Tutorial: Active Network Management CIGRE Thailand Smart Grid Seminar, 15 th February 2013 Prof Graham Ault Smarter Grid Solutions & University of Strathclyde
Contents t Active Network Management 2
Introduction ti to Ati Active Nt Network kmanagement t(anm) No generally accepted definition Most in agreement as to characteristics of an active network.. Distributed Generation, renewables, monitoring, comms and control, preventive and corrective actions, flexible, adaptable, autonomous? Intelligent? Aspects of ANM in many international smart grid R&D and demonstration programmes
Ati Active Nt Network kmanagement ANM is being driven by: targets for renewable and distributed generation reducedcapex (more focus ontotex) maximising use of existing asset base providing gquick and cheap connections networks not being a barrier, rather an enabler of low carbon technologies
Introduction to ANM Current controllable devices: Tap changers (automatic and manual) Network switching/reconfiguration Generation P and Q (mostly local control) Demand side: nothing at domestic level (local and some system controls for C&I)
Introduction to ANM Future controllable devices: EVs, other storage (inc. thermal), power electronics based switches/regulators, micro generators, domestic appliances, Orders of magnitude change in number of devices so if power/exponential law on complexity or cost then major issue to resolve.
State of the Art in ANM Aggregation: FENIX and offshoots (VPPs) Voltage Control: Fundamentals/Brunel SuperTapp n+ and GenAVC Wider area network management concepts: Aura NMS Microgrids demonstrations DER management: Power Matcher, DERMS Real time thermal ratings at distribution
Network Management Systems
ANM, SCADA and Protection ANM Supervisory Control Protection Deterministic Non deterministic Deterministic Autonomous Human operator Automatic Software Software Firmware (or electromechanical) Defined network area Whole network Unit/non unit Locally centralisedcentralised Centralised Local/Distributed & Local/Distributed
Ati Active Nt Network kmanagement A new layer in network management systems to autonomously manage network constraints by automatic coordination and control of devices and resources
Active Network Management: Power Flow Example Traditional distribution network perspective yesterday: Firm Generation (FG) capacity allocated (some diversity considered) d) Passive system operation preserved Worst case scenario for network Min Load dmax Gen Voltage at bus 1 and bus 2 are within statutory limits in all scenarios 15 MVA 12 MVA peak FG To rest of network. 3 12 MVA 12 MVA Bus 1 Bus 2
Active Network Management : Power Flow Example Distribution network perspective today: Multiple l applications for connection to existing network No capacity available due to network constraints No means for network operator to consider other connection solutions Lengthy timescales for network reinforcement 15 MVA FG No available capacity To rest of network. 3 12 MVA 12 MVA? Bus 1 Bus 2
Ati Active Network Nt kmanagement : Power Flow Example Distribution network perspective tomorrow : Consider peak demand scenario (12 MVA) Non Firm Generation (NFG) capacity of 9 MVA (theoretical) exists NFG must be controlled in real time based on 12 MVA circuit constraints Voltage at bus 1 and bus 2 must be within statutory limits in all scenarios 15 MVA 12 MVA export FG To rest of network. 12 MVA 12 MVA 9 MVA NFG Bus 1 Bus 2
Active Network Management : Power Flow Example Distribution network perspective tomorrow : ANM system measures real time network export Takes pre emptive action (regulate NFG MW production in real time) Takes corrective action to remove constraints (disconnect NFG) Voltage at bus 1 and bus 2 must be within statutory limits in all scenarios *0 15 MVA FG Real time export *3 12 MVA p, q, v, i 12 MVA To rest of network. *0 9 MVA NFG p, q, v, i ANM SCADA Bus 1 Bus 2
Constraint evaluation Based on time series and probability curves or demand and renewable production Calculate curtailment levels for generation (or demand) in constrained networks Commercial arrangements Curtailment (MWh h) 250 200 150 100 50 ts ental Annual Outp put from RNFG Unit (MWh ) Increm 2380 2370 2360 2350 2340 2330 2320 2310 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 RNFG connected (MW) 23 25 Currie, R.A.F., Ault, G.W., Foote, C. and McDonald, J.R., Active powerflow management utilising operating margins for the increased connection of distributed generation, IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 197 202, January 2007 27 29 31 OM1 OM2 OM3 OM4 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 RNFG connected (MW)
Simple Constraint tcl Calculation lti 16
Challenges to ANM Deployment Commercial rules and constraint management Network Operator resources Standards (ANMsolutions, SecurityandQuality ofsupply, etc) Communications New interruptible contracts Planning tools and satisfying customer concerns Including investors in new generation projects Cost benefit analysis Triggers for reinforcement Lack of proven solutions and techniques
Overcoming ANM Deployment Challenges Constraints What? Where? Offline / Real time Forecasting Identify Controlled Energy Devices Offline (studies, scenarios) Online (cost/technical best) ANM Scheme Design Preventive limits Corrective limits Real time constraints Communications monitoring ANM Algorithms Principles of Access LIFO, shared, cheapest, largest, smallest, etc. ANM Scheme Operation: IssueControl Signals To one or more generators Monitor generator compliance Operating concerns Monitor effectiveness of controls Commercial Input Regulation, rules, law, license obligations, i connection agreements Settlement Incentives, penalties, services
Opportunities Provided dby ANM Connect more to existing networks previously considered dfull Demand and generator connections Interruptible connections Quicker and cost effective grid connections Increase utilization of assets Avoid/Defer network reinforcements Incremental developments Flexibility in network operation Improved network performance
What is needed dfor ANM? Hardware and software that meets hard real time limits A solution that is deterministic, repeatable and reliable A solution that fails safe To loss of key ANM components To loss of communications To non compliance issues A solution that meets physical/it/communications security requirements A solution that is scalable New controlled devices New algorithmic functionality New technologies New communications protocols
What does ANM look klik like? Example Operator Interface sgs connect implemented in a generator substation btti sgs core and sgs comms hub implemented on commodity servers
Control Architecture 22
Summary of ANM prospects ANM is an important part of the overall Smart Grid vision Growing and robust evidence from multiple demonstration projects Proving to be a sound economic and technical solution for connection issues for renewable and distributed ib t d generation Applicable to generator and demand connections Can incorporate new technologies (e.g. energy storage, demand response) Growing base of supporting tools to address the configuration and implementation challenges (e.g. business processes, commercial arrangements, planning and assessment methods) Network companies gearing up to dl deliver ANM Regulatory drivers towards ANM Business as Usual investment
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