Big Picture ~10 years between generations 7
Who is Who? Mobile Operators ITU Members ITU GSM, W-CDMA, UMTS IS-95), IS-41, IS- 2000, IS-835 Third Generation Patnership Project (3GPP) CWTS (China) Third Generation Partnership Project II (3GPP2) ARIB (Japan) TTC (Japan) TTA (Korea) ETSI (Europe) ATIS (USA) TIA (USA) 8
ITU Sectors ITU-R ITU Radio-communication Sector Manage the international radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbit resources Develop standards for radio-communications systems with the objective of ensuring the effective use of the spectrum. ITU-T Telecommunication Standardization Sector The ISO equivalent for the telecom sector Coordinates standards for telecommunications Ensure the efficient and timely production of standards covering all fields of telecommunications ITU-D Telecommunication Development Sector Responsible for creating policies, regulation and providing training programs and financial strategies in developing countries. 9
3GPP vs 3GPP2 3GPP The original Partnership Project Pioneered by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) early in 1998 Concerned with descendants of GSM The technology standardized by 3GPP is often referred to as WCDMA (wideband code division multiple access) 3GPP2 Was born out of the ITU International Mobile Telecommunications "IMT-2000" initiative Concerned with advanced versions of the original CDMA cellular system. The technology standardized by 3GPP2 is often referred to as CDMA2000. 10
Standardization is a Response to Market Change Mobile Voice (CS) Cellular Radio Mobile Data (PS) WLAN/ Mobile Broadband Fixed DSL PSTN Shift of Voice Traffic 11
Global Mobile Data Growth Monthly mobile data used by the average smartphone worldwide: 2.1GB 12
Cellular Evolution (By Documentation) Release '99 (UMTS) The basis for early 3G deployment Release 4 First steps towards IP-based operation Also defines the low chip rate TDD mode (TD-SCDMA) Release 5 (HSDPA) IMS - IP-based Multimedia Services HSDPA - High Speed Downlink Packet Access Release 6 (HSUPA) 2nd phase of IMS High Speed Uplink Release 7 (HSPA+) Enhanced uplink Other spectrum Multiple input multiple output antennas (MIMO) Release 8 (LTE) Long Term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE) Release 9 Enhancement of Release 8 features Refinement of LTE Preliminary studies into LTE Advanced Release 10/11/12/13/14 (LTE-Advanced) LTE Advanced Release 15 (5G) 13
Cellular Evolution (By short names) G stands for GPRS (General Packet Radio Service),considered to be the second generation (2G) mobile technology. It is very slow compared to other technologies and oldest among all mobile technologies. Maximum download speed = 53.6 kb/s Maximum upload speed = 28 kb/s E stands for EDGE (Enhanced data Rates for GSM Evolution).This technology lies between 2G & 3G. EDGE is considered as pre-3g radio technology. Maximum download speed = 217.6 kb/s. Maximum upload speed = 108 kb/s. EDGE is faster than GPRS, suitable for browsing webpages but not for streaming videos/audios. 3G stands for UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecomm. System) and short form of Third Generation introduced in 1998. Maximum download speed = 384 kb/s. Maximum upload speed = 128 kb/s. H stand for HSPA (High Speed Packet Access), considered to be the 3.5 generation mobile technology(enhanced 3G). Maximum download speed = 7.2 MB/s. Maximum upload speed = 3.6 MB/s. H+ stands for Evolved HSPA, the development of technology H. Before the emergence of the 4G Maximum download speed = 14~168 MB/s. Maximum upload speed = 5.7~ 23 MB/s. 4G stands for Fourth generation, the development of technology H+ allowing wireless Internet access at a much higher speed. It is also called LTE (Long Term Evolution),download files from the Internet up to 10 times faster than with 3G. Maximum download speed = 100~1000 MB/s. Maximum upload speed = 50~ 500 MB/s. 14
Cellular Evolution (By technology) 15
Cellular Evolution (By region) 2G 2.5G 3G and + 4G EU JAPAN US 16
Cellular Evolution (By service) 1st Generation Analog 2nd Generation Digital 3rd Generation Wideband 4th Generation Wideband All-IP Voice Service Track North America Europe AMPS ETACS CDMA IS-95 GSM Circuit Switching Voice & Data Service Track Circuit and Packet Switching evolving to Packet Switching CDMA 2000 WCDMA PDMA 4G China TD- SCDMA Data Service Track Packet Switching Fixed Computer Network WLAN 17
Worldwide Mobile Subscriber by Technology 18
1G 19
1G 20
2G 21
2G 22
3G 23
3G 24
4G 25
4G 26
Comparison 27