Electric Transmission and Distribution Future R&D Needs Planning, Operation, Control, and Visualization The Center for Advanced Power Systems Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida February 1, 2006 Presented by: Vikram Budhraja President, Electric Power Group Chair, Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions
Discussion Outline CERTS Introduction Research Drivers and Focus Changing Research Needs Transmission Grid Monitoring & Visualization Research Needs Evolving Research Needs Example of Phasor Technology Operational Consolidation and Wide-Area Reliability Visualization Solution for Reliability Coordinators -- Example Long Term Grid Research Framework Page 1
Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) CERTS was organized in 1999 as a partnership among universities, the private sector, and Department of Energy national labs. Consortium includes four labs (Lawrence Berkeley, Oak Ridge, Sandia, Pacific Northwest), Power Systems Engineering Research Center (consortium of 13 universities), and Electric Power Group. CERTS Industry Advisory Board includes ISOs, utilities, regulators, generators. CERTS research leverages public and private resources, including funding by the Department of Energy, Transmission Reliability Program, and the California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program. CERTS research is focused on addressing gaps in tools, technologies, systems, market rules, and management processes needed to manage the reliability of the electric grid and efficient market operations. Page 2
Research Drivers and Focus INDUSTRY STRUCTURE Disaggregation of Utility Functions Formation of ISOs/RTOs Formation of ERO RESEARCH FOCUS Local vs. Wide Area Models vs. Measurement Command and Control vs. Market Analog vs. Digital Low vs. High Resolution Data X-Ray vs. MRI TECHNOLOGY CHANGES Computers Communications Internet Visualization GPS Timing COMPETITIVE MARKETS Energy Ancillary Services Capacity LMP Reliability through Markets Page 3
Changing Research Needs Research Area PLANNING Deterministic Static Offline Engineering Data Probabilistic Dynamic Integrate Real Time Data OPERATIONS CONTROL/ PROTECTION VISUALIZATION SCADA Data State Estimation Economic Dispatch Local Central Mechanical Analog Local Area Line Diagrams Tabular Data Phasor Data State Measurement Market Dispatch Wide Area/RAS Distributed Electronic/Silicon Digital Wide Area Graphic, Geographic, Real Time: Monitor Track Analyze Alarm Notify Page 4
Transmission Grid Monitoring and Visualization Research Needs DATA METRICS MODELS VISUALIZATION APPLICATIONS Networking Quality Security Storage Access Archiving Retrieval Interconnection Performance Risk-Based Tracking Measured System State Wide-Area Voltage Assessment Probabilistic Risk Analysis Wide-Area Architecture Human Factors Display Design Monitor Track Analyze Alarm Wide-Area Monitoring Reliability, Security, Markets Standards Compliance Real-Time Wide- Area Control, Protection, and Alarming Notify Nomograms/RAS Situational Awareness Interconnection Dynamics Page 5
Evolving Research Needs Example of Phasor Technology Wide-Area Measurement Systems - WAMS Wide-Area Data Networking Wide Area Monitoring Phasor-Based Applications Visualization Monitoring Control/Protection Alarming Disturbance Analysis Forensic Analysis System Dynamics State Estimation 80 s 90 s-2000 2000-2010 2006 Page 6
EIPP Participants Utilities, RTOs, Transco s, Researchers, Vendors DOE and CERTS Initiated EIPP in 2002 August 2003 Blackout Highlighted Need BCH Manitoba Hydro BPA 50 PMUs and 7 PDCs in Place PG&E CAISO Initial Network SCE of 21 PMUs Operational TVA Data Host WAPA SRP Hydro Quebec NYISOISO-NE ATC HydroOne Keyspan NYPA ITC ConEd Exelon First Energy A PPL PJM MISO Cinergy E Trans Elect Grid America Ameren P Progress Duke TVA Southern Entergy FPL Page 7
Operational Consolidation and Changing Focus From Local to Wide-Area 2000-152 Operational Jurisdictions (Control Areas) 2003 17 Wide-Area Reliability Coordinators 2006 8 Wide-Area Reliability Regions Page 8
Visualization Solution for Reliability Coordinators -- Example Panel 2: 2D-Plot with BAAL Violation (Last 30-Minute of CPS1) for Control Areas of Selected Jurisdiction Panel 3: Bar-chart for last 30-Min of CPS1 with Thresholds for CPS1 and BAAL violations correlated with frequency Panel 1: Geographic View with Last Minute CPS1 for Control Areas in Selected Jurisdiction Panel 4: Dynamic Data Text Window with actual data displayed in tabular fashion for each selection criteria Page 9
Long Term Grid Research Framework High Investment Grid Upgrades New Grid Infrastructure Commercial Grid Management - Planning, Operations, Control/Protection, and Visualization Grid Technologies Research and Demonstration Long Term Page 10
Long Term Grid Research Framework High Investment Grid Upgrades Transformers Substations SVC s, DVAR, Statcom EMS, SCADA, Automation New Grid Infrastructure New Lines, Cables New ROW New Technologies Commercial CERTS RESEARCH FOCUS Grid Management - Planning, Operations, Control/Protection, and Visualization Wide-Area Monitoring EPACT 2005 Application of Phasors New Visualization Tools Fast Simulation Models State Estimation and Measurement Protection, Control, and Alarming Dynamics & Security Integration of Loads and Distributed Technologies Market Design and Performance Grid Technologies FACTS Technologies Power Electronics Composite Conductors Superconductors cables, fault current limiter, super VAR Storage Research and Demonstration Long Term Page 11