Introduction Assessment Test xix xxxi Chapter 1 Understanding Basic Networking 1 First Things First: What s a Network? 2 The Local Area Network (LAN) 3 Common Network Components 5 Workstations 5 Wide Area Network (WAN) 7 Network Architecture: Peer-to-Peer or Client/Server? 9 Physical Network Topologies 11 Bus Topology 11 Star and Extended-Star Topology 12 Ring Topology 14 Mesh Topology 15 Point-to-Point Topology 16 Point-to-Multipoint Topology 17 Hybrid Topology 18 Topology Selection, Backbones, and Segments 19 Selecting the Right Topology 19 Summary 20 Exam Essentials 21 Written Lab 22 Written Lab 1: LAN Topologies 22 Review Questions 23 Chapter 2 Internetworking 27 Internetworking Basics 28 Internetworking Models 35 The Layered Approach 35 Advantages of Reference Models 36 The OSI Reference Model 36 The Application Layer 38 The Presentation Layer 39 The Session Layer 39 The Transport Layer 40 The Network Layer 46 The Data Link Layer 48 The Physical Layer 50 COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
xii Summary 52 Exam Essentials 52 Written Labs 54 Written Lab 2.1: OSI Questions 54 Written Lab 2.2: Defining the OSI Layers and Devices 55 Written Lab 2.3: Identifying Collision and Broadcast Domains 56 Review Questions 57 Chapter 3 Ethernet Technologies 61 Ethernet Networks in Review 62 Collision Domain 63 Broadcast Domain 63 CSMA/CD 63 Half- and Full-Duplex Ethernet 65 Ethernet at the Data Link Layer 66 Ethernet at the Physical Layer 75 Ethernet Cabling 80 Straight-Through Cable 80 Crossover Cable 81 Rolled Cable 81 Data Encapsulation 85 Summary 89 Exam Essentials 89 Written Labs 91 Written Lab 3.1: Binary/Decimal/Hexadecimal Conversion 91 Written Lab 3.2: CSMA/CD Operations 94 Written Lab 3.3: Cabling 94 Written Lab 3.4: Encapsulation 95 Review Questions 96 Chapter 4 TCP/IP DoD model 101 Introducing TCP/IP 102 A Brief History of TCP/IP 102 TCP/IP and the DoD Model 103 The Process/Application Layer Protocols 105 The Host-to-Host Layer Protocols 112 The Internet Layer Protocols 121 Summary 131 Exam Essentials 131 Written Lab 133 Written Lab 4: Internet Protocol (IP) Stack 133 Review Questions 134
xiii Chapter 5 IP Addressing 139 IPv4 Addressing 140 IP Terminology 140 The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme 141 Private IP Addresses (RFC 1918) 146 IPv4 Address Types 148 Layer 2 Broadcasts 149 Layer 3 Broadcasts 149 Unicast Address 149 Multicast Address 149 IPv6 Addressing 150 Why Do We Need IPv6? 150 The Benefits and Uses of IPv6 151 IPv6 Addressing and Expressions 152 Address Types 154 Summary 155 Exam Essentials 156 Written Labs 157 Written Lab 5: TCP/IP 157 Review Questions 158 Chapter 6 Easy Subnetting 163 Subnetting Basics 164 IP Subnet-Zero 165 How to Create Subnets 165 Subnet Masks 167 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) 167 Subnetting Class C Addresses 169 Subnetting Class B Addresses 178 Subnetting Class A Addresses 185 Summary 188 Exam Essentials 189 Written Labs 190 Written Lab 6.1: Written Subnet Practice #1 190 Written Lab 6.2: Written Subnet Practice #2 190 Written Lab 6.3: Written Subnet Practice #3 191 Review Questions 192 Chapter 7 Introduction to Nexus 199 NX-OS Hardware 200 SFP+ Transceivers 200 Console Port 202 Management Ports 202
xiv L1/L2 Ports 203 Ethernet Port Names 203 Expansion Modules 203 Unified Ports 204 NX-OS Software Overview 205 NX-OS Architecture 205 Process Recovery 206 Conditional Services 208 Virtualizing the Network 210 Virtualizing Layer 2 Networks 210 Virtualizing Interswitch Links 211 Virtualizing Layer 3 Interfaces 212 Virtualizing Routing Tables 213 Virtualizing Devices 215 Virtualizing Everything 216 Summary 216 Exam Essentials 216 Written Labs 218 Written Lab 7.1: Ports 218 Written Lab 7.2: Virtualization 218 Written Lab 7.3: Layers 218 Written Lab 7.4: Nexus 1000V 219 Written Lab 7.5: VRF and VDC 219 Review Questions 220 Chapter 8 Configuring Nexus 223 The NX-OS User Interface 225 Connecting to a Nexus Device 225 Bringing Up a NX-OS Device 226 Command-Line Interface 228 Entering the CLI 228 Overview of NX-OS Modes 230 CLI Prompts 230 Editing and Help Features 233 Gathering Basic Information 237 Administrative Configurations 239 Hostnames 240 Setting Usernames and Passwords 240 Descriptions 243 Device Interfaces 244 Bringing Up an Interface 246 Creating an Switched Virtual Interface 248 Switchport Settings 249
xv Viewing, Saving, and Erasing Configurations 251 Deleting the Configuration and Reloading the Device 253 Verifying Your Configuration 253 Summary 262 Exam Essentials 262 Written Lab 8.1 264 Hands-on Labs 264 Hands-on Lab 8.1: Erasing an Existing Configuration 264 Hands-on Lab 8.2: Exploring User Exec and Configuration Modes 265 Hands-on Lab 8.3: Using the Help and Editing Features 265 Hands-on Lab 8.4: Saving a NX-OS Configuration 266 Hands-on Lab 8.5: Setting the Hostname, Descriptions, and IP Address 267 Review Questions 268 Chapter 9 IP Routing 273 Routing Basics 274 The IP Routing Process 278 Testing Your IP Routing Understanding 284 Summary 288 Exam Essentials 288 Written Lab 9 290 Review Questions 291 Chapter 10 Routing Protocols 295 Dynamic Routing 296 Routing Protocol Basics 297 Distance-Vector Routing Protocols 299 Routing Information Protocol 299 EIGRP Features and Operation 301 Neighbor Discovery 302 Route Discovery and Maintenance 305 Open Shortest Path First Basics 306 OSPF Terminology 308 Configuring Routing Protocols 311 Static Routes 312 RIP 313 EIGRP 315 OSPF 317 Summary 319 Exam Essentials 320 Written Lab 10 322
xvi Hands-on Labs 10 322 Hands-on Lab 10.1: Setting Up Ports for Labs 323 Hands-on Lab 10.2: Configuring Static Routing 324 Hands-on Lab 10.3: Configuring RIP Routing 326 Hands-on Lab 10.4: Configuring EIGRP Routing 328 Hands-on Lab 10.5: Configuring OSPF Routing 330 Review Questions 332 Chapter 11 Layer 2 Switching Technologies 337 Switching Services 338 Limitations of Layer 2 Switching 339 Bridging vs. LAN Switching 339 The Key Three: Switch Functions at Layer 2 340 VLAN Basics 343 Broadcast Control 345 Security 345 Flexibility and Scalability 346 Identifying VLANs 349 Frame Tagging 350 VLAN Identification Methods 351 VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) 352 VTP Modes of Operation 354 Where Did I Get My VLAN and VTP Database? 356 Configuring VLANs, VTP, and IVR 358 Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs 361 Configuring Trunk Ports 361 Configuring VTP 365 Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing 367 Summary 370 Exam Essentials 370 Written Lab 11 372 Hands-on Labs 11 372 Hands-on Lab 11.1: Creating VLANs 372 Hands-on Lab 11.2: Verifying VLANs 373 Hands-on Lab 11.3: Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs 374 Hands-on Lab 11.4: Creating and Verifying Trunk Links 375 Review Questions 377 Chapter 12 Redundant Switched Technologies 383 Spanning Tree Protocol 384 Loop Avoidance 384 Spanning Tree Terms 386 Spanning Tree Operations 387 Configuring Spanning Tree on Nexus 399
xvii LAN Port Channels 401 Configuring and Verifying Port Channels 402 Summary 406 Exam Essentials 406 Written Lab 12 406 Hands-on Lab 12 407 Review Questions 411 Chapter 13 Security 415 Introduction to Access Lists 416 Mitigating Security Issues with ACLs 419 Wildcard Masking 420 Extended Access Lists 422 Extended Access List Example 426 Named ACLs 427 Configure Session 431 Object Groups 432 Summary 434 Exam Essentials 435 Written Lab 13 436 Hands-on Lab 436 Hands-on Lab 13.1: NX-OS IP Access Lists 436 Review Questions 440 Appendix A Answers to Written Labs 445 Chapter 1: Understanding Basic Networking 446 Answers to Written Lab 1 446 Chapter 2: Internetworking 446 Answers to Written Lab 2.1 446 Answers to Written Lab 2.2 447 Answers to Written Lab 2.3 448 Chapter 3: Ethernet Technologies 448 Answers to Written Lab 3.1 448 Answers to Written Lab 3.2 451 Answers to Written Lab 3.3 451 Answers to Written Lab 3.4 452 Chapter 4: TCP/IP DoD Model 452 Chapter 5: IP Adressing 453 Chapter 6: Easy Subnetting 453 Answers to Written Lab 6.1 453 Answers to Written Lab 6.2 454 Answers to Written Lab 6.3 455
xviii Chapter 7: Introduction to Nexus 455 Answers to Written Lab 7.1 455 Answers to Written Lab 7.2 455 Answers to Written Lab 7.3 456 Answers to Written Lab 7.4 456 Answers to Written Lab 7.5 456 Chapter 8: Configuring Nexus 456 Chapter 9: IP Routing 457 Answers to Written Lab 9 457 Chapter 10: Routing Protocols 457 Chapter 11: Layer 2 Switching Technologies 457 Chapter 12: Redundant Switched Technologies 458 Chapter 13: Security 458 Appendix B Answers to Review Questions 459 Chapter 1: Understanding Basic Networking 460 Chapter 2: Internetworking 461 Chapter 3: Ethernet Technologies 463 Chapter 4: TCP/IP DoD Model 464 Chapter 5: IP Addressing 466 Chapter 6: Easy Subnetting 467 Chapter 7: Introduction to Nexus 469 Chapter 8: Configuring Nexus 471 Chapter 9: IP Routing 474 Chapter 10: Routing Protocols 475 Chapter 11: Layer 2 Switching Technologies 476 Chapter 12: Redundant Switched Technologies 478 Chapter 13: Security 479 Appendix C About the Additional Study Tools 481 Additional Study Tools 482 Sybex Test Engine 482 Electronic Flashcards 482 Nexus Simulator 482 PDF of Glossary of Terms 482 Adobe Reader 482 System Requirements 483 Using the Study Tools 483 Troubleshooting 483 Customer Care 484 Index 485