meet up with user to know the detail requirement for this system. In this phase also, the requirement gathering is been discuss with supervisor to conclude the requirement suitable for the system. 2) System Design 12

The requirement specifications from first phase are studied in this phase and the system design is prepared. This system design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and helps in defining the overall system architecture. 3) Implementation The inputs from the system design are converted, to small program called unit in first developed then it will have integrated in the next phase. Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality, which is referred to as Unit Testing. 4) Testing All the unit in implementation phase are integrated into system after testing of each unit. Any change of coding, error, functionality or upgrades are also will be tested. User Interface will be checked to ensure they are connected to database and appropriate with the system. 5) Deployment of System Once the functional and non-functional testing is done; the product is deployed in the customer environment or released into the market. 6) Maintenance 13

After the system deploy in the customer environment, there will be some issue arise. To fix those issue patches are released to enhance the functionality of the system to better version. 3.4 CONTEXT DIAGRAM Figure 3.2: Context Diagram of the system. Figure 3.2 show the data flow in Boarding School Outing Management System. There are three main users which is student, warden and parent. This diagram shows the data flow involving those three main users. Users are required to register, and login to access the system. 14

3.5 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM(DFD) 3.5.1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM LEVEL 0 Data flow diagram is a two-dimensional diagram that explains how data processed and transferred into the system. Figure 3.3 show the Data Flow Diagram level 0 for the Boarding School Outing Management System. Since the Figure 3.3 has been explained the flow of the actors which Student, Warden and Parent is, in this chapter, the more details about the flow will be explained with DFD LEVEL 0 and following by DFD LEVEL 1. The functionality for each process also will be described and able ensure that developer understand their system. 15

Figure 3.3: Data Flow Diagram(DFD) Level 0 of this system. 16

According to the DFD in Figure 3.3 above, there are three main entity; WARDEN, STUDENT and PARENT. The process of the system is REGISTER, LOGIN, MANAGE PROFILE, MANAGE OUTING, and MANAGE REPORT. Next, the data stores for the Boarding School Outing Management System are WARDEN, STUDENT, PARENT, OUTING and REPORT. Process 1.0: Register In Register process, WARDEN input WARDEN DETAIL, STUDENT DETAIL, and PARENT DETAIL into REGISTER process which output is WARDEN RECORD into WARDEN data store, STUDENT RECORD into STUDENT data store and PARENT RECORD into PARENT data store. Process 2.0: Login In Login process, WARDEN, STUDENT and PARENT input LOGIN DETAIL into LOGIN process and the output is LOGIN DETAIL into three data store which is WARDEN, STUDENT and PARENT. Process 3.0: Manage Profile In Manage profile process, WARDEN input WARDEN DETAIL into MANAGE PROFILE, then output WARDEN RECORD into WARDEN data store and invoke WARDEN RECORD input into MANAGE PROFILE process which output WARDEN RECORD into WARDEN. STUDENT also input STUDENT DETAIL into MANAGE PROFILE and output STUDENT RECORD into STUDENT data 17

store the from data store STUDENT, invoke STUDENT RECORD into MANAGE PROFILE process which output STUDENT RECORD into STUDENT. Process 4.0: Manage Outing In Manage Outing process, STUDENT input REQUEST OUTING into MANAGE OUTING process. Then, MANAGE OUTING process will output OUTING RECORD into data store OUTING, invoke OUTING RECORD into MANAGE OUTING and MANAGE OUTING process output OUTING RECORD to WARDEN and WARDEN will output OUTING CONFIRMATION and the OUTING RECORD is input into OUTING data store again. Then, PARENT input REQUEST OUTING REPORT into MANAGE OUTING process and MANAGE OUTING process will output OUTING RECORD into data store OUTING, invoke OUTING RECORD into MANAGE OUTING and MANAGE OUTING process output OUTING REPORT to parent. Process 5.0: Manage Report In Manage Report process, WARDEN data store input WARDEN RECORD, STUDENT data store input STUDENT RECORD, PARENT data store input PARENT RECORD and OUTING data store will input OUTING RECORD into MANAGE REPORT process and output REPORT RECORD to WARDEN entity. 3.5.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM LEVEL 1 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 shows the processes in DFD Level 0. There are DFD Level 1 of Register, Manage Profile and Manage Outing. 18

3.5.2.1 Register Figure 3.4: DFD Level 1 of Registration process In the process of Register as shown in Figure 3.4, warden is required to enter warden details such as warden ID, password, birth date, gender, address, phone no, and email. Then after submitting the registration form, the data will be stored in the database and the system will show detail to warden. 19

3.5.2.2 Manage Profile Figure 3.5: DFD Level 1 of Manage Profile process In the process of Manage Profile as shown in Figure 3.5, warden is required to enter warden details such as warden ID, warden Name, password, birth date, gender, address, phone no, and email. Then after submitting the edit profile form, the data will be stored in the database and the system will show detail to warden. Then, from data store Warden, the Warden detail will be input into view updated detail and the process of view updated detail will be output the warden record to warden. 20

Figure 3.6: DFD Level 1 of Manage Profile process In the process of Manage Profile as shown in Figure 3.5, Student is required to enter warden details such as Student ID, Student Name, password, birth date, gender, address, phone no, and email. Then after submitting the edit profile form, the data will be stored in the database and the system will show detail to warden. Then, from data store Student the Student detail will be input into view updated detail and the process of view updated detail will be output the student record to student. 21

3.5.2.2 Manage Outing Figure 3.7: DFD Level 1 of Manage Outing process In the process Manage Outing, the SMS-Gateway is used as a technique to send SMS notification from web server to handphone. SMS-Gateway will use Outing Request from student data store. Student is required to insert Outing detail to request outing. Then from process Request Outing, it will output Outing Record Request into View Outing Confirmation. Warden will be managed outing to give outing approval. Lastly, Parent can view the outing report. 22

3.6 Entity Relationship Diagram(ERD) Figure 3.8: Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) of the system ERD in Figure 3.5 shows the entities relationship from one table to another table. There are four table in the ERD above which is STUDENT, PARENT, WARDEN and OUTING. 23

3.7 Database Design Figure 3.9: Database of the system Figure 3.9 shows the tables contained in the database of the system. The database is named as outing. There is table outing, parent, student and warden. Figure 3.10: Table warden in the database Figure 3.10 shows the table warden in the database. The table contains WardenID, Warden Name, Pwd, BirthDate, gender, address, phone_no, email. The primary key in this table is WardenID. All the data entered by admin will be stored in this table. 24

Figure 3.11: Table student in the database Figure 3.11 shows the table student in the database. The table contains StudentID, Student Name, Pwd, BirthDate, gender, address and phone_no. All the data entered by admin and can be edit by student their self. Figure 3.12: Table parent in the database Figure 3.12 shows the table parent in the database. The table contains IC_Num, Pwd, Parent_Name, StudentID, Gender, Address, phone_no and email. All the data entered by admin and can be edit by parent their self. 25

Figure 3.13: Table outing in the database Figure 3.13 shows the table outing in the database. The table contains OutingID, StudentID, StudentName, WardenID, Outing_type, DateOfOuting, Time_out and Time_in. All the data entered by admin and student will be stored in this table. 3.8 System Requirement In order to develop the system, software and hardware are required. Below are the list of software requirements and hardware requirement which are been used to develop the system efficiently. 3.8.1 Software Requirement 1. Microsoft Word 2016 - Tools for writing report and proposal 2.Microsoft PowerPoints 2016 - Tools for preparing the slideshow presentation 3.XamppServer - Tools for connecting with MySQL database 26

- Tools that support PHP programming 4.Lucid - Tools for designing and draw diagram such as CD and DFD. 5.Snipping Tool -Tools for print screen and cropping image 6.UC Browser -Tools platform to display the system. 7.Dropbox -Tools for cloud storage of backup data. 3.8.2 Hardware Requirement 1. Laptop - The laptop used was Lenovo Idea pad 310 with DDR4 memory, 64-bit 2. Printer Operating System. - Canon E400 series printer was used to print document (proposal and final report) 27

3.9 Conclusion Every phase is crucial to ensure the development of the proposed system will be implemented correctly. Waterfall model approach is suitable development model to follow with the system development for this proposed system Next, the design methods and system design like context diagram, data flow diagram and entity relationship diagram in this chapter explained the data flow of the system on how the system are working. 28

CHAPTER 4 4.1 INTRODUCTION System implementation is the construction of the system and the delivery of it into production. Interfaces and user manual of the system are included in this chapter. 4.2 Test Result(Interface) 4.2.1 User Module 4.2.1.1 Login Page Figure 4.1 Login Page Figure 4.1 shows the login interface of the system. Warden required to enter UserID and password. Warden also need to make sure the UserID and password are register because the system only accept register UserID and password so it can verify it. 29

Figure 4.2 User Profile Page Figure 4.2 shows the User Profile interface of the system. The system displays Staff ID, Staff Name, Street, Postcode, City, Phone Number, and Identity Number. Warden required to enter their information to update their profile. Figure 4.3 Manage Outing Interface Figure 4.3 show the Manage Outing Interface for warden to make approval from student request outing. Warden can view the information of outing activity and approve the outing request through approve button. 30

4.4 Report of Outing Interface Figure 4.4 show the detail of report for outing that contain Student ID, Student Name, Type Of Outing, Date Of Outing, Time Out and Time In. Warden can view the outing information in the report. 4.3 Conclusion The interface and user manual described the functions and the flow of the system. User will be able to use the system properly if they follow the user manual. 31

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 5.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter focused on project contribution, constraints of the project and its conclusion, future works that can be gained from this project. From this project, we can find out how to improve the system. 5.2 PROJECT CONTRIBUTION Boarding School Outing Management System was successfully developed before its timeline. This system very useful to another people. Warden in boarding school can manage their outing activity with efficient. Not only the warden, but the student also feel ease to go outing by use the system. This system help student to record their outing activity using the system. This system also eases the warden and parent to check outing activity of student by view the report of outing student. 5.2 PROJECT CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITATION Every system must be having its own obstacle or difficulties in developing the system. It can occur on developing phase or design phase. This constraint can affect the schedule for developing system. 32

For this system, the difficulties that has been faced is pass through SMS gateway which means to send SMS from web server to phone. Although already found the suitable way, there will be possibility network error while sending the message notification to warden and parent. 5.3 FUTURE WORKS In the future, there are still a lot work can be made into this system. Firstly, for the risk network, the paginations should be done to make friendly viewed by user. Next, more information should be added in the system. Lastly, the system should be having its security to improve its user privileges. 5.4 CONCLUSION As conclusion, this system has been implemented by using SMS Gateway technique. With SMS Gateway technique, the risk and probability can be identified. The user can use this system because this system already achieved its objectives. However, the student still need refer to warden if any change in system happen. This system is built to help student and warden in manage outing activity in efficient way. 33

Reference 1) Johan, N., Bakar, N. and Daud, N. (2018). DEVELOPMENT OF E- OUTING SYSTEM (EOS) USING ADAPTED PROTOTYPE MODEL. [online] Myjms.mohe.gov.my. Available at: http://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/jea/article/view/2220 [Accessed 19 May 2018]. 2) OpenMarket. (2018). How Banks Use SMS to Increase Convenience OpenMarket. [online] Available at: https://www.openmarket.com/blog/how-banks-are-using-sms/ [Accessed 19 May 2018]. 3) Sharma, L. (2018). WaterFall Model in Software Developement Life Cycle SDLC. [online] Toolsqa.com. Available at: http://toolsqa.com/softwaretesting/waterfall-model/ [Accessed 19 May 2018]. 34