Proc. of Int. Conf. on Recent Trends in Signal Processing, Image Processing and VLSI, ICrtSIV Software Simulation for bandwidth Estimate of Ad-hoc Networks Savita Choudhary 1, and Dr. Arun J.B 2 1 Faculty CSE, Sir MVIT, Bangalore, India Email: choudhary7.mvit@gmail.com 2 Lecturer, TTC, Rajasthan, India Abstract It is essential to estimate available bandwidth to accurately evaluate the amount of resources remaining on a given channel. Such an estimate is a good asset for typically constrained applications. In this paper simulation software is designed to estimate the available bandwidth of ad-hoc network. Index Terms Ad-hoc Network, Bandwidth. I. INTRODUCTION An ad-hoc network is a local area network that is built spontaneously as devices connect. Instead of relying on a base station to coordinate the flow of messages to each node in the network, the individual network nodes forward packets to and from each other. Ad-hoc networks possess special properties such as: Autonomous, Self-organized, Wireless, and Mobile As shown in figure 1, a link is established form node A to node C via other nodes. Many of the current contributions in the ad hoc networking community assume that the underlying wireless technology is the IEEE 802.11 [1] standard due to the broad availability of interface cards and simulation models. This standard provides an ad hoc mode, allowing mobiles to communicate directly. As the communication range is limited by regulations, a distributed routing protocol is required to allow long distance communications. However, this standard has not been targeted especially for multi hop ad hoc operation [2], and it is therefore not perfectly suited to this type of networks. Section II provides the literature survey on the bandwidth estimation technique. Section III introduces the proposed system. The system design and results are presented in Section IV and V respectively. Some conclusions are presented in Section VII. II. LITERATURE SURVEY Available bandwidth evaluation has generated several contributions in the wired and wireless networking communities. Several classifications of these solutions may be imagined. A. Active bandwidth estimation techniques Active Bandwidth estimate [3] technique relies on the emission of dedicated end-to end probe packets to DOI: 03.AETS.2014.5.134 Association of Computer Electronics and Electrical Engineers, 2014
Figure 1: Ad-hoc Network estimate the available bandwidth along a path. Most of these techniques that fall into this category measure the end-to-end available bandwidth by sending packets of equal size from a source to a receiver. It has following limitations: Sensitive Increase in network traffic during evaluation and modifying estimations. An end-to-end evaluation technique may not be as reactive as a local technique in a mobile context. No preservation of existing flow service while computing the available bandwidth. B. Passive bandwidth estimation techniques Passive bandwidth estimation techniques [4] techniques use only local information on the utilization of the bandwidth. A typical example of such approaches is a node monitoring the channel usage by sensing the radio medium. Following are few passive techniques proposed for Ad hoc networks. Dynamic bandwidth management scheme [5] for single-hop ad hoc networks where, one node in the network hosts the Bandwidth Manager process, which is responsible for evaluating the available bandwidth in the cell and for allocating the bandwidth to each peer. Each node may ask the Bandwidth Manager for an exclusive access to the channel during a proportion of time using dedicated control messages. QOS-AODV [6] also performs per-node Available Bandwidth Estimation (ABE). The evaluation mechanism constantly updates a value called Bandwidth Efficiency Ratio (BWER), which is the ratio between the numbers of transmitted and received packets. Bandwidth Reservation under Interferences influences (BRuIT) [7]. This protocol s ABE mechanism takes into account the fact that, with the IEEE 802.11 standards, the carrier sense radius is larger than the transmission range. Contention Aware Admission Control Protocol (CACP) [8]. In this framework, each node first computes its local proportion of idle channel time by monitoring the radio medium. Possible three different techniques to propagate this information to the greatest number of nodes within the carrier sense area. he AAC protocol [9] proposed makes each node consider the set of potential contenders as a single node. It measures the activity period durations and considers that any such period can be seen as a frame emission of the corresponding length. With this mechanism, collisions and distant emissions are also considered when computing the medium occupancy. III. PROPOSED SYSTEM In order to improve available bandwidth estimation accuracy, we have followed QOS routing protocol [10], where the simple estimation of the available bandwidth by each node and does not consider any interfering nodes. From an operational point of view, to evaluate the performance of the sole ABE part of an existing QOS protocol, we have integrated the ABE into AODV so that it is similar to BRuIT [7], QOS-AODV [6] or AAC protocols [9] for comparison. It is thus based on broadcasted route request messages, admission control at each intermediate node, and explicit reservation by a unicast route reply message issued by the destination. As shown in figure 2, the use case diagram we having two actor (source, destination), actor1 (source) selecting node to receive RREP for sending the data to actor 2(Destination). 234
Figure 2: User Case Diagram of Proposed System Figure 3: Activity Diagram We can thus study the impact of our estimation technique on the bandwidth management in the network by comparing the performance of the different protocols. The protocol is called ABE-AODV [11]. Significant advantages with it are: Lower getting-started cost because no need to install base stations We reduce the collision and network congestion problem IV. SYSTEM DESIGN Complete design is represented using activity diagram [12]. The various modules of software design are shown below. A. Block Diagram Activity diagram show the flow of work, it will take data as input at starting stage, for selecting the node, to see the status of the node it will decide whether it is an off node or on node then it will go to its destinations. B. System Modules Packet Creation: In this module we split the Data in to N number of fixed size packet with Maximum length of 48 Characters. Apply the RREQ [13] and get RREP [14]: The aim of the RREQ is to find a route between the sender and the receiver that meets the constraints specified by the application level in terms of Bandwidth. Therefore, two flows with the same source and destination can follow different routes depending on the network state. When a source node has data to send, it broadcasts a route request (RREQ) to its neighbors. The RREQ packet contains the address of the sender, and the requirements at the application level, the destination address, and a sequence number. The Intermediate Node or Destination Node sends RREP if it is free, otherwise, it silently discards the message. Admission Control Mechanism: The Admission Control Mechanism has the all status of the node so if the nodes want to send RREP or discard the message, the particular node check the status by using the Admission Control Mechanism. Bandwidth Utilized: After the source nodes send the total message to the Destination Node finally we calculate the end to end delivery of the Bandwidth and Time delay. In module given input and expected output: The source node selects the destination node first and then by using the browse button we select some text file and this text file is send to the destination side. 235
Figure 4: Simulation Software Boot screen Figure 5: Node selection on the GUI C. Graphical User Interface The simulation software provides an easy to use interface to the operator via GUI. Figure 4 shows the boot screen of the simulation software, figure 5 shows the destination node selection capability and figure 6 shows the bandwidth estimated by the software. V. RESULTS The total packets received from source node 11 to destination node 33 are 31. The delay observed is 105.007 and the total length of packets is 1.45 KB. The figure 7 shows the sent ratio estimate and figure 8 provides the bandwidth estimate for the experimental setup. The bandwidth estimate form node 11 to node 33 is 0.013kbps. Figure 6: Bandwidth Estimate Figure 7: Sent Ratio Estimate Figure 8: Bandwidth Estimate VI. CONCLUSION In this paper, we have presented a simulation software based technique to compute the available bandwidth between two neighbor nodes and by extension along a path. The bandwidth estimate is 0.013kbps in the experimental setup. The future work is concentrated on bandwidth estimate using different types of protocols. REFERENCES [1] http://standards.ieee.org/about/get/802/802.11.html 236
[2] David A. Maltz, Josh Broch, David B. Johnson, Lessons from a Full-Scale Multihop Wireless Ad Hoc Network Testbed, IEEE Personal Communications, February 2001. [3] Alessio Botta, Alan Davy, Brian Meskill, and Giuseppe Aceto, Active Techniques for Available Bandwidth Estimation: Comparison and Application. [4] Ashok Singh Sairam, Gautam Barua, Survey of Bandwidth Estimation Techniques. [5] Ahmad T. Al-Hammouri, Michael S. Branicky, Vincenzo Liberatore,and Stephen M. Phillips Decentralized and Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation in Networked Control Systems. [6] Maamar Sedratis, Azeddine Bilami and Mohamed Benmohamed M-AODV: AODV variant to Improve Quality of Service in MANET, International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 8,Issue 1, January 2011ISSN (Online): 1694-0814. [7] Claude Chaudet, Isabelle Guérin Lassous, BRuIT: Bandwidth Reservation under Interferences influence, Proc. of the European Wireless 2002. [8] Yang, Y.; Kravets, R., "Contention-aware admission control for ad hoc networks," Mobile Computing, IEEE Transactions on, vol.4, no.4, pp.363,377, July-Aug. 2005 doi: 10.1109/TMC.2005.52. [9] Ben Satterfield, Martha Rust, Raising the Standard for AAC Evaluation 2012 Institute Designed for Educating All Students (IDEAS) Conference. [10] Wen-Hwa Liao, Shu-Ling Wang And Jang-Ping Sheu, A Multi-Path Qos Routing Protocol In A Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Network, Kluwer Academic Publishers 2002. [11] Redouane Belbachir, Zoulikha M. Mekkakia, Ali Kies, Towards a New Approach in Available Bandwidth Measures on Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. [12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/activity_diagram. [13] Navjot Kaur, Comparison and Analysis of RREQ and RREP for Dynamic Wireless Network, Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering, ISSN: 0976-5166, Vol. 2 No. 3 Jun-Jul 2011. [14] Johnson-Maltz, Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). 237