DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (DBMS) by Prof. Kudang B. Seminar, MSc, PhD e-mail: kseminar@ipb.ac.id base sebagai Komponen Vital Sistem Informasi Performance Control System Process Info Store N E T W A R E 1
vs Information : raw facts or observations Information : data that have been transformed into a meaningful and useful context for specific end users Sales person Sales Values Sales Units Processing Information Sales Analysis Sample Business Application 2
Sample Tabular View of Sales Sample Pivot Chart for Sale Analysis 3
Akusisi Geografis Geografis Yang Tersimpan 4
Produk Informasi Geografis Basis (base) Koleksi terpadu dari data-data yang saling berkaitan yang dirancang untuk suatu enterprise. Dosen Alumni Mhs Mkul 5
Analisis Kebutuhan ( Requirement Analyisis) Think and conceptualize business objects and logic Identify information needed -> then what data are needed Formulate what computer applications are needed? Dokumentasikan hasil Analisis dengan Alat Bantu Permodelan (Modeling Tools) 6
Kasus Contoh: Requirement Analysis Forward Support Analysis Sources of Supporting Supporting Information Management Objectives Management Functions Backward Requirement Analysis BAAK KRS Academic Progress Monitoring Student Progress Monitoring Faculty Transkrip Treated Students Directing Student Research Directing Dept. Supervisi Student Potentials Planning for Remedial Efforts. Planning Study Program Research List Academic Problem Acting on Remedial Plan Acting Contoh Kasus: Analisis Kebutuhan Mhs Info Monitoring Directing Acting KRS, Transkrip IPK Kumulatif Status Akademik Mhs Minat riset & PTA mhs, PTA Catatan riset mhs, Trankrip, KRS. Catatan riset mhs, Trankrip, KRS = 1..n Profile minat riset & PTA mhs, Beban PTA Kemajuan riset mhs Profile kelulusan mhs: lama studi & prestasi akad. Info= Info 1..n Analisis minat riset & PTA mhs Status Akademik Mhs Analisis kelulusan: rerata lama studi, ranking akademik Warning 1, 2, 3, rekomendasi Alokasi PTA utk mhs Rekomendasi perlakuan Rekomendasi program akselerasi studi D.O or Extended Alokasi final PTA utk mhs Eksekusi perlakuan Eksekusi akselerasi studi Management Functions = Monitoring Directing Acting Mencapai Target Academic Excellence? 7
Utilisasi Vs Ketersedian Informasi Ada dan Diperlukan Tak ada dan Diperlukan Ada dan Tak Diperlukan Tak Ada dan Tak Diperlukan Perlu Tak Ada Ada Tak Perlu Acquisition & Information Production 8
base Management Systems (DBMS) Koleksi terpadu dari sekumpulan program (utilitas) yang digunakan untuk mengakses dan merawat database Users DBMS Utilitas base Application Programs on Top of DBMS Users Application programs DBMS base 9
Keuntungan DBMS menjadi shareable resources bagi berbagai user dan aplikasi Metoda akses, penggunaan, dan perawatan data menjadi seragam dan konsisten Pengulangan (redundancy) data dan kemajemukan struktur data diminimisasikan Ketaktergantungan data terhadap program aplikasi (data independence) Hubungan/relasi logik (logical relationship) antar data terpelihara secara sistematik. Conventional Management Application Application belongs to a certain application programs ; therefore it is difficult to share data among application programs lifetime is limited (dependent ) to application program lifetime. redundancy and inconsistency will likely occur Non-uniform access method, data usage and maintenance. Incompatibility of data among application programs 10
Examples of software tools in DBMS Designing : ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram), DDL ( Definition Language) Inputing & Manipulating: DML ( Modification Language), QL (Query Language), Multimedia processor Searching & Retrieving: QL (Query Language): SQL * QBE Converting & Squeezing: Encoder & Decoder, Converter & Squeezer, Multimedia processor Optimizing : Organizer & Analyzer Calculating: Math & statistical functions Presenting: Report Generator, Multimedia Processor DBMS Approach Enables Resource Sharing Among Applications and Users Multiple Systems Shareable Resources 11
Management Life Cycle Real World Need of changes Observing Identifying Updating Monitoring Protecting Browsing Analyzing Optimizing Conceptualizing Representing Structuring Coding Modeling: Methods & Tools 12
Item Order Why Modeling? Modeling captures essential parts of the system. Dr. James Rumbaugh Ship via Business Process Visual Modeling is modeling using standard graphical notations: chart, diagrams, objects, symbols Copyright 1997 by Rational Software Corporation Model Definition: Integrated collection of concepts, theories, axioms, constraints for description, organization, validation, and interpretation of data. Usage: a fundamental set of tools & methods to consistently & uniformly view, organize, and treat database. 13
Types Models Record-Based Model Relational Hierarchical Network Object-Based Model Entity-relationship Semantic Functional Object Oriented Steps of Designing DBMS Determine what to store Determine what relations exists Determine what data services are needed Determine what data model is suitable 14
Warehouse Kudang B. Seminar What is warehouse? warehouse as a subject- oriented, integrated, time variant, non-volatile collection of data in support of management s decision making process warehouse systems consist of a set of programs that extract data from the operational environment, a database that maintains data warehouse data, and systems that provide data to users 15
The Goal of Ware House? to provide a "single image of business reality" for the organization Fundamental Ideas Behind the Successful Warehousing Operational vs. Decision Support Applications: One impetus for data warehouse is the unsuitability of traditional operational applications for typical decision support usage patterns; Primitive vs. Derived : A critical success factor in data warehouse design is understanding knowledge workers demand demand for detailed vs. summary data; Time Series : warehouse often supports analysis of trends over time and comparisons of current vs. historical data; Administration: Another critical success factor is senior management commitment to maintenance of the quality of corporate data Systems Architecture: A system must be architected when it is very complex, requires the integration of many disciplines, or is developed in the face of uncertain requirements. 16
Alignment of data warehouse entities with the business structure Corporate for Warehouses A corporate data warehouse is a process by which related data from many operational systems is merged to provide a single, integrated business information view that spans all business divisions. 17