Fit for Developing Software Framework for Integrated Tests Rick Mugridge Ward Cunningham 04) PRENTICE HALL Upper Saddle River, NJ Boston Indianapolis San Francisco New York Toronto Montreal London Munich Paris Madrid Capetown Sydney Tokyo Singapore Mexico City
Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors 1. Introduction 1.1 The Need for Fit 1 1.2 The Value of Fit Tables 2 1.3 Fit and Business Roles 3 1.4 Organization of the Book 5 1.5 The Book's Use of Color 6 1 PART I Introducing Fit Tables 7 2. Communicating with Tables 9 2.1 Fit Tables 9 2.2 Tables for Communicating 10 2.3 Tables for Testing 11 2.4 Tables, Fixtures, and a System Under Test 11 2.5 Reading Fit Tables 11 3. Testing Calculations with ColumnPixture Tables 13 3.1 Calculating Discount 13 3.2 Reports: Traffic Lights 14 3.3 Calculating Credit 16 3.4 Selecting a Phone Number 19 3.5 Summary 20 3.6 Exercises 21 xi
xii Contents 4. Testing Business Processes with ActionFixture Tables 23 4.1 Buying Items 23 4.2 Actions an a Chat Server 26 4.3 Summary 28 4.4 Exercises 29 5. Testing Lists with RowFixture Tables 31 5.1 Testing Lists Whose Order Is Unimportant 31 5.2 Testing Lists Whose Order Is Important 34 5.3 Summary 36 5.4 Exercises 36 6. Testing with Sequences of Tables 39 6.1 Chat Room Changes 39 6.2 Discount Group Changes 43 6.3 Summary 46 6.4 Exercises 47 7. Creating Tables and Running Fit 49 7.1 Using Spreadsheets for Tests 49 7.2 Organizing Tests in Test Suites 50 7.3 Using HTML for Tests 52 7.4 Summary 54 7.5 Exercises 55 8. Using FitNesse 57 8.1 Introduction 57 8.2 Getting Started 58 8.3 Organizing Tests with Subwikis 61 8.4 Test Suites 62 8.5 Ranges of Values 63 8.6 Other Features 64 8.7 Summary 64 8.8 Exercises 64 9. Expecting Errors 67 9.1 Expected Errors with Calculations 67 9.2 Expected Errors with Actions 69 9.3 Summary 69
Contents xiii 10. FitLibrary Tables 71 10.1 Flow-Style Actions with DoFixture 71 10.2 Expected Errors with DoFixture 74 10.3 Actions an Domain Objects with DoFixture 75 10.4 Setup 76 10.5 CalculateFixture Tables 78 10.6 Ordered List Tables 78 10.7 Testing Parts of a List 79 10.8 Summary 79 10.9 Exercises 80 11. A Variety of Tables 81 11.1 Business Forms 81 11.2 Testing Associations 82 11.3 Two-Dimensional Images 83 11.4 Summary 85 11.5 Exercises 85 PART II Developing Tables for RentAPartySoftware 87 12. Introducing Fit at RentAPartySoftware 89 12.1 RentAPartySoftware 89 12.2 Development Issues 90 12.3 An Initial Plan 90 12.4 The Cast 91 12.5 The Rest of This Part 92 12.6 Summary 92 12.7 Exercises 93 13. Getting Started: Emily and Don's First Table 95 13.1 Introduction 95 13.2 Choosing Where to Start 95 13.3 The Business Rule 96 13.4 Starting Simple 97 13.5 Adding the Grace Period 98 13.6 Adding High-Demand Items 99 13.7 Reports 100 13.8 Seth's Return 101 13.9 Summary 101
xiv Contents 13.10 Exercises 102 14. Testing a Business Process: Cash Rentals 103 14.1 Introduction 103 14.2 Cash Rentals 104 14.3 Split and Restructure 107 14.4 Which Client 109 14.5 Summary 111 14.6 Exercises 112 15. Tests Involving the Date and Time 115 15.1 Introduction 115 15.2 Charging a Deposit 115 15.3 Dates 118 15.4 Business Transactions 119 15.5 Sad Paths 121 15.6 Reports 122 15.7 Summary 124 15.8 Exercises 124 16. Transforming Workflow Tests into Calculation Tests 127 16.1 Introduction 127 16.2 Testing Calculations Instead 128 16.3 Using Durations 131 16.4 Reports 132 16.5 Summary 133 16.6 Exercises 134 17. Story Test-Driven Development with Fit 137 17.1 Introduction 137 17.2 The Stories 139 17.3 The First Storytests 140 17.4 The Planning Garne 143 17.5 Adding to the Storytests 147 17.6 Progress During the Iteration 148 17.7 Exploratory Testing at Iteration End 151 17.8 Summary 151 17.9 Exercises 153
Contents xv 18. Designing and Refactoring Tests to Communicate Ideas 155 18.1 Principles of Test Design 155 18.2 Fit Tests for Business Rules 156 18.3 Workflow Tests 161 18.4 Calculation Tests 165 18.5 List Tests 167 18.6 Tests and Change 168 18.7 Automation of Tests 170 18.8 Summary 170 19. Closing for Nonprogrammers 171 19.1 The Value of Fit Tables 171 19.2 Getting Fit at RentAPartySoftware 171 PART III Introducing Fit Fixtures 175 20. Connecting Tables and Applications 177 20.1 Writing Fixtures 177 20.2 Fixtures and Traffic Lights 178 21. Column Fixtures 179 21.1 Fixture Cal culat ed count 179 21.2 Extending Credit 182 21.3 Selecting a Phone Number 184 21.4 ColiimnFixture in General 185 21.5 Summary 186 21.6 Exercises 186 22. Action Fixtures 187 22.1 Buying Items 187 22.2 Changing State of Chat Room 190 22.3 ActionFixture in General 192 22.4 Summary 193 22.5 Exercises 194 23. List Fixtures 195 23.1 Testing Unordered Lists 195 23.2 Testing Ordered Lists 197 23.3 Testing a List with Parameters 201
xvi Contents 23.4 Summary 202 23.5 Exercises 202 24. Fixtures for Sequences of Tables 203 24.1 Chat Room Fixtures 203 24.2 Discount Group Fixtures 208 24.3 Summary 211 24.4 Exercises 212 25. Using Other Values in Tables 213 25.1 Standard Values 213 25.2 Values of Money 214 25.3 Values in FitNesse and the Flow Fixtures 217 25.4 Summary 217 25.5 Exercises 217 26. Installing and Running Fit 219 26.1 Installing Fit and FitLibrary 219 26.2 Running Fit on Folders 219 26.3 Running Fit on HTML Files 220 26.4 Running Tests During the Build 220 26.5 Other Ways to Run Tests 220 26.6 Summary 221 27. Installing FitNesse 223 27.1 Installation 223 27.2 Locating the Code 223 27.3 Larger-Scale Use with Virtual Wiki 224 27.4 Debugging FitNesse Tests 224 27.5 Summary 225 27.6 Exercises 225 28. FitLibrary Fixtures 227 28.1 Flow-Style Actions with DoFixture 227 28.2 DoFixtures as Adapters 231 28.3 Using SetFixture 232 28.4 Expected Errors with DoFixture 232 28.5 Actions on Domain Objects with DoFixture 234 28.6 DoFixture in General 237 28.7 Setup 239
Contents xvii 28.8 Calculat efixture Tables 242 28.9 Ordered-List Tables 243 28.10 Testing Parts of a List 244 28.11 Using Other Values in Flow Tables 245 28.12 Summary 245 28.13 Exercises 245 29. Custom Table Fixtures 247 29.1 Business Forms 247 29.2 Testing Associations 248 29.3 Two-Dimensional Images 251 29.4 Summary 252 PART IV Developing Fixtures for RentAPartySoftware 253 30. Fixtures and Adapting the Application 255 30.1 Introduction 255 30.2 The Programmers' Perspective 255 30.3 System Architecture 256 30.4 Test Infecting for Improvements 258 30.5 The Rest of This Part 260 31. Emily's First Fixture 261 31.1 The Table 261 31.2 Developing the Fixture 262 31.3 Summary 265 31.4 Exercises 266 32. Fixtures Testing Through the User Interface. 267 32.1 Introduction 267 32.2 Spike 269 32.3 The Fixtures 270 32.4 The Adapter 271 32.5 Showing Others 274 32.6 Summary 275 33. Restructuring the System for Testing 277 33.1 Test Infecting 277 33.2 Slow Tests 278
xviii Contents 33.3 Setup 278 33.4 Barriers to Testing 280 33.5 Transactions 282 33.6 Transaction Fixture 283 33.7 Split Domain and Data Source Layers 285 33.8 Reduce Interdependencies 286 33.9 Summary 287 34. Mocks and Clocks 289 34.1 Introduction 289 34.2 Changing the Date 291 34.3 Time-Related Object Interactions 292 34.4 Date Formatting 292 34.5 Changing the Application in Small Steps 293 34.6 Summary 294 35. Running Calculation Tests Indirectly 295 35.1 Testing Directly 295 35.2 Testing Indirectly 297 35.3 Summary 300 36. Closing for Programmers at RPS 301 36.1 The Value of Fit Tables 301 36.2 Getting Fit at RPS 301 PART V Custom Development 305 37. The Architecture of Fit 307 37.1 Running Fit 307 37.2 Parse Tree 308 37.3 dotable 309 37.4 Counts in Class Fixture 310 37.5 The Fixture Subclasses 310 37.6 TypeAdapter 311 37.7 Summary 312 37.8 Exercises 312 38. Developing Custom Fixtures 313 38.1 Using SetUpFixture 313
Contents xix 38.2 SetUpFixture 314 38.3 ImageFixture 314 38.4 Summary 316 39. Custom Runners 319 39.1 Runners 319 39.2 Calculator Runner 319 39.3 Reading Tests from a Text File 320 39.4 Reading Tests from a Spreadsheet 322 39.5 Summary 324 40. Model-Based Test Generation 325 40.1 Symmetries: Operations That Cancel Each Other 325 40.2 Generate a Simple Sequence 326 40.3 Generate an Interleaved Sequence 329 40.4 Summary 332 40.5 Exercises 332 PART VI Appendices 333 A. Background Material 335 A.1 Testing 335 A.2 Agile Software Development 335 A.3 Ubiquitous Language 336 B. Book Resources Web Site 337 C. Fit and Other Programming Languages 339 C.1 Table Portability 339 C.2 Other Programming Languages 339 Bibliography 341 Index 345