Ubuntu 是新一代的 Linux 作業系統, 最重要的是, 它完全免費, 不光是作業系統, 連用軟體都不必錢 為什麼要裝在 USB 隨身碟上? 因為, 你可以把所有的軟體帶著走, 不必在每一台電腦上重新來一次, 不必每一套軟體裝在每一台電腦上都要再一次合法授權 以下安裝方式寫的是安裝完整的 Ubuntu- 企業雲端版本 V. 11.10 的安裝過程, 若是要安裝 Desktop 版本, 由於牽涉到 GUI 圖形化操作介面的設定, 因此需要額外的設定, 在本安裝說明文件中並未特別說明 本安裝說明 UD:Ubuntu Desktop, UEC:Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud Ubuntu is a newest Linux O.S. The most important thing is that the Ubuntu O.S. and most software in Ubuntu are free. Why should we install the Ubuntu O.S. into a USB disk? First, you can bring all software you need everywhere. Second, you just need to install valid software or applications once without illegal installation everywhere. The following description is about the installation of Ubuntu enterprise cloud O.S. v.11.10. If you want to install the Ubuntu Desktop O.S., due to that some further configuration of GUI, some extra configuration and changing will be needed. In this document, these further configurations are not mentioned. UD:Ubuntu Desktop, UEC:Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud 在安裝的一開始, 首先需要準備容量空間夠大的 USB 隨身碟, 一般來說須要 8G 以上的空間 ; 而要使用 USB 作為 Ubuntu 作業系統安裝的硬碟, 用來安裝 Ubuntu 的電腦之 BIOS 須要能夠支援 USB 開機 In the beginning, you must have a USB disk with at least 8GB space. In addition, the computer (PC) for Ubuntu installation should support the USB booting. 一般來說, 安裝 Ubuntu 到 USB 上, 不外乎兩種方式 : 1) 將電腦上的硬碟排線先予以排除, 將 USB 隨身碟插入主機, 以一般光碟安裝方式, 將 Ubuntu 安裝到 USB 隨身碟上 ;2) 利用虛擬機器軟體, 經過預先設定好的硬體架構, 以光碟透過虛擬軟體安裝 Ubuntu 到 USB 隨身碟上 本文件將說明第二種安裝方式 Generally, to install Ubuntu O.S into a USB disk, 1) disable the HDD in computer (disconnect the power line, etc.). Then, plug in the USB disk. At last, as the general installation, you just need an Ubuntu CD for installation. Otherwise, you need a virtual machine application. According to the on demand configuration of hardware, you can use an Ubuntu CD for installation via virtual machine. In this document, the second way will be introduced. 在開始安裝之前, 請先準備以下工具與物件 : 1) 具開機安裝能力的 Ubuntu Server 作業系統光碟片 ;2)Oracle VM VirtualBox 軟體 並先行安裝 VirtualBox Before installation, please prepare 1) Ubuntu Server O.S. CD, and 2) Oracle VM
VirtualBox Software. Please install VirtualBox first. 安裝 VirtualBox 之後, 開啟軟體, 可以看到畫面如下圖 After installing VirtualBox, run the application. 點選 新增 (N) 按鍵, 然後按 下一步 Click New (N) and next (N). 輸入虛擬機器名稱, 並選取適當的作業系統與版本 在本範例中以 Ubuntu 作為
虛擬機器名稱, 系統將自動選取 Linux 與 Ubuntu 為作業系統與版本 Input the name of the virtual machine and select the suitable O.S and version. In this example, Ubuntu is used as the name of the VM. The VirtualBox will automatically choose the Linux as the O.S. and Ubuntu as the version. 設定記憶體大小, 其大小受到安裝用的電腦本身所具備的記憶體大小所限制 ; 建議使用 1~2G(1024~2048MB) Configure the size of memory. The total amount of memory is limited by the computer which you use to install the Ubuntu. 1GB~2GB (1024~2048MB) memory is recommended.
選取要安裝的硬碟 ; 由於我們要安裝於 USB 上, 可是又不想更動既有的作業系統 ( 如 Win XP), 也為了避免原有硬碟上文件更動造成損毀, 因此會在後續設定中才選取 USB 隨身碟作為硬碟 ; 因此本步驟中請取消啟動硬碟的選擇 Select the hard disk for O.S. booting. Due to that we want to install O.S into USB disk without any change of the original HDD and data (such as Win XP), the configuration about hard disk will be set during O.S. installation. Currently, please disable (cancel) the selection. 接下來的警告訊息請忽略, 按下 繼續 Ignore the warning message and click the continuous.
此時可以看到所建立的虛擬機器的摘要說明 Now, you can see the abstract of the created VM. 回到 VitualBox 主畫面, 可以看到剛剛所建立的虛擬機器以及相關設定 將滑鼠移動到 系統 的選項上點選, 開啟系統設定畫面 Back to the main UI of VirtualBox. You can see the established VM and the related configuration. Click the selection System and open the system configuration window.
進入系統設定畫面, 首先更改開機順序, 預設值為優先軟碟機 其次光碟機 最後為硬碟, 由於我們並不使用軟碟, 也要改用 USB 當作硬碟, 因此請將這兩項勾選取消 In configuration, first, please change the boot priority. The default value is Floppy, CD-ROM, and HDD. Because that we do not use the Floppy and the current HDD, please disable (cancel) the selection of these two devices. 切換左邊選單到 USB 選項選單
Change to the USB section listed in the left side. 請先插入要使用來安裝 Ubuntu 的 USB 隨身碟, 在右方 USB 選單中, 點選第二個按鍵 ( 有 + 號的按鍵 ), 新增 USB 裝置, 此時 VirtualBox 會自動列出目前已經插在主機上的 USB 隨身碟設備 以本範例為例, 所使用的為金士頓的隨身碟, 因此有列出 Kingston DataTraveler Plug the USB disk which is used for Ubuntu. In the right hand side, click the second icon (where there is a + sign) for USB device added. The VirtualBox will list all the USB devices. In this example, the Kingston USB disk is used. Therefore, the Kingston DataTraveler will be listed.
確定完系統設定之後, 回到 VirtualBox 主畫面, 便可以第一次啟動所建立的虛擬機器 After configure the system, in the main UI of VirtualBox, you can initially start the VM. 接下來選取安裝的媒體, 請選取 Ubuntu 光碟片所在的光碟機 Then, select the setup media. Please select the CD-ROM with the Ubuntu O.S. CD.
確定選取正確之後即可開始安裝 Now, you can start the installation. 選取所要安裝的語言 Select the language. <UD>
<UEC> VirtualBox 會顯示安裝時的注意事項, 確定後跳過 VirtualBox will list the information about installation. Click Done or Ok for skip. <UD>
接下來要選取安裝所使用的磁碟機, 請務必確認此時選取的是您的 USB 隨身碟, 本範例所使用的 Kingston 隨身碟, 相關型號會列在上面的下拉式清單中, 務必確認正確 ( 否則有可能造成原本 Windows 作業系統損毀 ); 另外由於要建立磁碟分割, 請務必選取進階分割工具 <UD> 或是手動 <UEC>, 以免造成將來 USB 隨身碟迅速損壞 Then, you have to select the disk for installation. Be careful, you must select the correct USB device (ex. Kingston DataTraveler ) listed on the top. Otherwise, your Microsoft Windows O.S. may be crashed. In addition, due to the partition of the disk, please select the advanced partition tools. Otherwise, your USB disk may be crashed very soon. <UD>
<UEC> 若原本的 USB 隨身碟已經有格式化, 可以點選 刪除 將原本格式去除 If the USB is formatted as FAT or NTFS partition, you can click delete to clean the format. <UD>
<UEC> 選取 加入, 跳出建立分割區選單, 分割類型選擇 : 主分割區, 新分割區位置 : 開始位置, 用途請記得選取 Ext2 檔案系統, 否則會因頻繁存取 USB 隨身碟造成隨身碟損毀 Click Add, then there will be a partition menu. The partition type is main partition. The location of the new partition is begin. The purpose must be Ext2 data system. Otherwise the USB disk will be crashed very soon due to frequently access. <UD>
<UEC> <UEC> 掛載點須要選取 / 作為 root 系統 The mount selection please select / as the root.
<UD> <UEC> 開啟可開機設定為 開 Enable the rootable configuration.
<UEC> 由於我們所使用的檔案系統為 Ext2, 因此並沒有設定 SWAP 分割區, 安裝過程會出現警告訊息, 請直接點選 繼續 Due to that we use the Ext2 data file system without Swap partition, the warning message will be presented. Please click continuous. <UD>
<UEC> 鍵盤排列可以直接使用預設值, 請點選 繼續 Keyboard style can use the default value. Please click continuous. 輸入您的名稱 電腦名稱 使用者名稱與密碼 除了電腦名稱由您自行定義, 為了教學上的方便, 使用者名稱與密碼務必皆設定成 ccisnfu Input your name, id name of the computer, user name and password. In addition to the id name of the computer, please make sure that both user name and password
should be set as ccisnfu. 然後開始一般的安裝過程 Then the setup procedure starts.