Math Fundamentals Reference Sheet Page 1 Acute Angle An angle whose measure is between 0 and 90 Acute Triangle A that has all acute Adjacent Alternate Interior Angle Two coplanar with a common vertex and a common side between them The two formed on the inside and opposite one another when a line crosses two other lines The space between two lines or planes that intersect Alternate Exterior Altitude Arc The two formed on the outside and opposite one another when a line crosses two other lines A segment bisecting a s angle and connecting perpendicularly to its opposite side An arc consists of two points and the continuous part of a circle between them Area The area of any surface is the number of square units required to cover the surface Base The bottom segment of a, trapezoid or other polygon Bisector Geometry dividing an angle, segment, etc. into two equal parts Center A point that is in the middle of some larger region Central In or near the center Chord A segment that connects two points on the circle Circle The set of points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point called the center Circumference The distance around a circle
Math Fundamentals Reference Sheet Page 2 Collinear points Points that lie on Complimentary whose sum the same line is 90 Concentric circles Circles that share a common center Cone A shape with a circular base and sides tapering to a point Congruent Corresponding/eq ual in measure Congruent that have the same measure Congruent segments Consecutive Segments that have the same length which are in sequence or next to each other about a shape Congruent s Consecutive Sides Two s are congruent if corresponding sides and corresponding are congruent Sides which are in sequence or next to each other about a shape Converse of a theorem Where the portion of the theorem given, and the portion being proved are switched Coordinates A set of values that show an exact position on a graph Corresponding The two that occupy the same relative position when a line intersects two other lines\ Coplanar Lying in the same plane Cosine Ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse of a right-angled Cube A 6-sided prism where all sides are squares
Math Fundamentals Reference Sheet Page 3 Cylinder Has two parallel congruent circular bases that are connected perpendicularly by a plane on their circumference Degree A unit of measurement for an angle Diameter The length of a straight line through the center of a circle Distance The measurement of the space between two objects Equidistant Distances that are equal in length Equilateral A with three congruent and three congruent sides Equivalent Being essentially equal to something Exterior angle The supplement of an interior angle of a polygon Geometry Inscribed Line A branch of mathematics that deals with points, lines, planes and solids and examines their properties Angle whose vertex is on the circle circumference and whose sides are chords of the circle A set of points which has infinite length but no width or height Hypotenuse Isosceles Linear Pair The longest side or side opposite the right angle in a right A with two equal sides Two consecutive that add to 180 Line of symmetry A line that divides a figure into two congruent halves Major arc An arc whose measure is greater than a semi-circle or 180
Math Fundamentals Reference Sheet Page 4 Median of a Midpoint A segment from the vertex of a to the midpoint of the opposite side A point that divides the segment into two congruent segments Minor arc An arc whose measure is less than a semi-circle or 180 Noncollinear points Points that do not lie on the same line Noncoplanar points Points that do not lie on the same plane Obtuse angle An angle whose measure is greater than 90 but less than 180 Obtuse A that contains an obtuse interior angle Parallel Two lines that are always equidistant and never intersecting Parallelogram A quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel and equal Perimeter A line enclosing a planar area Perpendicular lines Two lines that intersect to form right Plane A set of points that has infinite length and width but no height Point Has no size; length, width, or height. It is represented by a dot Polygon An enclosed planar figure bounded by 3 or more straight sides Polyhedron A solid figure bounded by plane polygons or faces Postulate A statement that describes a fundamental relationship between basic terms of geometry
Math Fundamentals Reference Sheet Page 5 Prism A polyhedron with two congruent and parallel faces Proof A logical argument in which each statement you make is supported by a statement that is accepted as true Proportion An equation that states two ratios are equal Pyramid A polyhedron having a polygonal base and triangular sides Pythagorean Theorem Radius In a right, the sum of the squares of the legs is equal to the square of the hypotenuse A straight line from the center to the perimeter of a circle Quadrilateral Ratio A four-sided polygon A comparison of two numbers by division Ray The part of a line that contains an endpoint and all points extending in the other direction Rectangle A parallelogram with four right Regular polygon A polygon with all sides and all equal Rhombus A parallelogram with four equal sides Right angle An angle whose measure is 90 Right A with one right angle Scalene A with no two sides of equal length Secant A straight line that intersects a curve at two or more points
Math Fundamentals Reference Sheet Page 6 Segment Part of a line that consists of two points called endpoints and all points between them Semi-circle An arc whose endpoints are the endpoints of a diameter Similarity Slope Square The quality of being alike The ratio of the distance traveled in the y direction to the distance traveled in the x direction A polygon with four equal sides and four right Sine Sphere Straight angle The ratio of the length of the side opposite the given angle to the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angled A round threedimensional closed surface An angle whose measure is 180 Supplementary Two whose sum is 180 Surface area The sum of the area of all faces Tangent Theorem A line that intersected the curve of a circle at only one point A statement or conjecture that can be proven true by given, definitions, postulates, or already proven theorems Tangent (2 nd def) Translation The ratio of the length of the side opposite the given angle to the length of the adjacent side of the given angle in a right The movement of a shape a certain distance without rotating or altering that shape
Math Fundamentals Reference Sheet Page 7 Transversal A line that crosses over one or more other lines Trapezoid A quadrilateral with two parallel sides Triangle A three-sided polygon Triangular prism A prism whose parallel faces are congruent s Vertical angle Either of two equal and opposite formed by the intersection of two straight lines Volume The number of cubic units contained in a solid