Introduction Standards for C-ITS ESF GmbH, Dr. Hans-Joachim Fischer Fichtenweg 9, D-89143 Blaubeuren, Germany http://fischer-tech.eu, HJFischer@fischer-tech.eu : document may be reproduced and distributed as a whole, without any changes only. This document was produced by ESF GmbH / member of ISO TC204 WG16, WG18 and others, CEN TC278 WG16 and others, ETSI TC ITS upon request at a meeting of experts from ISO TC204 WG16 and ITU in Geneva, on 8 th March 2012. It answers the three questions: a) Is there a need of an analysis / quality checking of existing communication standards for ITS produced by ISO TC204 WG16? b) Is there a need for an analysis to identify gaps between these existing communication standards and a visionary idea on a "required set of communication standards" having in mind procurement of systems? c) How can ITU contribute to the process to promote communication standards for C-ITS, and to speed up the development process? Since many years, standard developers working in ISO, CEN, ETSI, IEEE and other SDOs maintain excellent relations aiming on a harmonized approach towards ITS. These relations are supported by liaison agreements between SDOs. Now ITU became interested in ITS, thus it is straightforward reasonable that experts from ITU join this group of experts. With respect of involvement of ITU in the work on ITS, TC204 has drafted a resolution at the Tampa meeting in 2011: - 1 -
ISO/TC204 - N2851 Adopted Resolutions ISO TC204 Plenary 14 October 2011 Tampa, Florida, U.S.A. Liaisons Resolution 908: ISO TC 204 noting: (1) The need to strongly promote ISO TC 204 ITS communications standards for global use; and (2) The challenges of acquiring sufficient resources to complete a minimum set of ITS communication standards deemed necessary to promote deployment of ITS products and services; ISO TC 204 resolves to request from ITU and other potential collaborators a statement of their support, expertise, likely involved experts and a plan of action for addressing the list of initial activities be that could be the subject of collaboration and the promotion of ISO TC 204 ITS communications standards. ADOPTED Turn ISO TC204 WG16 communication standards into ITU recommendations Do a quality assessment of ITS communications standards and create an action plan Provide expertise relative to deploying IPv6 for ITS communications and create an action plan Provide expertise related to completion and deployment of ITS communications security frameworks and standards Provide expertise related to improving the deployment of ITS communication standards Develop migration advice for legacy ITS networks - 2 -
Content INTRODUCTION... 1 CONTENT... 3 1 EXISTING STANDARDS... 4 2 QUALITY OF STANDARDS... 8 3 MISSING STANDARDS... 9 4 STANDARDS FROM ETSI... 10 5 HOW TO LEARN ABOUT COMMUNICATION STANDARDS FOR ITS... 11 6 POSSIBLE ACTIVITIES OF ITU... 12 7 TERMS USED... 12-3 -
1 Existing standards Table 1 provides information on essential communication standards developed at ISO TC204 WG16 and ISO TC204 WG18 / CEN TC278 WG16, or being in the active phase of development. There are more standards already developed and lished by ISO TC204 WG16 which are considered to be less relevant. The whole set of standards presented in table 1 will be finalized end of 2012. Some of the standards are already now lished in the first version, others are in the first revision process, which will be finalized in Q2 / 2012.Others are close to first finalization. The tables in this document indicate also the relevance of the standards for early procurement, and the current status of development. Table 1: Essential communication standards developed at ISO TC204 WG16 SDO Number Title Subject Relevance Status CEN / ISO CEN / ISO EN 17419 EN 17423 Classification and management of ITS applications in a global context ITS application requirements for selection of communication profiles ISO IS 16788 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- ITS IPv6 Security ISO IS 16789 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- ITS IPv6 Optimization Based on ETSI TS 102 860. Continues the work started there. Specifies further identifiers subject of registration for the purpose of globally unique usage. Specifies the functional requirement parameters that can be used by ITS-S applications in order to present their needs for communications. The ITS-S management will use these requirements together with the knowledge on available access technologies in an ITS-S to perform a dynamic mapping of applications on access technologies. This is in support of the concept of fs and paths to be applied in a bounded secured and managed ITS station specified in IS 21217. Constitutes an amendment to ISO 21210. Specifies security elements and procedures for IPv6 in the context of ITS. To be merged with ISO 21210 in a second step. Constitutes an amendment to ISO 21210. Specifies elements and procedures to optimize usage of IPv6 in the context of ITS. To be merged with ISO 21210 in a second step. awi awi awi awi - 4 -
SDO Number Title Subject Relevance Status ISO IS 21210 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- IPv6 networking ISO IS 21212 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- 2G Cellular systems ISO IS 21213 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- 3G Cellular systems ISO IS 21214 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- Infrared communications ISO IS 21215 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- M5 ISO IS 21217 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- Architecture ISO IS 21218 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- Access technology support ISO IS 24102-1 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- ITS station management -- Part 1: Local management Specifies how to use protocols out of the set of IPv6 protocols specified by IETF in the context of ITS. Specifies how to apply ISO 21218 for 2G. Needs to be harmonized with similar standards for other legacy technologies Specifies how to apply ISO 21218 for 3G. Needs to be harmonized with similar standards for other legacy technologies Specifies the infrared access technology, which is in use e.g. in the German TollCollect road tolling system. Specifies the microwave access technology based on IEEE 802.11. A major focus is on the 5,9 GHz band for road safety and traffic efficiency applications. Defines the communications architecture for ITS. Describes an ITS station (ITS-S) as a bounded secured managed domain. ITS-S reference architecture is based on the OSI layered model. Specifies elements and procedures of the ITS-S access layer which are common to all kinds of access technologies. Specifies the communications SAP IN that connects the ITS-S access layer to the ITS-S networking & transport layer Protocols for station-internal (local) management of an ITS-S. medium - 5 -
SDO Number Title Subject Relevance Status ISO IS 24102-3 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- ITS station management -- Part 3: Service access points ISO IS 24102-4 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- ITS station management -- Part 4: Station-internal management communications ISO IS 24102-5 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- ITS station management -- Part 5: Fast service advertisement protocol (FSAP) ISO IS 25111 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- General requirements for using lic networks Specifies the services and service primitives of the foling SAPs: MI, MN, MF, MS, SI, SN, SF of the ITS-S reference architecture specified in IS 21217. A detailed specification of the service primitives at the level of ASN.1 is given as these service primitives may become observable in PDUs exchanged between various management entities of the same ITS station, see IS 24102-4. Specifies a communication protocol for stationinternal management communication between ITS- SCUs connected to the ITS station-internal network. This protocol als "remote access" to SAPs in other ITS-SCUs, and "remote access" to the management entity in other ITS-SCUs. Protocol, similar to WAVE service advertisement and developed simultaneously with it, located in the ITS- S management entity and the ITS-S facilities layer enabling announcement / advertisement of services to be available in a station. Designed for ad-hoc communications, e.g. provision of a service at a road side station to be consumed in a vehicle station passing beside the roadside station. A traditional example is road tolling. The protocol supports handover to a different channel or access technology to be used for the session phase. It also supports IP based services. Needs to be harmonized with similar standards for other legacy technologies - 6 -
SDO Number Title Subject Relevance Status ISO IS 25112 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- Mobile wireless broadband using IEEE 802.16 ISO IS 25113 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- Mobile wireless broadband using HC-SDMA ISO IS 29281-1 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- Non-IP networking Part 1: Fast networking & transport layer protocol (FNTP ISO IS 29281-2 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- Non-IP networking Part 2: Legacy system support ISO IS 29282 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- Satellite networks ISO IS 29283 ITS CALM Mobile Wireless Broadband applications using Communications in accordance with IEEE 802.20 Needs to be harmonized with similar standards for other legacy technologies Needs to be harmonized with similar standards for other legacy technologies Specifies an optimized efficient networking protocol for ad-hoc communications. The networking aspect is based on the MAC addresses in the ITS-S access layer. At the ITS-S networking & transport layer, only port numbers are used. This port mapper protocol has minimized protocol overhead. It supports single-hop communications, N-hop broadcast communications and ITS station-internal forwarding of packets between ITS-SCUs with host role and with router role. Specifies how to use FNTP to support ISO 15628 (DSRC application layer) functionality in an ITS station Needs to be harmonized with similar standards for other legacy technologies Needs to be harmonized with similar standards for other legacy technologies medium - 7 -
2 Quality of standards At an early stage, ISO TC204 WG16 has identified the need to perform quality checking of their standards. An efficient way to do so is to develop test specifications that al implementing the standardized protocols in test platforms enabling conformance testing. This task is delegated to ETSI TC ITS, which actually was founded by members of ISO TC204 WG16 in 2007. The work is conducted with the help of the ETSI Competence Centre for Testing and Interoperability (CTI), funded by the European Commission. Test suites for most relevant protocols developed at ISO are in the process of being finalized. This approach aled for a feedback from the testing experts in ETSI to the standard makers in ISO, enabling them to improve their standards in a first revision phase. Next step, which is already being started, is to implement these test suites in a test platform for ITS. Such a test platform already exists at ETSI CTI for early versions of ETSI base standards. A demonstration of conformance testing of real equipment against this test platform is planned for the ITS world congress in Vienna. Implementing protocols in a test platform and validating the test suites with this platform using real implementations will al for a second revision phase of the base standards, and for a revision phase of the test specifications. Further quality checking is not considered to be needed! - 8 -
3 Missing standards ISO TC204 WG16 has identified the urgent need to develop standards presented in table 2. These standards partly belong to the "Basic set of CALM communication standards for C-ITS", and partly to the "Extended set of CALM communication standards for C-ITS". Table 2: New work items at ISO TC204 WG16 to develop communication standards SDO Number Titel Subject Relevance Status ISO IS 16444 ITS Geo-Routing To provide the functionality of Geo-Addressing / Geo-Routing developed in the EC GeoNet project in the ÍTS-S facilities layer, aling several er layer transport and networking protocols, and to enable the ETSI GeoNetworking protocol in a CALM compliant ITS-S. ISO IS 16460 ITS Integration of WAVE Specifies how the IEEE WAVE system can become interoperable with CALM compliant ITS stations. ISO IS 17515 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- LTE ISO IS 24102-2 Intelligent transport systems -- Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) -- ITS station management -- Remote management Standards related to security. Initial work is at ETSI TC ITS. This new work item has to be seen in the context of ETSI TS 102 962. Although a scope similar to the one of e.g. IS 21212 and IS 21213 is defined so far, it would be worth to use this work item to specify how ITS and cellular networks of all generations can be connected closer together. Protocols for remote management of an ITS-S. This is also in support of an "ITS Application Store" to download and install C-ITS applications in an ITS-S, e.g. whilst the ITS-S in a car is moving. This is important e.g. for city operators to make available local services for traffic and travel management. medium medium nwi nwi nwi nwi - 9 -
4 Standards from ETSI Some standards from ETSI TC ITS being relevant for introduction of general ITS are presented in table 2. There are more standards available or in development at ETSI. These standards focus on the needs of a small niche of Cooperative ITS, i.e. car-centric road safety and traffic efficiency applications promoted by some car manufacturers. ETSI is not yet working on the global scope of ITS. Table 2: Selected standards from ETSI TC ITS SDO Number Titel Subject Relevance Status ETSI TS 102 860 ETSI TS 102 962 ETSI EN 302 665 Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Classification and management of ITS application objects Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Framework for Public Mobile Networks in Cooperative ITS (C-ITS) Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Communications; Architecture Specified the globally harmonized approach to identify ITS application objects by means of a globally unique ITS-AID. Recommends technical details relevant for registration of ITS application objects. Extended in EN 17419 Based on an analysis of cooperative ITS (C-ITS) services using lic mobile cellular networks for communications between ITS stations, related functional requirements on the ITS architecture, required amendments / modifications of existing standards on C-ITS in order to enable usage of lic mobile cellular networks, and functionality to be specified in new ITS standards to be developed under M/453 are identified. medium By intention a "copy" of IS 21217-10 -
SDO Number Titel Subject Relevance Status ETSI TS 102 723 parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ETSI TS 102 890-2 Intelligent Transport Systems; OSI cross-layer topics; Part 1: Architecture and addressing schemes Part 2: Management information base. Part 3: Interface between management entity and access layer. Part 4: Interface between management entity and networking & transport layer. Part 5: Interface between management entity and facilities layer. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Facilities layer function Part 2: Services announcement specification Various management issues. Documents are mainly organized as references to standards from ISO TC204 WG16, i.e. mainly ISO 24102 and ISO 21218. * Only reference to IS 24102-5. * 5 How to learn about communication standards for ITS In order to learn quickly about the basics of communications in ITS / C-ITS by reading standards, the foling sequence of standards is recommended (nwi and awi are not listed here): 1. ISO 21217, 2. ISO 21218, 3. ISO 24102-3, 4. ISO 24102-1, 5. ISO 24102-4, 6. ISO 29281-2, 7. ISO 24102-5, 8. ISO 21210, (and the awi on IPv6 complementing ISO 21210, being available end of 2012) 9. ISO 21215 ESF GmbH is offering trainings on communication standards for C-ITS. - 11 -
6 Possible activities of ITU Activities of ITU to promote ITS and to speed up the process of developing standards include (est preference first): 1. Publish ISO CALM standards as ITU-T recommendations. 2. Define ITU Questions on how to deploy and further develop cellular network technologies, especially LTE, in order to make them ITS-aware, as there will be no cellular networks without ITS and vice versa. 3. Provide man-power to work on the new WIs presented in table 2, except IS 16460, which will be done by experts being involved in the EU/US harmonization activity 7 Terms used CALM DSRC ITS-S ITS-SCU Communication Access for Land Mobiles (work title defined in ISO TC204 WG16) Dedicated Short Range Communication (term defined in CEN TC278 WG9) ITS station ITS station communication unit (physical sub-unit of an implementation of an ITS-S) WAVE Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (work title defined in IEEE P1609) * nwi awi standard is under revision standard is lished approved, in the process of being lished new work item active work item - 12 -