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2 E: H ' Q/ % 24-2 D D!# 75 32 ' # &$ 3'# 2 ] (# 40EC)' &$ MN &. *F 2 :2 D 3222 2 Q #L% @, ' :S Q/ @, ;/ 3DC.:S E:) ٨ v.2! '(1934 Q ' A') Q ' A' 1'# ;/ E $# (1971 D+) 32'# 1'# ;/ 9 \) ' 2D 1+B # ;/ D: ' 3#.:S DLI2(1986 Q) 3& # D' D 3O 2& ^& D' D ^, ' 2&'AB \) P+& K \) * -. 3S 2 ph ' 2 EC 10.(1992 9,) 3S ' (1)3*A 9: >. #' (1) K'! # )HJ2 DFJ 2 ;/ :C ' A:& -$./<:2 9:.2 1# ') : :F2 <:& w2 3-2 ' - # (# ' ('# X:" -l) (2) ('# g' D' h:] # $ % &# # ' ('# (# ) U -'P) E: D 2 9: # E jc 2 9: D # 3C pz/ :F2 E: DF] 15 ) 102 3D:, # ' 2 : (' DF] 5) ' #MS =) ;/ <:& # =2 ' ^R2 *2% Q: % D #.# FJ2 (1382)/k ' 3# A -FFI) #, # # IJ 3D:G 3:M,?P < ' # -#? E # :# -#? 3S#] q% ;/ [J -J] D" 11 ' P+& $ % &# # ' (# ) 2 <:& (2) *A # *$ 9:.(1984 #AC' k#)) 2 E:, ' ( h]# q% ('# 3G #F2 : 31# #. 1# - <:& ' 2 GT ^, ('# -.(1391 #AC ' :/) &: / <:& ('# 3G ^ * D 2 * #F2 2 S2 2 UN # -J] #/ = # D *A) = D # *.#2 = #F2 D @B ' D&: <:& 2 MS 12 (1394) #AC ' C,.(1990 ' 3#2) 2 ;/ 3:M,?P < :R # ' C/ X:) ' ;/ [J S# - <:& ' ;/ <:& ' ('# : ^R2 *2% 1# - D # D E: D D2 :2 # E jc ' 1# ') D # D E: D ) 2 D e2 3#C +P) ' (2)' (1)3*A 2 &2 xp) ('# g' : h:] # &# # 2 E: 2 &: / <:& $ % &# # - <:& / :& DH]' *:' # ># : ('# 3' ;/ _& ' */ '+2 ' <:& D2 2 2 $ % N D IJ 3D/ # ;/ * D D&# # ># #F2 L+ + )# -#? *C. 2 KF # )# -#? ># -#? 'Z% ' ' & P:) 1# ') :MN.(19988 7.:2 <:& 3) ('# ^ -#? KF *. 2 -#? E:Ak ' E:):# KF % GC D $ % $# C D ' 2 C S# -2 ') = # D&# ١٥ ١٤ P:' ' ' y1997 +2 ' # ) y1997 ١٣ QR S, #AC ' EkS y1386 #AC 7. Hesse 8. Walkley and Black 9. Blake 10. page 11. Tarchitzkyet al 12. Moore and Singer 13. Gachen 14. Teixeira and Misra 15. Wany and Swaify 4
*#V-O#, S <, ^) ' g * * "# E: # ;/ <:& D E:! "# v./# D!) *] DA ^ D % D! ht 2 A:i'# # ' A:i KH) Dj k 2 2 8)2 ' 3#' 3D$% )^ #+ M. / C E:, 3D/ /'# lt ' (Z g]' 2, ' : #+ + ;/<:& #F2 # $ *2% % D #. / #] 3 th2 # # R "# E: $ N 3# R ' X 2 ::2 KC% -C% g 3S# D : + K *] ^F+2 #J D ' # ;/ S :& # CR2 <F <:& k *L] HLT 8 2 # : ' OP -2] 3#+. ] (J2 -= < ' #R2 R! OP -#$ D : ;/ OP 31'# P. 3.] ' %C! *c+2 # 3 82! ' C% & 1 2 ' 3# R C% K$ > ' (J2 I D ;/ ' ( )! 2 3#C ' 3#AC z C ' ;2.&: U #2 ' (J2 9: D h:t E: Clay Silt Sand ρb (gr/ F<=4 -I=4 *U4'% -O#,-1T ) EC (ds/m) PH K (mg/kg) P (mg/kg) T.N OM و ه ٢٠ ٠ ٠ ١ / ١٢./ ٧٨ ٧ / ٧٣ ٧ / ٠١./ ١٧٨ ٢/٣٨ 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 ازت رواب 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324252627 ;/ * - $# &# # ' ('# -l) -2*A 5
25 ب ب رب 20 15 10 5 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 ^, ' P+& $ % &# # ' (# -l) -3*A X4W 33# <, I) 3;/ # <:& ' ('# 2 D+:F2 1389 x (' ; C g :' g 2-490-IP$ 1389 #:R - 2 (3 #C) 24! ;/ ' ( D: # DL P ' %# *! ;/ % <:C EC -GF2 D%C2 (# ' ('# ) 1# -2 KT =) 1384 } /k? 3# A.831-829-IP$ 1384# : D :3#2 DHJ2) H)2 "# # 1# - ' ('# X:" DJ# # 1393 L/ g L% _ C, ( ) (Z <, %C! -3.] :# 1388 _ '] # #, ECk.: 3# EC _ : 3# R2 ' % 2 <:C EC, # (# ' ;/ :MN $ % &# # *! X:) = 1391 3 F2 :.~ > 2 # } > ]$ :/ ^+ 'V, C% D2.&.(>#2 ) 'V, ' 2 *!) :3#2 DHJ2 #!.1391 +2 ' #C K : HLT 3 C% -%ZT :, E2 <:2 D" ::2 D2 1387 ; 2, h' # 2.192 ) 183 -IP$ (2#C)15 #' R! 33# ' w2 3X # C, <:& 2 -l) :# 1393 ( F2 / 3'& /& P:.( #C ) K ;/ ' ( 8 2 OP D: *! ' 3#'.387 DIP$ R) -#.*! 1#', ' *! 1390 #!R2 3'2 # H)2 "# 3# l) = # :MN $ % ' ;/ &# # EC) 1386 } 2/ Z! & P:.(w) *Rk #C ^: K HLT 8 2 ' 3#' & ' % %.2 Assouline S, and Ben-Hur M, 2006, Effect of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on the dynamics of interrill erosion during soil Surface sealing. Catena, 66:211-220..500.67) 61 -IP$ (1#C ) 2 #' 1393 # }J 3 D2 (-Z 6
Blake G r, 1986, Bluk density, Pp. in: methods of soil analysis, Part 1, 2 ed. Am. Soc. Agron. Inc, madison, wi. Cuomo S, and Della Sala M, 2013.Rainfall-induced infiltration, runoff and failure in steep unsaturated shallow soil deposits.engineering Geology, 162: 118-127. Gachen C K K, Jarvis N J, Unner h, and Mbuvi J P, 1997, Soil erosion on soil properties in highland area ofcentral Kenya. Soil Sci, Soc. Amer. J. 61: 559-564. Giovannini G ValijoR Lucchesi S Bautista S Ciompi S, and Liovet J, 2001, Effects of land use and eventual fire on soil erodibility in dry Mediterranean condition.forest Ecology and Management, 147: 15-23. Hesse P R, 1971, A text book of soil chemical analysis, John Murray, London. Kleinman P J A, Srinivasan M S, Dell C J, Schmidt J P, Sharpley A N, and Bryant R B, 2006, Role of rainfall intensity and hydrologyin nutrient transport via surface erunoff. Journal ofenvironmental Quality,(35): 137-150. Moore C P, and Singer M J, 1990, Crust formation effects on soil erosion processes. Soil Sci, Soc. Amer, J, 54: 1117-1123. Morgan R P, 2005, Soil erosion company. 304p. and conservation ISBN 1-4051- 1781-8. Blackwell Publishing Page A L, 1992,Methods of Soil Analysis, ASA and SSSA Pub, Madison, WI. Tarchitzky J, Banin A, Morin J, and Chen Y, 1984, Nature formation and effects of soil crusts formed by water drop impact.geoderma, 33, 135-155. Teixeira P C, and R K Misra,1997, Erosive sediment characteristics of cultivated forest soils as affected by themechanical stability of aggregates. Catena 30: 119-134. Walkley A, and Black C A,1934, An examination of the degtjareff method for determining soilorganic matter and a proposed modification of chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 33:29-38. Wany E L, and Swaify S A, 1998, Flow-induced transport and enrichment of erosional sediment from a wellaggregated and uniformly textured Oxisol.Geoderma 75: 251-265. 7