OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS USING AHP AND VIKOR WHEN TURNING AISI 1040 STEEL WITH COATED TOOLS

Internatonal Journal of Mechancal Engneerng and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2017, pp. 241 248, Artcle ID: IJMET_08_01_026 Avalable onlne at http://www.aeme.com/ijmet/ssues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=8&itype=1 ISSN Prnt: 0976-6340 and ISSN Onlne: 0976-6359 IAEME Publcaton OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS USING AHP AND VIKOR WHEN TURNING AISI 1040 STEEL WITH COATED TOOLS D. Bhanu Prakash Research Scholar (PP M.E 020), Rayalaseema Unversty, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, Inda Dr. G. Krshnaah Professor, SV Unversty, Trupath, Andhra Pradesh, Inda ABSTRACT In our prevous work, optmal machnng parameter selecton durng turnng of AISI 1040 steel usng coated tools wth the help of Taguch Method as well as the use of MCDM technques TOPSIS wth AHP were dscussed. The dsadvantage of Taguch Method and the advantage of MCDM technque.e. TOPSIS wth AHP were demonstrated and optmal parameter selecton was done. In the current work, MCDM technque VIKOR n combnaton wth AHP s used to optmze machnng parameters. It was found that the result s n good agreement wth that obtaned when usng TOPSIS wth AHP for the same. The current artcle demonstrates the applcaton of VIKOR wth AHP usng CVD coated cuttng tool data. The same was appled for the data obtaned usng PVD coated tool. Key words: AHP, VIKOR, Fuzzy lngustc varables, PVD Tool, CVD Tool, Optmzaton, Turnng. Cte ths Artcle: D. Bhanu Prakash and Dr. G. Krshnaah. Optmzaton of Process Parameters Usng AHP and VIKOR when Turnng AISI 1040 Steel wth Coated Tools. Internatonal Journal of Mechancal Engneerng and Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp. 241 248. http://www.aeme.com/ijmet/ssues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=8&itype=1 1. INTRODUCTION VIKOR, expanded as Vlse Krterjuska Optmzacja I Komoromsno Resenje, was ntroduced by Oprcovc [1] for cvl engneerng purposes. It was latter appled for many applcatons. Abbas Mardan, et al [2] dd a detaled lterature survey on ths methodology of optmzaton. As a part of ther survey, they revewed the work n 15 major areas relatng, namely Manufacturng, Constructon Management, Materal Selecton, Performance Evaluaton, Health-Care, Supply Chan, Toursm Management, Servce Qualty, Sustanablty and Renewable Energy, Water Resources Plannng, Marketng, Rsk and Fnancal management, Operaton Management, Human Resource Management, other applcaton areas. Ther survey also ndcated that most of the work n manufacturng related to equpment selecton. Stanujkc, et al [3] compared SAW, ARAS, COPRAS, MOORA, GRA, CP, VIKOR and TOPSIS technques and ndcated the reasons of varatons n rankngs obtaned by usng dfferent methodologes. Sngaravel, et al [4] optmzed the cuttng parameters durng turnng of EN25 steel wth carbde tools usng combned http://www.aeme.com/ijmet/ndex.asp 241 edtor@aeme.com

D. Bhanu Prakash and Dr. G. Krshnaah MOORA and Entropy method. Petkovc, et al [5] used COPRAS MCDM technque for proper selecton of machnng process of ceramc materals. Aykut Kentl & Serhat Akbaş [6] used AHP wth Informaton Axom for selecton of lathes. They also stated that AHP and VIKOR were also used for the same by other researchers. Wang & Chang [7] explaned wth example how Fuzzy VIKOR can be used for solvng MCDM problems. Seyhan Nsel [8] used VIKOR to rank varous graduate busness schools n US. Somasundaram [9] used AHP and VIKOR to optmze mantenance cycles to avod unnecessary delays as well as expendture wth hgh frequency mantenance cycles. Ju-Kue Chen and I-Shuo Chen[10] used VIKOR to process nformaton relatng to varous unverstes so as to gude the establshment of a new unversty. Rajesh Kumar and Bharat Chandra [11] used combned VIKOR and Entropy Weght for optmzng process parameters durng EDM of Al 18% SCp Metal matrx composte. Yadav [12] used VIKOR optmzng EDM. Johns [13] nvestgated nto optmzaton of process parameters when machnng AISI 304, AISI 410, EN 31 and H21 usng molybdenum wre electrode usng combned AHP and VIKOR technque. Tavakkol Moghaddam and Mousav [14] used Delph method for dentfyng nfluental crtera, AHP for assgnng weghts and VIKOR for selectng the optmal values of crteral when solvng plant locaton problem. Hakmasl, et al [15] used combned AHP and VIKOR methodology for selectng suppler of solar panels. Durng ths process, 10 parameters lke Cost, qualty, delvery, dfferent performance crtera are optmzed. Shrpurkar, et al [16] dd a detaled lterature survey on optmzaton of cuttng parameters durng turnng operatons. Ther survey ndcated that there are no attempts n usng VIKOR wth AHP for the same. Raman, et al [17] performed optmzaton of process parameter usng AHP and VIKOR when turnng EN24 steel. The lterature survey done by varous researchers whch s presented n ths paper as well as the lterature survey done by the authors of the current work ndcate that very less amount of work s done mplementng combned AHP and VIKOR MCDM technque for optmzaton of turnng parameters. Thus, t s decded to nvestgate nto use AHP and VIKOR for optmzng process parameters when machnng AISI 1040 steel usng coated tool nserts. 2. OBJECTIVE In author s prevous work[18], [19], nvestgatons were performed to nvestgate the effect of each factors (Speed, Feed, Depth of Cut) on varous parameters (Surface Roughness, Materal Removal Rate and Power Consumpton). For ths, optmum factor values are calculated usng Taguch technques for each parameter and combned effect s studed usng nteracton plots. Also combned AHP & TOPSIS MCDM technques are appled for optmzng speed feed and depth of cut. In the current work, we are tryng to verfy the result of AHP & TOPSIS by optmzng the same data usng AHP & VIKOR. 3. METHODOLOGY The CVD & PVD data used n [19] s beng used for the current work. Data and calculatons for CVD tool are only dscussed here. The same procedure can be appled to that of PVD tool. Speed (rpm), Feed (mm/rev) and Depth of Cut (mm) are to be optmzed and the parameters beng measured are Surface Roughness (µm), Power Consumpton (W) and Materal Removal Rate (m 3 /mn). Just as for AHP & TOPSIS, only parameters shall be analyzed for optmzaton usng AHP & VIKOR. As stated n [19] the objectves are: Mnmze surface Roughness Mnmze Power Consumpton Maxmze Materal Removal Rate http://www.aeme.com/ijmet/ndex.asp 242 edtor@aeme.com

Optmzaton of Process Parameters Usng AHP and VIKOR when Turnng AISI 1040 Steel wth Coated Tools Table 1 L27 orthogonal array wth process parameters and target parameters for CVD Tool No Speed Feed Depth of Cut Surface Roughness Ra (μm) Materal Removal Rates (mm^3/mn) Power Consumpton (kw) 1 740 0.09 0.15 2.8422 0.75 9.3416 2 740 0.09 0.1 4.7161 0.394737 11.75489 3 740 0.09 0.05 2.8118 0.266667 10.3628 4 740 0.07 0.15 4.1796 0.4 10.5261 5 740 0.07 0.1 4.8156 0.674157 8.74391 6 740 0.07 0.05 4.6386 0.514286 7.73641 7 740 0.05 0.15 5.2697 0.580645 9.164832 8 740 0.05 0.1 4.1441 0.45283 7.66528 9 740 0.05 0.05 3.9445 0.514286 5.3281 10 580 0.09 0.15 2.73 0.761905 7.286254 11 580 0.09 0.1 5.8497 0.461538 5.01187 12 580 0.09 0.05 2.8809 0.48 6.17281 13 580 0.07 0.15 4.8045 0.643432 7.848 14 580 0.07 0.1 4.2464 0.571429 6.72485 15 580 0.07 0.05 3.733 0.45 8.766383 16 580 0.05 0.15 6.985 0.638298 5.445271 17 580 0.05 0.1 4.3915 0.633803 4.361176 18 580 0.05 0.05 3.9445 0.327273 5.12973 19 450 0.09 0.15 3.4964 0.461538 7.659078 20 450 0.09 0.1 3.7343 0.164384 4.970542 21 450 0.09 0.05 1.972 0.338028 7.3297 22 450 0.07 0.15 5.4475 0.474308 3.792101 23 450 0.07 0.1 3.9944 0.645161 4.56132 24 450 0.07 0.05 2.518 0.116732 5.37698 25 450 0.05 0.15 5.1373 1.929825 6.42373 26 450 0.05 0.1 2.6061 0.098361 5.61887 27 450 0.05 0.05 2.8618 0.106572 3.709838 Normalzaton of parameters s then performed on the table 1 usng equaton (1). max y( k) y( k) For mnmzaton crteron X ( k) = max y( k) mn y( k) y( k) mn y( k) For maxmzaton crteron X ( k) = max y( k) mn y( k) (1) http://www.aeme.com/ijmet/ndex.asp 243 edtor@aeme.com

D. Bhanu Prakash and Dr. G. Krshnaah Table 2 Normalzed Parameter Values Normalzed Ra Normalzed PC Normalzed MRR 0.82250 1.00000 0.00448 0.89108 0.79277 0.01003 0.64845 0.84329 0.03605 0.87351 0.76271 0.00000 0.59657 0.89416 0.29856 0.60652 0.82351 0.12499 0.51735 0.91904 0.29236 0.60652 0.79885 0.22710 0.30670 0.98977 0.20527 0.81869 0.69385 0.20838 0.22647 0.83816 0.19830 1.00000 0.55005 0.13086 0.54630 0.62523 0.25830 0.84879 0.55545 0.36230 0.00000 0.78429 0.29481 0.69591 0.50911 0.19830 0.56671 0.50834 0.19354 0.46806 0.49950 0.22710 0.43497 0.48563 0.29761 0.64871 0.37147 0.19200 0.36858 0.66266 1.00000 0.82641 0.29997 0.35580 0.83248 0.17304 0.09190 0.43275 0.37426 0.31439 0.34217 0.32194 0.26333 0.55962 0.15274 0.16470 0.45260 0.00000 0.16182 It may be noted that the weghts specfed n [18] are also beng used n the current work. The weght calculaton procedure s also the same as descrbed n [18]. The fuzzy lngustc varables are descrbed n table 3. Fgure 1 shows the Fuzzy Trangular Membershp Functon. Parwse comparson matrx for responses n terms of lngustc varables s shown n Table 4 and parwse comparson matrx n terms of trangular fuzzy numbers s gven n Table 5. Table 6 shows the weghts computed usng the procedure gven n [18]. Table 3 Fuzzy Lngustc Varables Lngustc Varables Trangular Fuzzy Numbers Extremely Low (0, 0, 0.1) (EL) Very Low (VL) (0, 0.1, 0.3) Low (L) (0.1, 0.3, 0.5) Medum (M) (0.3, 0.5, 0.7) Hgh (H) (0.5, 0.7, 0.9) Very Hgh (VH) (0.7, 0.9, 1) Extremely Hgh (0.9, 1, 1) (EH) http://www.aeme.com/ijmet/ndex.asp 244 edtor@aeme.com

Optmzaton of Process Parameters Usng AHP and VIKOR when Turnng AISI 1040 Steel wth Coated Tools Fgure 1: Fuzzy Trangular Membershp Functons Table 4 Parwse Comparson matrx for Responses n terms of Lngustc Varables Prortes MRR Ra PC MRR 1 1/VH 1/EH Ra VH 1 1/H PC EH H 1 Table 5 Parwse Comparson Matrx n Terms of Trangular Fuzzy numbers Prortes MRR MRR (1, 1, 1) Ra (0.7, 0.9, 1) PC (0.9, 1, 1) Ra (1, 1..111, 1.429) (1, 1, 1) (0.5, 0.7, 0.9) PC (1, 1, 1.111) (1.111, 1.429, 0.2) (1, 1, 1) Table 6 GA values of varous propertes Crtera MRR Ra PC BNP values 0.843 0.855 1.587 Weght 0.257 0.260 0.483 Once the weghts are determned and normalzed values of parameters are computed, postve deal and negatve deal solutons are to be now determned by usng equaton (2) & (3) as gven n [14] for each parameter. f + j max fj, for maxmzaton = mn fj, for mnmzaton (2) f j max fj, for mnmzaton = mn fj, for maxmzaton (3) Calculate the utlty measure (S j ) of each parameter for each experment usng the expresson (4), combned utlty measure (S ) usng expresson (5) and regret measure (R ) of each experment for each parameter usng expresson (6). VIKOR ndex (Q ) s then computed usng expresson (7). The weght νn expresson (7) s taken as 0.5. The experments are then ranked n descendng order of VIKOR ndex. The fnal ranked matrx s shown n table 6. http://www.aeme.com/ijmet/ndex.asp 245 edtor@aeme.com

D. Bhanu Prakash and Dr. G. Krshnaah S j = + j ( j j ) + ( f j f j ) w f f (4) S R n = S (5) j j= 1 = max S (6) j j + + + + ( ) ( ) (1 ν )( ) ( ) Q = ν S S S S + R R R R (7) where S. No S S R R + + Utlty Ra = mn S = max S = mn R = max R Utlty MRR Utlty PC Utlty S Regret R VIKOR Index 2 0.1424 0.2152 0.4832 0.8407 0.4832 1.0000 1 4 0.1146 0.2144 0.4094 0.7383 0.4094 0.7893 2 3 0.0436 0.2331 0.3996 0.6763 0.3996 0.7164 3 7 0.1711 0.1891 0.3276 0.6878 0.3276 0.6143 4 5 0.1476 0.1760 0.3023 0.6259 0.3023 0.5172 5 1 0.0452 0.1654 0.3382 0.5488 0.3382 0.5019 6 15 0.0914 0.2074 0.3037 0.6025 0.3037 0.4976 7 13 0.1470 0.1803 0.2485 0.5758 0.2485 0.3864 8 6 0.1384 0.1984 0.2418 0.5786 0.2418 0.3785 9 16 0.2601 0.1810 0.1042 0.5454 0.2601 0.3763 10 8 0.1127 0.2070 0.2376 0.5573 0.2376 0.3520 11 19 0.0791 0.2058 0.2372 0.5221 0.2372 0.3188 12 26 0.0329 0.2567 0.1147 0.4043 0.2567 0.2401 13 11 0.2012 0.2058 0.0782 0.4852 0.2058 0.2354 14 20 0.0914 0.2474 0.0757 0.4146 0.2474 0.2352 15 21 0.0000 0.2231 0.2174 0.4405 0.2231 0.2210 16 24 0.0283 0.2541 0.1001 0.3826 0.2541 0.2159 17 14 0.1180 0.1904 0.1811 0.4895 0.1904 0.2152 18 18 0.1024 0.2246 0.0853 0.4122 0.2246 0.1972 19 10 0.0393 0.1637 0.2148 0.4178 0.2148 0.1869 20 12 0.0472 0.2032 0.1479 0.3983 0.2032 0.1507 21 22 0.1803 0.2040 0.0049 0.3893 0.2040 0.1436 22 27 0.0462 0.2556 0.0000 0.3017 0.2556 0.1431 23 9 0.1024 0.1984 0.0972 0.3979 0.1984 0.1428 24 17 0.1256 0.1817 0.0391 0.3463 0.1817 0.0687 25 23 0.1049 0.1801 0.0511 0.3361 0.1801 0.0567 26 25 0.1643 0.0000 0.1630 0.3272 0.1643 0.0237 27 Rank http://www.aeme.com/ijmet/ndex.asp 246 edtor@aeme.com

Optmzaton of Process Parameters Usng AHP and VIKOR when Turnng AISI 1040 Steel wth Coated Tools The optmal values of Speed, Feed and Depth of Cut are thus of experment number 2 whch are 740 rpm, 0.09mm/rev and 0.1mm respectvely. These are n good agreement wth that determned usng AHP & TOPSIS [18]. The same method s appled for PVD data also, and t was found that the result s n good agreement wth that of AHP & TOPSIS. 5. CONCLUSIONS Many MCDM technques are used for optmzng cuttng parameters. But very lttle work s done n mplementng the same for turnng AISI 1040 steel usng coated tools and that too wth combned AHP & VIKOR technque. Ths paper valdates the optmzaton result obtaned usng AHP & TOPSIS n our prevous work usng AHP & VIKOR. Detaled dscusson on the procedure mplemented for optmzaton s gven n secton 4. It was found that the optmzaton results of AHP & TOPSIS are n good agreement wth those obtaned usng AHP & VIKOR. REFERENCES [1] S. Oprcovc, Multcrtera optmzaton of cvl engneerng systems, Fac. Cv. Eng. Belgrade, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 5 21, 1998. [2] A. Mardan, E. K. Zavadskas, K. Govndan, A. A. Senn, and A. Jusoh, VIKOR technque: A systematc revew of the state of the art lterature on methodologes and applcatons, Sustan., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1 38, 2016. [3] S. Dragsa, D. Bojan, and D. Mra, Comparatve analyss of some promnent MCDM methods: A case of rankng Serban banks, Serban J. Manag., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 213 241, 2013. [4] B. Sngaravel, T. Selvaraj, and S. Vnodh, Mult-Objectve Optmzaton of turnng parameters usng the combned MOORA and entropy method, Trans. Can. Soc. Mech. Eng., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 101 111, 2016. [5] D. Petkovc, M. Madc, and G. Radenkovc, Selecton of the most sutable non-conventonal machnng processes for ceramcs machnng by usng MCDMs, Sc. Snter., vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 229 235, 2015. [6] A. Kentl and S. Akbaş, Lathe Selecton Usng Analytc Herarchy Process And Informaton Axom, n CBU Internatonal Conference On Innovatons In Scence And Educaton, 2016, pp. 852 856. [7] T. Wang and T.-H. Chang, Fuzzy VIKOR as an Ad for Multple Crtera Decson Makng. [8] S. Nsel, An Extended VIKOR Method for Rankng Onlne Graduate Busness Programs, Int. J. Inf. Educ. Technol., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 103 107, 2014. [9] S. Kumanan, Selectng the best mantenance strategy usng AHP and VIKOR approaches, n Internatonal Conference on Advances n Industral Engneerng Applcatons -ICAIEA 2010, 2010, no. Aprl, pp. 1 6. [10] J. Chen and I. Chen, VIKOR Method for Selectng Unverstes for Future Development Based on Innovaton, J. Glob. Bus. Issues, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 53 59, 2008. [11] R. K. Bhuyan and B. C. Routara, Optmzaton the machnng parameters by usng VIKOR and Entropy Weght method durng EDM process of Al 18% SCp Metal matrx composte, Decs. Sc. Lett., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 269 282, 2016. [12] S. K. Yadav, Optmzaton of green electro-dscharge machnng usng VIKOR, NIT, Rourkela, 2013. [13] D. Johns, Mult Response Optmzaton Of Wre Electrc Dscharge Machnng Wth Analytc Herarchy Process, Thapar Unversty, Patala. [14] S. M. Mousav, M. Heydar, and P. O. Box, An Integrated Ahp-Vkor Methodology For Plant Locaton Selecton, IJE Trans. B Appl., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 127 137, 2011. [15] M. Hakmasl, M. S. Amalnck, F. Zorrassatne, and A. Hakmasl, Green Suppler Evaluaton by Usng an Integrated Fuzzy AHP- VIKOR Approach, vol. x, no. x, pp. 1284 1300, 2016. http://www.aeme.com/ijmet/ndex.asp 247 edtor@aeme.com

D. Bhanu Prakash and Dr. G. Krshnaah [16] P. P. Shrpurkar, S. R. Bobde, V. V Patl, and B. N. Kale, Optmzaton of Turnng Process Parameters by Usng Tool Inserts- A Revew, Int. J. Eng. Innov. Technol., vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 216 223, 2012. [17] R. Kumar, R. Kumar, G. Son, and S. Chhabra, Optmzaton of Process Parameters Durng CNC Turnng by Usng AHP & VIKOR Method, Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol., vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 3478 3480, 2013. [18] D. B. Prakash, G. Krshnaah, and N. V. S. Shankar, Optmzaton of Process Parameters Usng AHP and TOPSIS When Turnng AISI 1040 Steel Usng Coated Tools, Int. J. Mech. Eng. Technol., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 114 122, 2016. [19] D. B. Prakash, G. Krshnaah, and N. V. S. Shankar, Optmzaton of Process Parameters Usng Taguch Technques When Turnng AISI 1040 Steel Usng Coated Tools, Int. J. Mech. Eng. Technol., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 114 122, 2016. [20] D Bhanu Prakash, Dr. G Krshnaah and N V S Shankar, Optmzaton of Process Parameters Usng Taguch Technques when Turnng AISI 1040 Steel wth Coated Tools. Internatonal Journal of Mechancal Engneerng and Technology, 7(6), 2016, pp. 114 122. [21] D Bhanu Prakash, Dr. G Krshnaah and N V S Shankar, Optmzaton of Process Parameters Usng AHP and TOPSIS When Turnng AISI 1040 Steel wth Coated Tools. Internatonal Journal of Mechancal Engneerng and Technology, 7(6), 2016, pp. 483 492. http://www.aeme.com/ijmet/ndex.asp 248 edtor@aeme.com