Unlocking the full potential of location-based services: Linked Data driven Web APIs Open Standards for Linked Organisations about Raf Buyle Ziggy Vanlishout www.vlaanderen.be/informatievlaanderen
6.4 M citizens 308 municipalities At the crossroads 2068 private partners Informatie Vlaanderen Federal & 3 regions 978 public partners EU
Open Standards for Linked Organisations E-government driven by Semantical and Technical interoperability @rafke
Building upon existing interoperability initiatives W3C International Standards EU ISA CORE Vocabularies and INSPIRE Public Working Groups with: > EU - ISA² > Federal Government Local OSLO Extensions OSLO PERSON VOCABULARY OSLO ORGANISATION VOCABULARY OSLO DCAT-AP VL VOCABULARY OSLO BUSINESS VOCABULARY OSLO ROAD VOCABULARY > Regional Government > Local Government > Industry > Academia and more 4
https://data.vlaanderen.be/ns/ > Person > Organisation > Address > Building > Road > Public Service > Transactional Services > Civic issue tracking > Notification > Consent (GDPR) > Contact preferences > Government Grants > Public Domain > Local Decisions > Political Mandate 5
Governance model 1 16 130 1000+ Collaborative development Governance Domain models Contributors > Governance Body empowered by Parliament > A process and method for developing data standards (ISA²/W3C ) Definitions > Triple Helix approach: Government, Private Sector, Academia Public review of a candidate standard Build reference implementations Acknowledge + publish as standard 6
Technical Interoperability The Semantic Web as an interoperability facilitator @rafke
Bridging the gap between models and implementation Two distinct use cases Base registries Unique identification of objects Exposed via data standards Business oriented web services Querying, editing and transforming data From different sources To meet business use cases 8
How can we lower costs for data and service integration? 1. Embed semantics into data formats 2. Validation of data resources based on semantic models 3. Building a generic hypermedia client 9
The Web as a Blueprint 10
The Web as a Blueprint http://bit.ly/joinup_uri Persistent identifiers: URIs Links to other information Dereferenceable HTTP URIs Standardised information (RDF) http://data.vlaanderen.be/id/adres/3706808 Koningin Maria Hendrikaplein 70, 9000 Gent 11
The Web as a Blueprint Persistent identifiers: URIs Links to other information http://data.vlaanderen.be/id/adres/3706808 Dereferenceable HTTP URIs Standardised information (RDF) Human Readable Machine friendly 12
The Web as a Blueprint Persistent identifiers: URIs Links to other information https://www.w3.org/ns/locn#adminunitl2 Dereferenceable HTTP URIs Standardised information (RDF) https://data.vlaanderen.be/ns/adres 13
The Web as a Blueprint Persistent identifiers: URIs Links to other information data.vlaanderen.be/id/organisatie/ovo002949 Agentschap Informatie Vlaanderen Dereferenceable HTTP URIs Standardised information (RDF) http://data.vlaanderen.be/id/adres/3706808 Koningin Maria Hendrikaplein 70 9000 Gent 14
There is more to publishing linked data than data dumps and SPARQL endpoints high client effort high server effort Source: http://linkeddatafragments.org 15
Syntactical interoperability and embedding semantics into services. JSON Linked Data (JSON-LD) A developer friendly Linked Data format, based on the successful JSON format Machine interpretable semantics through context file 100% compatible with JSON and easy to retrofit No formal, standardised method for data validation Semantics about data are machine readable, service methods and operations are not 16
Upgrading existing web services Retrofitting semantics using JSON-LD { } "@context": { "Picnictable": "http://data.vlaanderen.be/ns/openbaardomein/infrastructuurelement#picknicktafel", "identificator": "http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#identifier", "geometrie": { "@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#geometry", "@type": "http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#wktliteral>" }, "Point": "http://www.opengis.net/ont/sf#point", "coordinates": "http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#aswkt" }, "@id": "https://example.org/graphs/picknicktable-1234", "@type" : "Picnictable", "geometrie" : {"type":"point","coordinates":"point(3.712,51.0248)"}, 17
Shared context for new services Automatically derived from RDF vocabularies { } "@context": "http://data.vlaanderen.be/context/infrastructuur.jsonld" "@id": "https://example.org/graphs/picknicktable-1234", "@type" : "Picnictable", "geometrie" : {"type":"point","coordinates":"point(3.712,51.0248)"}, 18
Data validation using SHACL Shapes Constraint Language W3C Recommendation since 20 July 2017 A standard for validating RDF data against a set of constraints (cardinalities, domain, range, code lists, ) SHACL files available for all Vocabularies & Application Profiles 19
Towards generic Hypermedia-driven API clients > As-is: data is semantically annotated using web standards, but the operations and methods for using the data through APIs are not > Problem: still high integration costs due to the need for bespoke connectors between API s to exchange information in real time. > To-be: standardisation of frequently used methods (pagination, querying, CRUD, ) using Hypermedia and API standards/best practices. 20
Generic hypermedia clients 21
Wrap-up: end-to-end process 22
And reusable tooling Model Transform OSLO² UML modelling using Smart Tags containing labels, definitions and pointers to reused vocabularies (URIs). UML is transformed to RDF (Turtle) using an EA-to-RDF tool (OSS) Specs Generation of HTML spec (vocabulary and application profile), JSON-LD context and SHACL using the OSLO Specification Generator Publish Validation using Ontology Pitfall Scanner, Turtle syntax validator and JSON-LD validator. Published on Github and data.vlaanderen.be 23
Come to Trefdag Digitaal Vlaanderen 29/11/2018 ICC Ghent www.vlaanderen.be/informatievlaanderen