IOT Technologies and Design

IOT Technologies and Design

IOT Market

Bluetooth Devices Blue tooth Based low energy devices (Personal devices) The devices are mobile Connected with the phone Examples: key tracker (tile, nut, etc.) fitness band, Bluetooth watch LTE-connection Cloud computing and storage keeps track of the account profile, location, security etc. Bluetooth

Smart Home Devices Connectivity WiFi/Cloud based devices These devices are not mobile Examples: Door bell(ring), LTE-Conection Nest Learning Thermostat Wifi smart power plug Wifi Garage door opener Internet Wifi

LPWAN(NB-IOT/Sigfox/LoraWan) 3 competing Technologies: LTE CAT M, LTE NB Lora Sigfox Provides Low Power Wan Connectivity Examples: Luggage tracker (Using LTE-cat M1, or LTE NB) Pet Tracker Utilities/Automated Meter Reading/Smart Grids Asset Tracking Elderly Tracker

Satellite Communication Satellite communication Services (Global Satellite/GPS) Players: Globalstar, Iridium, Satcom Direct, etc. Asset tracking

LTE CAT M vs.nb-iot LTE CAT M LTE - NB Coverage 20 Km 20 km Frequency LTE Band (12, 13, 14 low frequency band) Same Signal Bandwidth 1.08Mhz 180 to 200 KHz Targeted Batter Life 10 years 10 20 years Data Rate 1Mbps (OTA support) 200Kbps Region North America Asian/Europe Cost High Low Note: The major difference between LTE CAT M and LTE-NB is the data rate. The LTE CAT M has higher throughput, which make the OTA (Over The Air software update) possible. The cost is the bandwidth (translate into subscription cost) and battery life

LoRaWAN and Sigfox LoRaWan Sigfox Coverage 15-20km 30km Frequency 868hz & 915Mhz unlicensed Same Signal bandwith 125Khz 0.1Khz Date Rate 10Kbps 100bps Target Battery life 10-20 Years 10-20 Years cost Relatively High Low LoRa is a proprietary modulation system sold by Semtech corporation. They are defacto the only chipset manufacturer or license holder for LoRa. Sigfox is a startup and provides endend serivces (both end user chip set and backbone services).

Put it together

IOT Design Consideration 1. Technologies Bluetooth, BLE, Zigbee, Wifi 2.4/5G, LPWan(NB-IOT, LoRa, Sigfox), Satellite Connectivity (Globalstar, Iridium, OrbComm), GPS positioning, etc. 2. Cost Control and Time to Market 3. Chip Vendor Selection (A good/detailed evaluation will save you months or years of extra effort) Make sure your chip vendor is widely supported. Performance trade-offs: Processor/Memory/cost/power/realstate 4. Antenna Performance vs. size, cost 5. FCC/IC/CE/PTCRB should be controlled from the beginning of the design. 6. Testing, Manufacturing and Quality Control

Technology and Vendors Bluetooth Classic Bluetooth V3.X, constant connection with medium throughput, mostly used for audio/headset. Bluetooth low energy V4.X, duty-cycled connection, low power/low data rate. Widely used for smart watch, waist band, etc. Major Vendors: Qualcomm (CSR), TI, Mediatek, Dialog Semi, Nordic, Cypress, etc. Module Vendors: Murata, etc. (Save the FCC test) WIFI TI, Marvell, Cypress, Intel, Gainspan, MediaTek, Microchip, Qualcomm (NXP, Atheros, CSR), Radpine, STMicro, Module Vendors: Murata, etc. GPS Ublox, STMicro, MediaTek, SiRF, Intel, Qualcomm

Technology and Vendors LTE M1/NB Chip Vendor: Qualcomm, Intel, Huawei, etc. Module Vendor: Sierra Wireless, Telit, Gemoalto, Ublox, Quectel, etc. LoRaWAN & sigfox LoRaWAN: Semtech European IP LoRa Alliance LoRaWAN spec. Sigfox is a startup with a lower data rate, technologies, Satellite: Globalstar, Iridium, Satcom Direct, etc.

Antenna Antenna is the key. The IOT use different antennas at different frequency WIFI: 2400-2480Mhz/5.0-6.0Ghz Bluetooth: 2400-2480Mhz GPS/GLONAS: 1575.24±5Mhz/1602±5Mhz LoRaWAN/Sigfox: 900Mhz ISM band LTE CAT M1/NB: LTE band 2,4,13, for Verizon, 2,4,12, for AT&T etc. Which is corresponding 1600Mhz 2300Mhz & 698Mhz 900Mhz range. Antenna has to be purchased/designed with tradeoffs in mind Frequency, Bandwidth/efficiency and Size

Antenna Parameters 1. Frequency and Bandwidth 2. Return loss (SWR) 3. Efficiency 4. Directivity (Omni-directional) 5. Polarity

JWC Technologies - Antenna Vendor www.jwctech.com Best in-class (Performance/cost) Free tuning services Flextronics preferred vendor. Product line GPS/GLONAS: WIFI/Bluetooth, LoRaWan/Sigfox/ERT Radio GSM/LTE VHF/UHF Automotive Antennas

FCC/IC/CE Regulatory Testing FCC Part 15. Subpart B. Un-intentional Radiator. - Class A: Commercial - Class B: Residential - Need to take into consideration in the beginning of design FCC Part 15. Subpart C. Intentional Radiator. - In the unlicensed band 900Mhz, 2.4G, etc. - With low power FCC Part 1, Subpart I (CRF1.1310) SAR limit (Specific Absorption Rate) if the device is <20cm from human boday max 1.6W/Kg averaged over 1 gram cube Modular Approval use pre-approved module to start with (Murata offers pre-approved bluetooth, WIFI modules).

Network Certification for GSM/LTE Network Certification is enforced by carrier such as AT&T, Verison, T-mobile. PTCRB (PCS Type Certification Review Board ): AT&T, T-mobile Verizon ODI (Open Developer Initiative) Global Certification Forum (GCF): International CTIA OTA: Reference Standard. Network Certificatoin consists of OTA, RSE(Radio Spurious Emission) and SIM. The challenging part is the OTA: TRP (total radiated power): validate the performance of the cellular transmitter and antenna integration. TIS (Total Isotropic Sensitivity): validate the performance of the cellular receiver and antenna integration. LTE BAND 13 frequency 778.58 782 785.42 channel 23230 23230 23230 UL RB Allocation 12RBstart=0 12RBstart=19 12RBstart=38 TRP (dbm) 22.06 22.41 22.41 NHPRP ±Pi/4 (dbm) 20.10 20.51 20.58 NHPRP ±Pi/6 (dbm) 18.33 18.77 18.87 > 18dBm Required by Verizon Main Ant frequency 751 channel 5230 DL RB Allocation 50RBstart=0 UL RB Allocation 15RBstart=0 TIS (dbm) -94.43 NHPIS ±Pi/4 (dbm) -92.99 NHPIS ±Pi/6 (dbm) -91.52 < -91dBm Required by Verizon Diversity Ant frequency 751 channel 5230 DL RB Allocation 50RBstart=0 UL RB Allocation 15RBstart=0 TIS (dbm) -96.53 NHPIS ±Pi/4 (dbm) NHPIS ±Pi/6 (dbm) < -88dBm Required by Verizon