Chapter 2 IOT HARDWARE SUBSTRUCTURE A IOT of hardware components are used in IOT ecosystem circuit developmen boards form the basic structrue.arduino, Rasspberyy Pi,Beagle Bone, Cubie Borad, Texas Insuments MSP series, ARM Cortex series Intel Edison and ESP 8266 series boards are used in IOT ecosystem.in this part, we will introduce you the circuit development boards which are mostly used. Chapter 2.1 WHAT IS ARDUINO? Arduino is a circuit developments boards which has a micro controller that can be programmed on it. It can be carried out many diffirent kinds of projects by tiding up different kinds of compenents on Arduino. You can develop your applicatiıns easily with some programming and electronic knowledge. Arduino has a micro controller input output pins, communiation s on it. These s can be used for reading value from sensors, controlling electronic devices and systems etc. These atmel micro hardware based boardsa are a physical programming platform which are made up from the open source code environment which includes a derivative of Processing / Wiring language. To develop Arduino applications, the Arduino IDE is being used that can be downloaded from: http://www.arduino.com/en/main/software.
WHAT CAN BE DONE WITH ARDUINO? Arduino with the huge supive group behind it, has a very wide open source code libraries and application examples therefore, more applications can be developed easily, without writing long code lines, by using the libraries of many kinds of electronic devices and modules(shields) there are many ready modules (shields) how electronic devices are put on Arduino easily for connecting. By the help of digital and analog pins on these modules(shields), modules can take and process the signals of electronic components on them; by using the signals from sensors, processes can be done with the instructions(orders) which are given in the programmes that will be written and the communication with other devices can be provided by using the communication protocols such as wi-fi, bluetooth, zigbee. Gsm Shield TFT LCD Shield TYPES OF ARDUINO BOARD
As being a product of open source Hardware, Arduino has more than one types of boards for different needs. For this reason, new types of boards are being produced day by day. Arduıno producers and developers continue to produce new circuit development boards. For this reason, most used Arduino boards will be studied carefully with their some characteristic and will be introduced. Circuit development boards are called Arduino in America the curcuit development boards that are sold in other countries are called Genuino. They both have the similar shape. Only their names are different. Arduino Uno It is a kind of Arduino board which is used mostly and is used in all projects in this book. It has some components on it such as. Atmega 328 micro controller,power regulator,usb connection. There are 14 digital input/output (6 of them can be used as PWM output) pins and 6 analog input pins. It has 32 Kb memory in average. It seems less but it has enough capacity for your projects. Arduino Leonardo One of the Arduino boards which is used widespreadly is Arduino Leonardo board. It has components such as Atmega32u4 micro controller,power regulator mini USB connection on it. There are 20 digital input/output (7 of them are PWM output, 12 of them are analog input) pins on Arduino Leonardo. Atmega32u4 micro controller which is used on this board has it s own usb connector talent in it. For his reason, the devices such as USB mouse, keyboard, joystic etc. Can be used directly without using extra component, through the connection of usb. Arduino Due
Arduino Due which has Atmel SAM3X8E ARM Cortex M3 processor has 54 digital input/output(12 of them can be used as PWM output) and 12 analog input pins. It is very imant for this board, this board works with 3.3 volt. If 5 volt power is given, the board can burn. Arduino Nano Although it has small size, many applications can be developed with it s digital and analog pins on it. It has some components such as Atmega328 or Atmega168 micro controller, power regulator, USB connection etc. on it. There are 14 digital input/output (6 of them can be used as PWM output) pins and 8 analog input pins. It has 16 KB (Atmega168) or 32KB (Atmega 328) memory. Arduino Micro It is the smallest board model. It has some components such as Atmega32u4 micro conctroller, USB connection, etc. on it. There are 20 digital input/output (7 of them can be used as PWM Output) pins and 12 analog input pins. It has 32 KB memory. Arduino Yun Arduino Yun has got Atmega32u4 micro controller and Atheros AR9331 processor. There are internal ethernet connector and Wi- Fi module in it. Also, there are USB connection, microsd card socket, 20 digital input / output (7 of them can be used as PWM, 12 of them can be used as analog input) pins on the board. It is a kind of board that Linux combined with the Arduino.
Arduino 101 It becomes a matter of primary imance with its low power consumptions, which is developed especially for industrial applications, and 32 bit Intel Curie processor. There are Bluetooth LE and 6 axis acceleration jiroscope on the board. Arduino Zero Main differences of this card which is similar to Arduino UNO as of physical structure are two amount USB, 32 Bit ARM Cortex MO+ATSAMD21G18 processor and JTAG sup. You can use 32 Bit programming force with Arduino cards. As a software, debugging sup is the most imant feature maybe we can say. Thanks to this feature; it can be realised by debugging an applications. Chapter 2. 2 WHAT IS RASPBERRY PI? Raspberry pi is a mini computer which running the ARM processor-based. It is a mini computer; because it is a definitive computer an which connects with a keyboard, a mouse and a screen unit. The main purpose of Raspberry Pi Foundation, when it was started to produce Rasberry Pi in 2009, was introducing poor students to computers who had no chance to buy a PC due to their low incomes. But, Thanks to it has gpio pins which enables to communicate with electronic systems, that find out a new usage field.
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B There are four different models which is named as Model A, Model A+, Model B and Model B+; also there are three different types which are named as Raspberry Pi 1, Raspberry Pi 2 and Raspberry Pi 3 of Raspberrypi. In addition to this, it presents Raspberry Pi Zero which is named as a mini Raspberry Pi Model. This model is adviced for so much applications with appropriate price (5$). It can be used for different projects which enable to improve 40 GPIO pins on Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi Zero The main features of these models in the table below.
RPi Model RPi 1 Model A RPi 1 Model B RPi 1 Model A+ RPi 1 Model B+ RPi 2 Model B RPi 3 Model B Rpi Zero GPU and RAM 700 Mhz 256 MB 700 Mhz 256 veya 512 MB 700 Mhz 256 MB 700 Mhz 512 MB 900 Mhz 1024 MB 1,2 Ghz (64 Bit) 1024 MB 1 Ghz 512 MB No Network 10M/100M Ethernet RJ45 No 10M/100M Ethernet RJ45 10M/100M Ethernet RJ45 10M/100M Ethernet RJ45 No USB 1 USB 2 USB 1 USB 4 USB 4 USB 4 USB 1 Micro USB Memory Card SD Card SD Card Video Sound Voltage Stereo Composite RCA 300mA 8 Stereo Composite RCA 700mA 8 shared TRSS shared TRSS shared TRSS Shared TRSS Shared TRSS Shared TRSS Shared TRSS Composite RCA Mini Over Mini Composite RCA HDMI 600mA 17 600mA 17 700mA 40 700mA 40 140 ma GPIO Pins 40 -Raspberry Pi 2 Model B has a developing sup with Windows 10 operating system; this is difference between other versions of Raspberry Pi. On the other hand, Raspberry Pi 3 Model B has wifi and bluetooth as a difference from other Raspberry Pi versions. In addition to this, A8 processor on it is a 64 bit processor. Raspberry Pi Operating System s Install There is a few kind of Linux distribution on Raspberry Pi operating systems. These are operating systems as which are named Raspbian wheezy, Jessie, Ubuntu Mate, Snappy, Ubuntu Core, Windows 10 IOT Core, Osmc, Openelect, PiNet and Riscos. They can be downloaded from http://www.rasperrypi.org / downloads internet sites. In addition to this, there is also a distribution which is named as Noobs. This distribution includes all features of aboves. Each operating system can be selected from boot screen and can be setup. Raspbian Jessie, is a kind enhanced from of Debian 8 Linux Operating system. LXDE desktop includes a variety of enhanced details, Office applications and multimedya functions. Raspbian Wheezy, is a kind enhanced form of Debian Linux Operating system like Jessie. But Although Jessie is named for the new version, the older versions are named as Wheezy. The default user name is: pi, password: Raspberry. OpenElec (Open Embedded Linux Entertainment Center), includes XBMC media center and it is used that Raspberry Pi board as a purpose is to conduct film, music or just kind of multimedya items. Osmc (Open Source Media Center), is a variet distribution Linux which inludes applications that is to play multimedia files which is stored local or internet based on. PiNet, is a variet of distribution which is used for education activities that is necessary for the classroom environment.
Ubuntu Mate; is a form of Linux distribution which includes necessary applications for using Raspberry Pi board like a desktop computer. Snappy Ubuntu Core; is a privatized distribution Ubuntu for operating the developing circuit boards, imaginary machines, gadget based on internet or cloud platform. Arch Linux ARM; is an operating system based on ARCH Linux. It isn t adviced for the beginner level users. Hard-float uses ABI. It is opened from instruction screen in ten minutes. The default user name is: root; password: root. Risc Os; is a operating system which has been developing for ARM micro processor since 1987. Especially, it is a variety of Linux for ARM processors. Windows 10 IOT Core; is a Windows distrubition which will be developed by coding in Visual Studio over raspberry Pi with programming applications. We prefer Raspbian Jessie operating system for setting up Raspberry Pi for our appliance. To install operation system in SD card in Windows environment http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/ from this address, we use win32diskimager which is named that you can download. We open a folder for Raspbian Jessie operating system file which is downloaded. Our file will be an img extension file. The image file is chosen and gone an with SD card driver name. By clicking on the Write button we are starting the writing process. We are starting the writing process by clicking the Yes button in the warning window.
The user will be informed by a warning window when the image file is downloaded.