Static var compensator (SVC) applications for improving transmission system performance

ABB Automation & Power World: April 18-21, 2011 WPS-141-1B Static var compensator (SVC) applications for improving transmission system performance ABB Inc. April 21, 2011 Slide 1

WCS-120-1 Static Var Compensator Applications Agenda Introduction & FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) Overview System Study Consideration Steady State vs Dynamic SVC Technology Overview & Applications Brian Scott Sales Mgr FACTS US, ABB Inc. Raleigh, NC ABB Inc. April 21, 2011 Slide 2

Your safety is important to us Please be aware of these emergency procedures In the event of an emergency please dial ext. 55555 from any house phone. Do not dial 9-1-1. In the event of an alarm, please proceed carefully to the nearest exit. Emergency exits are clearly marked throughout the hotel and convention center. Use the stairwells to evacuate the building and do not attempt to use the elevators. Hotel associates will be located throughout the public space to assist in directing guests toward the closest exit. Any guest requiring assistance during an evacuation should dial 0 from any house phone and notify the operator of their location. Do not re-enter the building until advised by hotel personnel or an all clear announcement is made. ABB Inc. April 21, 2011 Slide 3

Your safety is important to us Convention Center exits in case of an emergency Know your surroundings: Identify the meeting room your workshop is being held in Locate the nearest exit ABB Inc. April 21, 2011 Slide 4

FACTS Portfolio Two main areas Flexible AC Transmission Systems Shunt Compensation SVC STATCOM (SVC Light) Battery Energy Storage Series Compensation Fixed Controllable April 21, 2011 Slide 8

Typical Drivers for Dynamic Reactive Support (FACTS) Support Load Centers Importing Remote Generation Provides Stability During Dynamic Events Retire RMR or High Emission Generation Improve Power Quality & Mitigate Flicker Replace Synchronous Condensers Increase Transmission Capacity Power Oscillation Damping Phase Unbalance Control Improve Grid Reliability Voltage Recovery Voltage Profile FACTS Offers a Toolbox of Solutions for Transmission Challenges April 21, 2011 Slide 9

FACTS in Brief Static Var Compensator (SVC) First units installed: Mid 1970 s ABB Installations: More than 400 globally Simplified: Variable Shunt Impedance Technology: Fixed Capacitors (Filters), TCR/TSR, TSC Static Compensator (STATCOM) / SVC Light First units installed: 1990 s Simplified: Variable Voltage Source Technology: VSC (Voltage Source Converter) Series Capacitor (SC) First units installed: 1950 ABB Installations: More than 400 globally Simplified: Offset s inductance of line to appear shorter Technology: Fixed, Staged/Stepped, Thyristor Controlled April 21, 2011 Slide 10

SVC Demo April 21, 2011 Slide 11

Reactive Power SVC vs. Shunt Capacitors OPERATION SVC MSC Switch-in Time At most 3 ms ~50-200 ms Discharge Time None needed 5 15 min Point of Wave Any zero crossing desired Control Type Continuous Stepwise SVC +MVAR SVC MSC MSC - MVAR April 21, 2011 Slide 12

Voltage (pu) SVC Vs. MSC Practical Operation 50 MVAR MSC Step Systems heavily compensated with shunt capacitor banks are more sensitive to changes in reactive power 1.0 SVC s can provide continuous range, therefore limiting the effects of capacitor bank switching For this reason, using an SVC to automatically control MSC banks can be very effective. MSC Operation SVC Operation Load (MW) April 21, 2011 Slide 13

SVC Design Studies Specification Development SVC sizing studies Steady state load flow studies Different load levels and generation scenarios, voltage profiles Short circuit levels Dynamic Studies Post contingency behavior Load modeling important, ie fraction of motor load Requirements on SVC control response Harmonic impedance study Background harmonics (measurement) Power oscillation damping requirements April 21, 2011 Slide 14

Example Simulation Dynamic vs. Steady State Vars Following Contingencies Single Phase Fault Dynamic Compensation Induction motor loads April 21, 2011 Slide 15

SVC & SVC Light Building Blocks VSC Classical switched and continuous phase control SVC Light STATCOM Continuous control TCR: Thyristor Controlled Reactor TSR: Thyristor Switched Reactor TSC: Thyristor Switched Capacitor FC: Fixed/Filter Capacitor VSC: Voltage Source Converter April 21, 2011 Slide 16

Thyristor Switched Capacitor Vp 90º t L I Capacitor bank including currentlimiting reactor Vc Vc t Vp Th1 Th2 t Thyristor Valve I FP t April 21, 2011 Slide 17

TCR Harmonics & Filters HV bus HV bus Y/d Y/d MV SVC bus MV SVC bus In In TCR TCR Filter banks April 21, 2011 Slide 18

Thyristor Controlled Reactor I Reactor Vp Vp 150º 120º Vp 90º Vp t t t Vp L Th1 VL Th2 Controlled Susceptance VL VL VL I t t t t I I I t Thyristor Valve 90º t t t April 21, 2011 Slide 19

Drivers for the Tucson Electric Power SVC Problem: Potential for voltage collapse, especially during warm summer months Causes: High concentration of air conditioning motor loads Heavy loading conditions Minimal local generation Outages of critical EHV infrastructure Solution:* 138 kv, -75 / +200 Mvar Static Var Compensator (SVC) Commissioned Summer of 2008 April 21, 2011 Slide 20 * Identified in previous white paper: Pourbeik, A. Meyer, and M. A. Tilford, "Solving a Potential Voltage Stability Problem with the Application of a Static VAr Compensator", Proceedings of the IEEE PES General Meeting, June 2007, Tampa, FL.

Drivers for the Tucson Electric Power SVC Problem: Potential for voltage collapse, especially during warm summer months Causes: High concentration of air conditioning motor loads Heavy loading conditions Minimal local generation Outages of critical EHV infrastructure Solution:* 138 kv, -75 / +200 Mvar Static Var Compensator (SVC) Commissioned Summer of 2008 April 21, 2011 Slide 21 * Identified in previous white paper: Pourbeik, A. Meyer, and M. A. Tilford, "Solving a Potential Voltage Stability Problem with the Application of a Static VAr Compensator", Proceedings of the IEEE PES General Meeting, June 2007, Tampa, FL.

Local TEP 138 kv System Reason For Chosen Location: Proximity to city of Tucson Multiple lines converge Cost optimal location considering Required SVC size Available footprint Available connection points April 21, 2011 Slide 22

TEP SVC Single Line Diagram 138kV Bus CB 19kV SVC Bus R R R TCR 135 Mvar* TSC 140 Mvar* 3 rd Harmonic 5 th Harmonic 7 th Harmonic 60 Mvar of Filters April 21, 2011 Slide 24 TCR: Thyristor Controlled Reactor TSC: Thyristor Switched Capacitor

SVC Layout April 21, 2011 Slide 25

Control of Mechanically Switched Capacitor Banks 138CS167X 138CS168X CB 138C167 CB 138C168 slope Vbus SVC/MSC Control Vref 138J168A 138J168B 138J168C 138J168D CS CS CS CS MSCs MSC s ~50 Mvar each 2 MSC s always reserved for contingency operation If the wide dead band is exceeded for a short time, an MSC will be switched If the narrow dead band is exceeded for a longer time, an MSC will be switched TCR TSC Filter Banks -75 / +200 Mvar Dead Band Fast Strategy Dead Band Slow Strategy SSOP 120 s 250ms April 21, 2011 Slide 26-0.75-0.50 0 0.50 1.0 1.5 inductive capacitive 2.0 Bsvc [p.u.]

BREF [pu] Q_SVC [pu] UP1_A [pu] UP1_B [pu] UP1_C [pu] 138 kv Phase to Phase Fault SVC Transient Fault Recorder 1 File: CNT TUCSON SVC 1 20090530 14;58;35_917000.CFG System Voltage 0.5 0-0.5-1 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 3 SVC Mvar Output 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 2 Suseptance Reference 1.5 1 0.5 April 21, 2011 Slide 28 0 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 Time [s]

ITCR21_AB [pu] I_TSC21_AB [pu] BREF [pu] Q_SVC [pu] VRESP [pu] VREF_SVC [pu] 138 kv Phase to Phase Fault SVC Transient Fault Recorder File: CNT TUCSON SVC 2 20090530 14;58;35_907000.CFG System Voltage 1 0.8 0.6 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 3 SVC Mvar Output 2 1 0-1 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Suseptance Reference 3 2 1 0-1 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 MSC #1 MSC #3 MSC-C1.138J168A_IX MSC-C3.138J168C_IX 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 I TCR I TSC 1.5 1 0.5 0 April 21, 2011 Slide 29 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Time [s]

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Predicted SVC Sound Propagation April 21, 2011 Slide 33

ABB SVC & STATCOM Utility Installations in the US Golden Valley Electric Authority Jarvis Creek -9/+35 Mvar; 138 kv Bonneville Power Maple Valley -40/+70 Mvar; 115 kv Keeler -300/+300 Mvar; 230 kv PG&E Humboldt -25/+50 Mvar; 60 kv Potrero -100/+240 Mvar; 115 kv Newark -100/+240 Mvar; 230 kv April 21, 2011 Slide 34 Alaska Energy Authority Soldotna -40/+70 Mvar; 115 kv Daves Creek -10/+25 Mvar; 115 kv LANL Los Alamos -50/+100 Mvar; 115 kv Tucson Electric Power Tucson -75/+200 Mvar; 138 kv XCEL Energy Tuco -50/+150 Mvar; 230 kv Kansas Gas & Electric Gordon Evans 0/+300 Mvar; 138 kv Murray Gill 25/+200 Mvar; 138 kv AEP West Bluff Creek -40/+50 Mvar; 35kV Crane (Odessa) -40/+50 Mvar; 69 kv Eagle Pass STATCOM Back-to-Back 2 x +/- 36 MVA Dilly (Laredo) -40/+50 Mvar, 69 kv Airline (Corpus Christi) -40/+50 Mvar, 69kV WAPA Fargo -45/+22 Mvar; 14kV Austin Energy Holly STATCOM +/- 95 MVAr NSP Forbes -110/+150 Mvar (Cont.) -450/+400 Mvar (10 Sec.) 500 kv Oncor Parkdale x2-256/+300 Mvar; 138kV Renner x2-256/+300 Mvar; 138kV Am. El. Power Beaver Creek -125/+125 Mvar; 138 kv Allegany Power ** Black Oak -100/+575 Mvar; 500 kv Maine Electric Power Chester -140/+425 Mvar; 345 kv Niagra Mohawk Leeds -300/+270 Mvar; 345 kv NSTAR Barnstable -0/+200; 138 kv Jersey Central Atlantic City -130/+260 Mvar; 230 kv PHI Dennis -100/+150 Mvar; 230kV Cardiff -100/+150 Mvar; 230 kv Indian River -100/+150 Mvar; 230kV Nelson -100/+150 Mvar, 138 kv Virginia Power Colington -30/+78 Mvar; 115 kv Duke Power Beckerdite -100/+300 Mvar; 100 kv NYSEG Fraser -300/+325 (Upgrade); 345 kv

AEP Direct Connect - Single Line Diagram AEP, Texas Benefits Reduced Losses Smaller Footprint Reduced Delivery Time Reduced Maintenance Costs Reduced Equipment Delivery Risk Higher availability/reliability (w/o spare transformer) 69 kv Bus Rating: -40/+ 50 MVAr @ 69 kv Rio Pecos Crane TCR 90 MVAr 5 th Harmonic 28 MVAr 7 th Harmonic 12 MVAr 13 th Harmonic 10 MVAr Dilley Airline April 21, 2011 Slide 35

AEP Direct Connect SVC & Static Shunt Device Locations 138 kv 345 kv April 21, 2011 Slide 36

AEP Direct Connect SVC & Static Shunt Device Control Logic April 21, 2011 Slide 37

AEP Direct Connect Site Photos, Texas Inst. Transformers TCR Reactors Harmonic Filters April 21, 2011 Slide 38 Valve Hall / Control Enclosure

AEP Direct Connect Site Photos, Texas Wall Bushing / CT Thyristor Valve Hall Wall Bushings Control Enclosure April 21, 2011 Slide 39

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Reminders Automation & Power World 2011 Please be sure to complete the workshop evaluation Professional Development Hours (PDHs) and Continuing Education Credits (CEUs): You will receive a link via e-mail to print certificates for all the workshops you have attended during Automation & Power World 2011. BE SURE YOU HAVE YOUR BADGE SCANNED for each workshop you attend. If you do not have your badge scanned you will not be able to obtain PDHs or CEUs. ABB Inc. April 21, 2011 Slide 41