Medical Imaging Introduction Jan Kybic February 16, 2010
Medical imaging: a collaborative paradigm picture from Atam P. Dhawan: Medical Imaging
From physiology to information processing (what we should learn) Understanding Imaging Medium Physics of Imaging Imaging Instrumentation Data Acquisition Methods Image Processing and Analysis
From physiology to information processing (what we should learn) Understanding Imaging Medium Physics of Imaging Imaging Instrumentation Data Acquisition Methods Image Processing and Analysis
From physiology to information processing (what we should learn) Understanding Imaging Medium Physics of Imaging Imaging Instrumentation Data Acquisition Methods Image Processing and Analysis
From physiology to information processing (what we should learn) Understanding Imaging Medium Physics of Imaging Imaging Instrumentation Data Acquisition Methods Image Processing and Analysis
From physiology to information processing (what we should learn) Understanding Imaging Medium Physics of Imaging Imaging Instrumentation Data Acquisition Methods Image Processing and Analysis
Medical imaging pipeline
Medical imaging pipeline Physical property Raw data Improved data Images/volumes Quantitative/qualitative inf. patient/subject Imaging device Preprocessing Reconstruction Interpretation physician Decision
Medical imaging pipeline Physical property Raw data Improved data Images/volumes Quantitative/qualitative inf. patient/subject Imaging device Preprocessing Reconstruction Interpretation physician Decision
Medical imaging pipeline Physical property Raw data Improved data Images/volumes Quantitative/qualitative inf. Statistical processing patient/subject Imaging device Preprocessing Reconstruction Interpretation physician Decision
Imaging device Physical property: density, absorbance, conductivity,... Imaging device Raw data Examples: CT, X-rays, MRI, ultrasound,...
Preprocessing A priori knowledge Raw data Preprocessing Preprocessed, cleaned, enhanced data Examples: Noise suppression, contract enhancement, intensity equalization, outlier elimination, bias compensation, time/space filtering,...
Reconstruction Physics of the acquisition device Preprocessed raw data Reconstruction Physically meaningfull images, volumes, sequences Inverse problem Examples: Tomographic reconstruction MRI, ultrasound...
Interpretation A priori knowledge Images, volumes, sequences Interpretation High-level processing Quantitative & qualitative inf. size, changes, metabolic inf. Examples: Registration, segmentation, classification, tracking,...
Modalities
Classification of medical modalities What information do we need? anatomical, physiological, functional
Classification of medical modalities What information do we need? anatomical, physiological, functional What is the energy source? external, internal, combined
Classification of medical modalities What information do we need? anatomical, physiological, functional What is the energy source? external, internal, combined How good is the image? resolution, noise
Classification of medical modalities What information do we need? anatomical, physiological, functional What is the energy source? external, internal, combined How good is the image? resolution, noise How much does it cost?
Energy source
Electromagnetic spectrum
Examples
Microscopy Optical microscopy since 17th century; Jensen, van Leeuwenhoek, Galilei,...
X-rays / Radiography 1895, W. Röntgen B. Röntgen hand modern hand
Computed tomography The machine:
Ultrasound Equipment
MEG and EEG Magnetoencephalography Electroencephalography
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Larmor, Bloch, Purcell, Rabi, Lauterbur,... around 1973.
... and many others SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) PET (Positron Emission Tomography) gamma camera termography...
OK, here ends the preview. Questions?... otherwise let us start with image processing