Elementary Computing CSC 100 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 1
File & Operating Systems Every computer has an Operating System (OS). An OS is a piece of software that manages the resources on every computer. User Interfaces and File Systems are two of the most visible components of an OS. A File System (FS) helps us managing our data on storage. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 2
Outcomes An OS is an essential piece of software for any computer. A File System gives us a structured and hierarchical view of our data files. A File System has additional security features to prevent unauthorized accesses. Multitasking enables us to run many applications at once. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 3
Study Guide What is an Operating System (OS)? What typical tasks an OS automate? What does an OS do exactly? What is a command line interface or GUI? What are the examples of an modern OS? What is the layered structure of a computer? What are the most important components of an OS? 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 4
Study Guide What are primary and secondary storage? What does formatting a hard disk mean? What are the common File Systems? What is a File System? What are files and folders, and pathname? What are file and folder permissions? What is multitasking? 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 5
What is an Operating System? 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 6
Historically, computers are too complicated for an average user to operate. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 7
Inside a Desktop Computer 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 8
Typical tasks an OS do Control the graphic display Connect to the network Send documents to a printer Back up our data onto a hard disk Control your keyboard / mouse Share data among computers Start up / shut down a computer 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 9
An OS takes care of An OS automates many of the hardware specific operations. It knows how to set up the wireless network. It knows how to communicate with a printer. It knows how to store and retrieve data on your hard drives. It knows how to display graphics and fonts on different computer monitors. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 10
With an OS, you just click an icon or a command menu item. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 11
Early Personal Operating Systems 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 12
Personal Computing in 80 s 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 13
First IBM-PC 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 14
Microsoft DOS 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 15
Apple Macintosh OS 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 16
Modern Operating Systems 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 17
Examples of Modern OS Microsoft Windows (95, 98, XP, Vista, 7, 8) Apple Macintosh Disk Operating Systems (version 1, 2,, 7, 8, 9). Apple OS X (Pather, Tiger, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Lion, Mountain Lion, Maverick) Linux and Android Apple ios (1,2,3,4,5,6,7) 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 18
Windows XP 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 19
Windows 7 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 20
Windows 8 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 21
Apple OS X Tiger (10.4) 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 22
Apple OS X Snow Leopard (10.6) 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 23
Linux OS 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 24
Android OS 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 25
Apple ios 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 26
Today, most Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) look very similar to each other. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 27
Windows Command Line Interface 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 28
OS X Command Line Interface 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 29
What is inside an OS? 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 30
Layers in a Computer System Hardware Operating System & File System GUI & Applications 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 31
An OS is responsible for presenting an easy-to-use user interface ( look & feel ) keeping track of all user data managing all hardware, e.g., sound, printers, networks, hard disks, display, mouse, keyboard, etc. executing applications starting up or shutting down a computer 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 32
Every OS has its own set of operational features. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 33
An OS is a very complex piece of software. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 34
A modern OS may take 1000 programmers over 10 years to design and build. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 35
Most Important Parts of an OS 1. User Interfaces 2. Application Management 3. File Systems 4. Networking 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 36
Which of the following is different from the rest? a. Windows 7 b. Windows XP c. Linux d. Mac OS X e. Adobe Photoshop 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 37
Which is not a function of an OS? a. printing b. networking c. gaming d. managing user data e. connecting to mouse/keyboard 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 38
What is a File System? 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 39
A File System is an organizer of our secondary storage. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 40
Every computer has primary storage called Random Access Memory (or RAM). 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 41
RAM Modules (for Personal Computer) 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 42
RAM Modules (for Personal Computer) (for laptop) 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 43
Today, the size of RAM typically ranges from 1GB to 8GB. RAM costs about $10 per GB. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 44
We need RAM to run applications, the more the better. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 45
When a computer shuts down, the content of RAM disappears. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 46
RAM needs electrical power to keep its content. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 47
RAM is relatively expensive; most computers have limited amount. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 48
In order to store massive amount of data, we need secondary storage. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 49
Secondary Storage: a Hard Drive 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 50
A hard disk ranges from 500GB to 2TB, and costs $0.1 per GB. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 51
Windows Hard Drives 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 52
OS X Hard Drives 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 53
Data stored on a hard drive is permanent; they don t disappear without electrical power. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 54
RAM is about 100X more expensive than a hard drive; but, it is 1 million times faster! 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 55
A 500GB HD can store 100,000 JPEG images, 150,000 MP3 songs, or 500 hours of digital videos. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 56
A File System helps us organize our data files, e.g., documents, music, videos, pictures, applications, etc. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 57
Common File Systems Every computer comes with an OS and a hard drive preinstalled. On Windows, the default file system is called NTFS (New Technology File System) or FAT. On OS X, the default file system is called HFS+ (Hierarchical File System Plus), or Mac OS Extended. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 58
Formatting a new Hard Drive A new hard drive must be formatted before it can be used. Formatting a hard drive means setting up a new File System by erasing all its data. Today, most new hard drives will be preformatted with either Windows or Apple OS X File Systems. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 59
Formatting in Windows right click on a drive 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 60
Formatting in OS X 2014-07-14 OS M. Cheng, X Disk Computer Utility Science 61
Which is not a File System? a. FAT b. NTFS c. HFS+ d. FAT32 e. OS X 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 62
A File System contains Files and Folders (or Directories). 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 63
Files & Folders in Windows Folders Files 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 64
Each file/folder has access permissions, i.e., who owns it, and who is allowed to read, write, execute, or modify. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 65
Permissions in Windows A Folder A File 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 66
Files & Folders in OS X 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 67
Permissions in OS X A Folder A File 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 68
Window Pathnames Each file/folder has a unique pathname, which is the path from the top to itself. For example, the pathname C:\Users\Mantis\Desktop\Computer Fundamentals is a path for the folder Computer Fundamentals starting from the top C:\ 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 69
Windows Pathnames C:\Users\Mantis\Desktop\Computer Fundamentals 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 70
OS X Pathnames Each file/folder has a unique pathname, which is the path from the top to itself. For example, the pathname Macintosh HD/Users/mcheng/My Work/Teaching/100/spring.2013 is a path for the folder spring.2013 starting from the top Macintosh HD 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 71
OS X Pathnames Macintosh HD/Users/mcheng/My Work/Teaching/100/spring.2013 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 72
Multitasking 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 73
A modern OS can run several applications at once. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 74
Time Multiplexing 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 75
Multitasking uses timemultiplexing to run multiple applications at the same time. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 76
Windows Task Manager 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 77
OS X Activity Monitor 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 78
The End. 2014-07-14 M. Cheng, Computer Science 79