Introduction to Photography

Introduction to Photography

The Camera

Digital Cameras

The Camera (front & top)

The Camera (back & bottom)

Digital Camera Modes

Scene Modes

Landscape Photography

What makes a good landscape? http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/phot ography/photo-of-the-day/landscapes/ http://www.outdoor-photos.com/ http://www.theguardian.com/culture/gallery/2013 /oct/21/awards-and-prizes-photography

Composition and Spatial Arrangement Subject the focal point is it clear - do I like it Perspective (angle of view) o Horizontal lines more static calm o Diagonals give more movement Leading Lines (to draw the eye in) Focus Unnecessary Clutter Excluded Added interest: o Colour (bright, strong or muted/subtle, monochromatic, B&W) o Shapes o Empty or with people/animals/vehicles etc. (allow space to move) o Silhouettes o Reflections o Shadows/Textures o Atmosphere - (Interesting Skies/Mists/Storms)

Light and Shadow Outside the Camera Time of Year Geographical Location Weather Time of Day o Hour after sunrise/before sunset more subtle colours Within Camera Exposure = Aperture x Shutter Speed ISO (sensitivity of sensor to light)

Rules: Rule of Thirds helping with composition of photograph Depth of Field controlling the amount of area in focus

Rule of Thirds

Depth of Field When we take a photo we choose the spot that is perfectly in focus. On either side of this the focus will gradually change. Sometimes this change is not noticeable by the human eye and appears to be acceptably in focus. In a landscape we usually expect everything from the foreground to the background to appear perfectly focussed. Factors affecting depth of field are a combination of lens used and most importantly the aperture.

Shallow Depth of Field Large aperture (low f number) Only small area acceptably in focus Blur

Depth of Field Depth of field increases as aperture gets smaller (higher f number), longer shutter speeds maybe required to get enough light for correct exposure, everything in focus from foreground to background. (Hint focus about a third of way into picture not on horizon). Wide angle lens appear to give more depth of field than very long lenses.

Effects of a Telephoto Lens 28mm 50mm 70mm 210mm Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons

Comparisons of Depth of Field Close-up Portrait Landscape Wide aperture i.e. F2.8 Small aperture i.e. f16

Using Aperture to control Depth of Field

Impact on Shutter Speed Exposure = Aperture x Shutter Speed So to obtain a set exposure: A small aperture results in a longer shutter speed A large aperture results in a shorter shutter speed A long shutter speed can give rise to camera shake It is a balance between the two

Portrait Photography

Portrait Photography - Considerations Purpose Background Lighting Subject Position Mood

Red Eye

Macro (Close Up) Photography

Blurring the Background (i.e. area in focus) Depth of Field

Magnification

Comparison of lenses Focusing Distance (m) Magnification Canon EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro USM 0.31 1.00 Canon EF-S 60mm f/2.8 Macro USM 0.20 1.00 Canon EF-S 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6 IS 0.45 0.24 @ 200mm Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II 0.25 0.34 Canon EF 24mm f/1.4l II USM 0.27 0.17 Canon EF 28-300mm f/3.5-5.6l IS USM 0.70 0.06 (Wide); 0.3 (Tele) Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6l IS II USM 0.98 0.31 @ 400mm

Sports Photography

Shutter Speed Shutter speed is the amount of time the aperture is open to admit light. Shutter speeds are expressed in fractions of a second i.e. 1/500, 1/250, 1/125, 1/60, 1/30, 1/15, 1/8, ¼, ½, 1, 2, 4, etc Fast shutter speed freeze action Slow shutter speed show action over an extended period blur action. For shutter speeds below 1/60 you will probably need a tripod to avoid camera shake.

Shutter speed Shutter speed can have a dramatic impact on the appearance of moving objects. Changes in background blurring are apparent as exposure time increases Sparklers moved in a circular motion with an exposure time of 4 seconds. This is an example of light painting "Sparklers with a slow shutter speed" by Adam.J.W.C