HOW TO BUILD LINUX LEARNING LAB FOR FREE Proudly Presented by: LearnLinux.ca Learn Linux - kickstart your IT career
Table of Contents 1. What is Linux? 2. VMware Workstation Player Download 3. VMware Workstation Player Install 4. Download Ubuntu 5. Install Ubuntu Linux (by Creating a new Virtual Machine) 6. Update Ubuntu Linux to the latest 7. Run Commands inside Ubuntu Linux 8. Setup Secure Remote Access Server on Ubuntu Linux 9. Download Secure Shell Client 10. Run Commands inside Secure Shell Session 11. What s next?
What is Linux? The Linux operating system (OS) powers 98% of the world s supercomputers, most Internet servers, millions of Android devices, cloud platforms, and more. With Linux as the foundation for so much technology and innovation, job opportunities for people with Linux skills are growing. Linux is now critical to hot IT fields like big data, cloud computing, and cybersecurity. If you want to increase your job opportunities, knowing Linux can help. At its core, Linux is software used to control hardware like desktop and laptop computers, supercomputers, mobile devices, networking equipment, airplanes, and automobiles; the list is endless. Linux is everywhere. Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds
Step 1: Click on VMware Workstation Player Download button from https://my.vmware.com/web/vmware/downloads
Step 2: On the next page, click on Download Step 3: Click on Save File:
Step 4: Double Click on downloaded file Vmware-player-14.1.2-8497320.exe to install. Your file name may be different with its digits but should be always start with Vmware-player- and ending with.exe. Step 5: Click on Next Step 6: Accept the term of license and click on Next
Step 7: Check on Enhance keyboard Driver and click Next Step 8: Click Next
Step 9: Click Next Step 10: Click Install
Step 11: You will see progress Step 12: Click on Finish
Step 13: Click on Yes to have this process completed. Step 14: Double click on Desktop Icon Step 15: Click Continue
Step 16: Click on Finish
Step 17: Finally you will see: Congratulation! By completing these steps, you have successfully installed VMWare Workstation Player.
Step 18: Download Linux (Ubuntu in this case) from https://www.ubuntu.com/desktop Step 19: Click Download Ubuntu
Step 20: Click Download
Step 21: Click OK Step 22: Verify that you know where Ubuntu file ubuntu-18.04-desktop-amd64.iso is saved on your computer. Your file name may be different with its digits but should be always start with ubuntu- and ending with.iso.
Overview: By following these steps, you will be building your Linux Lab inside the VmWare Workstation Player Step 23: Launch VmWare Workstation Player and click on Create a New Virtual Machine
Step 24: Select Installer disc image file (iso) and click on Browse.
Step 25: Select ubuntu file and click on Open Step 26: Click Next
Step 27: Fill in as: Full name: User name: Password: Confirm: SysAdmin sysadmin sysadmin sysadmin Step 28: Click Next
Step 29: Click Next Step 30: Click on Customize Hardware.
Step 31: Change the memory size to 2048 MB, 4096 MB or higher and click on Close
Step 32: Click on Finish
Step 33: You will see progress.
Step 34: Click on Download and Install
Step 35: You will be asked to install and click on Yes. Step 36: You will see Ubuntu being installed
Step 37: Finally after a reboot (all by itself) you will see this Windows Congratulation! By completing these steps, you have successfully installed Ubuntu inside Vmware Workstation Player as a Virtual Machine (short form VM).
Step 38: Click on SysAdmin icon and type sysadmin as password and click on Sign In
Step 39: Click on Next a couple times to see these screens
Step 40: You may want to update your Ubuntu and click on Install Now
Step 41: Type password: sysadmin and click on Authenticate and see its progress
Step 42: Once Update is done, on the following click on Restart Now
Step 43: Upon reboot, Sign In again and right click on the desktop and click on Open Terminal
Step 44: You will see a black dialog box where you can start typing the commands.
Step 45: Let s try a couple of commands. My favorite is knock knock, who is there. Second one is to know for how long the system has been up.
Overview: Here we will setup Secure Remote Access Server on Ubuntu Linux Step 46: Let s find the IP address of your Ubuntu installed. Click on Dots and then click on Settings icon
Step 47: Scroll down and select Network and then click on small gear icon
Step 48: Next opened pop-up box will show IPv4 Address that s what we needed to connect to our Ubuntu Linux. Your IP Address could have different value.
Step 49: Installing sshd server for Secure Remote Shell Access on Ubuntu sysadmin@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: ncurses-term openssh-sftp-server ssh-import-id Suggested packages: molly-guard monkeysphere rssh ssh-askpass The following NEW packages will be installed: ncurses-term openssh-server openssh-sftp-server ssh-import-id 0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded. Need to get 637 kb of archives. After this operation, 5,316 kb of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 ncurses-term all 6.11ubuntu1.18.04 [248 kb] Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 openssh-sftp-server amd64 1:7.6p1-4 [45.5 kb] Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 openssh-server amd64 1:7.6p1-4 [332 kb] Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates/main amd64 ssh-import-id all 5.7-0ubuntu1.1 [10.9 kb] Fetched 637 kb in 1s (1,196 kb/s) Preconfiguring packages... Selecting previously unselected package ncurses-term. (Reading database... 161527 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack.../ncurses-term_6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04_all.deb... Unpacking ncurses-term (6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04)... Selecting previously unselected package openssh-sftp-server. Preparing to unpack.../openssh-sftp-server_1%3a7.6p1-4_amd64.deb... Unpacking openssh-sftp-server (1:7.6p1-4)... Selecting previously unselected package openssh-server. Preparing to unpack.../openssh-server_1%3a7.6p1-4_amd64.deb... Unpacking openssh-server (1:7.6p1-4)... Selecting previously unselected package ssh-import-id. Preparing to unpack.../ssh-import-id_5.7-0ubuntu1.1_all.deb... Unpacking ssh-import-id (5.7-0ubuntu1.1)... Setting up ncurses-term (6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04)... Processing triggers for ufw (0.35-5)... Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-20)... Setting up openssh-sftp-server (1:7.6p1-4)... Processing triggers for systemd (237-3ubuntu10)... Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2)... Setting up ssh-import-id (5.7-0ubuntu1.1)... Setting up openssh-server (1:7.6p1-4)... Creating config file /etc/ssh/sshd_config with new version Creating SSH2 RSA key; this may take some time... 2048 SHA256:PNMfCweODMhwMFUKLyyN2RIB4xbAkHQXRn6coqrwte4 root@ubuntu (RSA) Creating SSH2 ECDSA key; this may take some time...
256 SHA256:NOhHxH83qQbsbLddIEVL9+xhyIX9oWHl8USgZEyywJE root@ubuntu (ECDSA) Creating SSH2 ED25519 key; this may take some time... 256 SHA256:wkaWSZ+9GUgGA+iUw6rkcPKgpg4mtEZdHY4feTcHTJg root@ubuntu (ED25519) Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sshd.service /lib/systemd/system/ssh.service. Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ssh.service /lib/systemd/system/ssh.service. Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-20)... Processing triggers for systemd (237-3ubuntu10)... Processing triggers for ufw (0.35-5)... sysadmin@ubuntu:~$
Step 50: Download SSH client like putty.exe from http://www.putty.org
Step 51: Download 64-bits putty.exe file
Step 52: Click Save Step 53: Launch putty.exe file by double clicking on it. Type in IP Address and name is as Ubuntu and click on Save and click on Open
Step 54: When click Open, next you will see this dialogbox, simply click Yes
Step 55: Type login as: sysadmin and for the password, type sysadmin as well but you will not see anything being typed and hit Enter key once done. Congratulation! You have connected to your Ubuntu Linux system now remotely. Here you can run any commands. Show who is logged on sysadmin@ubuntu:~$ who sysadmin :0 2018-06-17 13:32 (:0) sysadmin pts/0 2018-06-17 14:23 (192.168.152.1) Tell how long the system has been running. sysadmin@ubuntu:~$ uptime 14:27:39 up 55 min, 2 users, load average: 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 Print name of current/working directory sysadmin@ubuntu:~$ pwd /home/sysadmin
List directory contents sysadmin@ubuntu:~$ ls Desktop Documents Downloads examples.desktop Music Pictures Public Templates Videos Print effective userid sysadmin@ubuntu:~$ whoami sysadmin Make directories sysadmin@ubuntu:~$ mkdir make-a-directory List directory contents sysadmin@ubuntu:~$ ls Desktop Documents Downloads examples.desktop make-a-directory Music Pictures Public Templates Videos Change to directory sysadmin@ubuntu:~$ cd make-a-directory/ List directory contents sysadmin@ubuntu:~/make-a-directory$ ls Change file timestamps if exists and if not, make an empty file sysadmin@ubuntu:~/make-a-directory$ touch make-a-file List directory contents sysadmin@ubuntu:~/make-a-directory$ ls make-a-file Copy files and directories sysadmin@ubuntu:~/make-a-directory$ cp make-a-file make-a-file-copy List directory contents sysadmin@ubuntu:~/make-a-directory$ ls make-a-file make-a-file-copy Move (rename) files sysadmin@ubuntu:~/make-a-directory$ mv make-a-file make-a-file-move List directory contents sysadmin@ubuntu:~/make-a-directory$ ls make-a-file-copy make-a-file-move Change to directory sysadmin@ubuntu:~/make-a-directory$ cd sysadmin@ubuntu:~$
List directory contents sysadmin@ubuntu:~$ ls Desktop Downloads make-a-directory Pictures Templates Documents examples.desktop Music Public Videos sysadmin@ubuntu:~$ Remove files or directories sysadmin@ubuntu:~$ rm -rf make-a-directory/ List directory contents sysadmin@ubuntu:~$ ls Desktop Downloads Music Public Videos Documents examples.desktop Pictures Templates sysadmin@ubuntu:~$ Show commands history sysadmin@ubuntu:~$ history 1 who 2 uptime 3 pwd 4 ls 5 whoami 6 mkdir make-a-directory 7 ls 8 cd make-a-directory/ 9 ls 10 touch make-a-file 11 ls 12 cp make-a-file make-a-file-copy 13 ls 14 mv make-a-file make-a-file-move 15 ls 16 cd 17 ls 18 rm -rf make-a-directory/ 19 ls 17 history sysadmin@ubuntu:~$
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