XMEGA Series Of AVR Processor Presented by: Manisha Biyani (200601217) Shashank Bolia (200601200
Existing Microcontrollers Problems with 8/16 bit microcontrollers: Old and inefficient architecture. Most were developed before the breakthrough of HLL such as C. CPUs lack 16-bit arithmetic support, conditional jumps and memory pointers. Require several clock cycles per instruction limiting the available MIPS at a given frequency. Lack of support for the large memory sizes required in today s applications.
Existing Microcontrollers Problems with 32 bit Microcontrollers: Increase in speed and reduction in size of digital logic was attained but at a cost of static power consumption. For many critical applications a transition from 8/16 bit to 32-bit is not possible. High cost!!
Why XMEGA? XMEGA Extreme peripherals Exceptional Performance Extended picopower
Why XMEGA? AVR XMEGA includes: 2nd generation of picopower technology Innovative Event System for fast and CPUindependent inter-peripheral communication 100% predictable timing 4-channel DMA Controller boosts MCU performance Memory Lock Bits Fast 12-bit ADC and DAC Fast Cryptography support for AES and DES Availability and Pricing
picopower Technology The XMEGA consumes only 0.35 ma/mhz in active mode and offers true 1.6 V operation including all analog modules, oscillators, and Flash and EEPROM programming. Using the 2nd generation of picopower technology, the XMEGA consumes only 100 na with RAM data retention and wake-up interrupts enabled. When running a real time counter (RTC) from an external 32- khz crystal it consumes an industry low 0.65 µa. XMEGA MCUs run a Real-Time Counter, Watchdog Timer and Brown-out Detector with only 2 μa current consumption. Overall, it cuts power and processing requirement by 98%
Durability of XMEGA Microcontroller
Event System Like a reflex in the human body the innovative XMEGA Event System enables inter-peripheral communication without CPU or DMA usage. Events are routed between peripherals through a dedicated network outside the CPU, data bus and DMA controller. The Event System enables the possibility for a change of state in one peripheral to automatically trigger actions in other peripherals.
Event System Inter-peripheral communication without CPU or DMA usage.
XMEGA Event System Event System avoids latency and saves even more MIPS 8 Event Channels allows for up to 8 signals to be routed at the same time 100% predictable timing between peripherals Useful for real time application
XMEGA Event System CPU active time is reduced by 98%
Direct Memory Access (DMA) The DMA Controller allows high-speed transfers with minimal CPU intervention from one memory area to another from memory area to peripheral from peripheral to memory area from peripheral to another peripheral The four DMA Channels have separate transfer triggers interrupt vectors addressing modes Error Detection: DMA can detect any erroneous data transfer.
Direct Memory Access (DMA) The XMEGA Microcontroller is one of the few 8/16-bit MCUs on the market with DMA The DMA can transmit from1 byte to 16 Mbytes in a single transfer. The large data transfer size is possible due to the simple linear data memory address space in the AVR, and auto increment/decrement and reload features in the DMA controller. By cutting the amount of cycles dedicated to transferring data, the DMA controller has the added benefit of cutting XMEGA power consumption by allowing the CPU to spend more time in sleep mode.
Comparison of UART transfer speeds with and without DMA controller
Comparison of cycle usage time and current consumption in different modes
Direct Memory Access (DMA) CPU usage v/s communication rate with and without DMA
ADC/DAC XMEGA features high-speed two12-bit analog peripherals for high analog accuracy. Capable of up to 2 Msps, XMEGA s ADCs deliver the fastest sample rate and most accurate result compared to conventional MCUs. XMEGA also features two 12-bit digital-to-analog converters (DAC) with up to 1 Msps and four advanced analog comparators, XMEGA microcontrollers have leading analog integration. Hence, integrated 64x gain stage increases the dynamic range to 18-bits.
ADC/DAC Event or Interrupt on conversion complete: This feature will only give interrupts on the conversion complete when the result is below or above a certain limit. So if we are not interested in results above for instance 1V, we will not bother the CPU with them either. The DAC can give two outputs even when only using one module.
Crypto Engine Many wireless applications need secure high bandwidth transmissions. With additional lowpower constraints, software based encryption implementations fail both the bandwidth and the power requirements. AVR XMEGA effectively solves these problems. The XMEGA crypto engine supports both Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Data Encryption Standard (DES).
AES/DES AES uses: 128 byte data block 128 byte key DES uses 8 byte data block 8 byte key AVR XMEGA is the only solution for high bandwidth encrypted data communication in long life battery powered applications, like toll road tags, wireless sensor nodes and ZigBee.
Memory Lock bits Application Section for application code Separate lock bits and protection and lock bits for all section Built in fast CRC check of a selectable flash program memory section Non-volatile Memory(NVM) spaces can be locked for further W and R-W operations. This prevents unrestricted access to the application software.
Compatibility 100% pin- and code-compatible All AVR XMEGA MCUs are pin- and 100% code-compatible across all devices. With XMEGA developers only need to keep and maintain one code base that can be used and re-used across multiple projects. XMEGA uses the same instruction set as existing AVR products, and code can easily be reused Compilers and development tools platforms are same for all AVR Microcontrollers
Compatibility
Applications AVR XMEGA microcontrollers are the perfect solution for a wide range of applications: Industrial control ZigBee HVAC Optical transceivers Climate control Power tools Wireless encryption Medical applications Hand-held battery Sensors Networking Alarm systems
Applications Extensive peripherals on the XMEGA microcontrollers support sensor-rich, communication-intensive, real-time applications Many of the wireless applications we are using are prone to poachers. Any adversary can read and modify the data that is transferred through this wireless stream. Now XMEGA provides an extra layer of encryption which helps in preventing the malicious access to the data. Time critical real-time and interrupt driven applications become safer, more responsive, and predictable with XMEGA. With multiple time bases, extreme communication bandwidth and special features like Cryptography support, XMEGA is number one for demanding 8- and 16-bit embedded applications. At the same time XMEGA s 2nd generation picopower technology is the best choice for battery operated and energy critical applications.
From the Makers of XMEGA It is a great advantage for most 8- and 16-bit applications to avoid moving to a 32-bit MCU. By adding innovative features and high-end peripherals, and conserving CPU cycles, the XMEGA 8/16-bit MCU achieves the necessary system performance while preserving low power characteristics and user friendliness... We realized, after looking at a wide range of customer designs, that the majority of CPU cycles are spent handling interrupts and moving data. This realization meant that there was great potential to free up a significant amount of processing power by simply rethinking how various events are handled in the MCU. XMEGA micro-controllers are designed to revolutionize system performance, with lower power consumption.
References XMEGA Microcontroller manual http://www.atmel.com/products/avr/default_xmeg a.asp?source=ece_xmega http://ece-news.stcd.de/microsite/atmel/xmega.html http://embedded-system.net/atmel-avr-xmegamicrocontrollers.html