Increasing Fiber Capacity with CWDM

Increasing Fiber Capacity with CWDM A Tutorial on CWDM Network Design Presented by: Greg Scott MSO/Telecom Sales

Increasing Fiber Capacity with CWDM Introduction WDM Technology Overview CWDM and Fiber Cabling Multiplexing Equipment Application Examples Wavelength Conversion Charter Examples

About Omnitron Systems Founded in 1992 Corporate Headquarters in Irvine California Provides Carrier-Grade Fiber Connectivity Solutions for Utilities, Service Providers, Enterprise and Government networks iconverter Intelligent Media Converters, CWDM Multiplexers, T1/E1 Multiplexers and Network Interface Devices iconverter Products are MEF 9/14/21 and NEBS Level 3 Certified. 3

MSO Challenges Adding more Customers Business and Residential Adding more Services Voice, Video and Data Limited fiber resources Expensive and time consuming to add more fiber Stretching the Capacity of Fiber Infrastructure 4

Expanding Capacity of Fiber Networks Three Options 1) Install New Fiber New links for each location/application/data type Expensive and time consuming installation 2) Protocol Converters / Aggregation Circuit Emulation converges the different applications into TDM or Ethernet Expensive and complicated equipment 3) Wavelength Division Multiplexing 5

Increasing Fiber Capacity with CWDM Introduction WDM Technology Overview CWDM and Fiber Cabling Multiplexing Equipment Application Examples Wavelength Conversion Charter Examples

Fiber Optic Communication A method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information 7

WDM Overview Wavelength Division Multiplexing Overlaying multiple wavelengths/colors on one fiber link Each wavelength is a secure and an independent data channel Each channel is protocol and speed transparent (up to 10 Gig) Increases the capacity of the fiber infrastructure Inexpensive when compared to the alternative solutions Implementation has little to no impact to existing network Legacy 1310nm or 1550nm network unaware of xwdm wavelengths on same fiber 8

WDM Single Fiber Dual Fiber utilizes one wavelength over two strands of fiber Rx 1310nm Tx Tx 1310nm Rx Tx / Rx Single-Fiber utilizes Bi-Directional (BIDI) WDM technology 1310nm 1550nm Two independent wavelengths over one strand of fiber Rx / Tx 9

WDM Technologies Grey wavelength Course Wave Division Multiplexing Dense Wave Division Multiplexing 10

DWDM and CWDM DWDM DWDM systems use temperature-controlled lasers with narrow-band filters 1nm wavelength spacing or less with up to 160 wavelengths Widely implemented in long-haul optical networking 11

DWDM and CWDM CWDM ITU-T G694.2 specifies 18 wavelengths between 1270nm to 1610nm in 20nm increments CWDM uses non-stabilized lasers with broadband filters Cost effective solution for increasing capacity of Enterprise, Municipal and Service Provider Metro/Access networks Number of wavelengths appropriate for these applications 12

DWDM and CWDM: L-TWC vs L-Charter Some Observations L-Charter more likely to deploy DWDM and L-TWC more likely to deploy CWDM (esp business applications) But both use CWDM and DWDM mix today Main reason CWDM persists is cost. As DWDM optics drop in price we ll see less CWDM. 13

WDM Overview WDM technology enables a fiber optic cable to carry multiple Wavelengths (Lambdas) Each Wavelength is an independent data Channel that can transport any network protocol or data rate Additional Channels can be added if the Wavelengths are unique MUX MUX 1470nm 1490nm 1510nm 1530nm Common Line 14

CDWM and Standard/Legacy Wavelengths Standard 1310nm or 1550nm have wider tolerances and utilize more of the spectrum than CWDM wavelengths Standard wavelengths can be used in conjunction with the CWDM wavelengths (through Pass Band ports) Standard wavelengths are not precise enough for the 20nm filters used in CWDM multiplexers Standard wavelengths can be converted to CWDM wavelengths with Transponders or SFPs Standard 1310 Standard 1550 15

CWDM expands the capacity of existing fiber infrastructure The Fiber Optic Highway with one standard λ The Fiber Optic Highway with CWDM λ s Unused Unused 1270 nm 1310 nm 1370 nm 1390 nm 1610 nm 1270 nm 1290 nm 1310 nm 1330 nm 1350 nm 1370 nm 1390 nm 1410 nm 1430 nm 1450 nm 1470 nm 1490 nm 1510 nm 1530 nm 1550 nm 1570 nm 1590 nm 1610 nm 16

CDWM Wavelength Band Allocation Different Bands or groupings of wavelengths ITU Bands 5 bands defined by ITU Lower CWDM Band = lower 10 CWDM wavelengths Standard/Legacy 1310 is a subset of Lower Band (1270nm to 1360nm.) Upper CWDM Band = upper 8 CWDM wavelengths Group 1 (1510, 1530, 1550, 1570) commonly used for CWDM MUXes Group 2 (1470, 1490, 1590, 1610) compliments Upper 1 Lower 10 CWDM Upper 8 CWDM Group 2 Group 1 Group 2 O Band E Band S Band C Band L Band ITU Bands 17

Increasing Fiber Capacity with CWDM Introduction WDM Technology Overview CWDM and Fiber Cabling Multiplexing Equipment Application Examples Wavelength Conversion Charter Examples

Definition of Terms Attenuation / Optical loss The rate at which an optical signal decreases in intensity Dispersion The spreading of light pulses as they travel through fiber optic cable. Dispersion results in distortion of the signal, which limits the bandwidth and distance of the fiber Optical Power Budget The difference between the minimum transmit power and the minimum receiver sensitivity of the optical devices connected across a fiber optic link. 19

Fiber Types for CWDM Applications Single Mode Fiber is required for CWDM Multimode not recommended Types of Single Mode Fiber Non-dispersion-shifted (NDSF), G.652, G.652.C & G.652.D Most common (see next slide) Dispersion minimized at 1310nm Dispersion shifted fiber, G.653 Not commonly deployed Dispersion minimized at 1550nm Non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber (NZ-DSF), G.655 Developed to minimize issues (nonlinear effects) in DWDM systems. 20

Optical Loss vs Wavelength 1.0 Water Peak Loss (db/km) 0.9 0.6 Minimized Dispersion G.652 G.652C G.652D 0.3 0 1300 1400 1500 1600 nm 21

Fiber Types for CWDM Applications 1) Know the type of fiber installed in your network Contact the manufacturer Test your fiber links 2) Plan accordingly Determine the areas of the spectrum that have the highest attenuation in the fiber link Use the optimum attenuation areas of the CWDM spectrum in your design 22

Optical Loss There are many factors that can result in optical signal loss in a CWDM network Fiber loss (depends on length and type of the fiber used) Passive device insertion loss (CWDM MUX and CWDM OADM) Connectors (couplings) Patch panels and splices When calculating optical loss The total loss plus safety factor (typically 3dB) must not exceed the optical power budget. The optical power budget is calculated by subtracting the minimum receive sensitivity from the minimum transmit power. 23

Optical Loss Example A 24

Optical Loss Example B 25

Increasing Fiber Capacity with CWDM Introduction WDM Technology Overview CWDM and Fiber Cabling Multiplexing Equipment Application Examples Wavelength Conversion Charter Examples

CWDM Multiplexers CWDM MUXes are Passive Devices CWDM Multiplexers modules do not require power to operate Pass all data channels transparently Support data rates up to 10 gig per channel 27

Types of CWDM Multiplexers Individual MUX and DMUX Modules Vs. Integrated MUX/DMUX Module higher density Channel Ports (Upper 1) MUX/DMUX Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 1510nm (Rx) 1530nm (Rx) 1550nm (Rx) MUX Common (Tx) Channel 4 1570nm (Rx) 1510nm (Tx) DMUX 1530nm (Tx) 1550nm (Tx) Common (Rx) 1570nm (Tx) 28

Types of CWDM Multiplexers Dual Fiber and Single-Fiber 4 Channel Dual Fiber 2 Channel Single-Fiber 1510nm 1530nm Common 1510nm 1530nm Common 1550nm 1570nm 1550nm 1570nm Each Channel is 1 Wavelength Each Channel is 2 Wavelengths Single-Fiber MUXes support 1/2 the Channel Ports of Dual Fiber MUXes because each channel is 2 wavelengths (BIDI) over the Common Line. 29

Types of CWDM Multiplexers: OADM Multiplexers are used at each end of a CWDM Common Line to MUX and DMUX wavelengths 30

Types of CWDM Multiplexers: OADM Multiplexers are used at each end of a CWDM Common Line to MUX and DMUX wavelengths Optical Add+Drop Multiplexers (OADM) are used to insert (add) and remove (drop) wavelengths at any point along a CWDM Common Line 31

Types of CWDM Multiplexers: OADM Multiplexers are used at each end of a CWDM Common Line to MUX and DMUX wavelengths Optical Add+Drop Multiplexers (OADM) are used to insert (add) and remove (drop) wavelengths at any point along a CWDM Common Line 32

Definitions Channel Port A port for a specific CWDM wavelength Common Port A port for the CWDM Common Line that transmits/receives all multiplexed wavelengths 1310 Pass Band Port A port which connects directly to communications equipment and enables standard/legacy 1310nm wavelength to pass transparently Examples: Modulated analog signal / broadcast TV 10GBASE-LR Ethernet OC3/12/48 SONET 33

Port Definitions Expansion Port Cascades multiple MUX/DEMUX modules, e.g.: cascading two 8-Channel MUX modules yields 16 channels Can also function as a 1550 Pass Band port Also called an Upgrade Port or Express Port 34

MUX/DMUX 4-Channel Dual Fiber Modules Upper CWDM Band with 1310 Pass Band port Channel 1 1510nm Channel 2 1530nm Channel 3 1550nm Channel 4 1570nm 1310 Pass Band Port Common Port 35

MUX/DMUX 4-Channel Dual Fiber Modules 4-Channel Dual Fiber with Pass Band Channel Ports 1510nm CWDM MUX/DMUX Dual Fiber CWDM MUX/DMUX Channel Ports 1510nm 1530nm Common (Rx) Common (Tx) 1530nm 1550nm 1550nm 1570nm Common (Tx) Common (Rx) 1570nm 1310 PB 1310 PB 4-Channel MUX/DMUX at each end of a dual fiber Common Link provides four independent data paths, plus a 1310 Pass Band (PB) channel that connects directly to legacy equipment. 36

MUX/DMUX Application Example 4-Channel Point-to-Point MUX/DMUX with 1310 Pass Band Four new data channels added to existing fiber link carrying existing 1310nm data. Legacy 1310 device can be Ethernet, SONET, TDM or other protocol. 37

MUX/DMUX Application Example HFC Network Overlay CWDM channels for new Business Services 38

MUX/DMUX 4-Channel Dual Fiber Upper CWDM Band with Pass Band port and Expansion port Channel 1 1470nm Channel 3 1590nm 1310 Pass Band Port Channel 2 1490nm Channel 4 1610nm 1510-1570 Expansion Port Common Port 39

MUX/DMUX Application Example 4-Channel Point-to-Point MUX/DMUX with Expansion 1310 Pass Band 40

MUX/DMUX Application Example 4-Channel Point-to-Point MUX/DMUX with EXP and PB Upper 2 Band Legacy 1550 Expansion (1550 Pass Band) 1310 Management Channel Expansion Port can also be used as a 1550 Pass Band Port. Pass Band Port can also be used for a Management Channel. 41

8-Channel Dual Fiber Upper CWDM Band Channel 1 1470nm Channel 3 1510nm Channel 5 1490nm Channel 7 1610nm Common Port Channel 2 1490nm Channel 4 1530nm Channel 6 1610nm Channel 8 1610nm 42

8-Channel Dual Fiber Upper CWDM Band 1310 Pass Band port Channel 1 1470nm Channel 2 1490nm Channel 3 1510nm Channel 4 1530nm Channel 5 1490nm Channel 6 1610nm Channel 7 1610nm Channel 8 1610nm Common Port 1310 Pass Band 43

8-Channel Dual Fiber Lower CWDM Band Channel 1 1270nm Channel 3 1290nm Channel 5 1310nm Channel 7 1330nm Channel 2 1350nm Channel 4 1370nm Channel 6 1430nm Channel 8 1450nm? Water Peak! Common Port 44

Application Example 8-Channel MUX and Two 4-Channel Drops using an Expansion port The Expansion Port also enables a cascade port to another location 45

OADM Modules Optical Add+Drop Multiplexers enable CWDM channels to be added and dropped along a CWDM Common Line 1-Channel Dual Fiber OADM 2-Channel Dual Fiber OADM 46

OADM Example Cell Tower Backhaul 47

OADM Modules 1-Channel Dual Fiber OADM Select Wavelength for Add + Drop Channel 1 Left 1590nm Channel 1 Right 1590nm Wavelengths pass through both (Left & Right) Common Ports Left Common Port (Passed Wavelengths) Right Common Port (Passed Wavelengths) Lower Band OADM Upper Band OADM 1590nm is extracted out and inserted in 48

Dual Fiber, Single-Channel OADM Channel Ports 1510nm (Rx) 1510nm (Tx) 1530nm (Rx) 1530nm (Tx) 1550nm (Rx) 1550nm (Tx) 1570nm (Rx) 1570nm (Tx) CWDM MUX Common Left Port Common (Rx) Common (Tx) Channel Left Port 1570nm (Rx) OADM Common Right Port 1570nm (Tx) Common (Tx) Common (Rx) Channel Right Port CWDM MUX Channel Ports 1510nm (Tx) 1510nm (Rx) 1530nm (Tx) 1530nm (Rx) 1550nm (Tx) 1550nm (Rx) 1570nm (Tx) 1570nm (Rx) 1570nm (Tx) 1570nm (Rx) A dual-direction OADM Adds and Drops a wavelength along the Common fiber route in both directions 49

OADM Application Example 1 Channel OADM with Dual Direction Add+Drop The 1570nm Channel can be Single Direction (D) E). or Dual Direction (D & E). 50

CWDM OADM Modules 2-Channel Dual Fiber OADM Channel 1 Left 1510nm Channel 1 Right 1510nm Channel 2 Left 1530nm Channel 2 Right 1530nm Select Two Wavelengths for Add + Drop Lower Band OADM Upper Band OADM Left Common (Remaining Wavelengths) Right Common (Remaining Wavelengths) 51

OADM & MUX/DMUX Application Example Bus (Linear) Topology with 1-Channel and 2-Channel Add+Drop locations using the Upper 2 Band A single-direction OADM is used at each location. Note the higher wavelengths utilized for longest distances due to lowest attenuation. 52

OADM Ring Application Example Dual Fiber Resilient Ring with 1 and 2-Channel Add+Drops OADMs used to Connect and Bypass Switch Nodes. Many more networks and nodes can be added to the ring. 53

Section Summary CWDM is Cost Effective Much less expensive than upgrading switches and routers Maintain investments in existing equipment Rapid Deployments Passive equipment that is easy to use Plug and play installations No disruption to existing services (Spanning Tree and SONET) CWDM Multiplexers Support Dual and Single-Fiber Single Fiber MUXes support ½ the channels of Dual Fiber. 54

Section Summary Wavelength Band Allocation Provides Design Flexibility Enables Passing of Standard/Legacy 1310nm and 1550nm Complementing Bands for Expansion Ports Workaround for the 1400nm Water Peak MUXes and OADMs Provide Flexible Designs Add and Drop Linear Bus applications Pass Band Ports enable overlaying CWDM onto existing networks Overlay Channels on SONET and Resilient Ring networks Expansion Ports provide flexibility for future growth Expansion Ports also double as 1550 Pass Band, and enable passing channels to different locations Both MUXes and OADMs can be used to Connect and Bypass Nodes on ring networks 55

Increasing Fiber Capacity with CWDM Introduction WDM Technology Overview CWDM and Fiber Cabling Multiplexing Equipment Application Examples Wavelength Conversion Charter Examples

CWDM Wavelength Conversion OK, CWDM is cool stuff. But how do I connect my equipment to CWDM MUXes? Small Form Pluggable (SFP) transceivers Transponders / Wavelength converters Media Converters that support SFPs 57

CWDM Wavelength Conversion How to Connect Legacy Equipment to CWDM Networks Small Form Pluggable (SFP) transceivers are compact interchangeable connectors CWDM SFPs support 18 ITU-T G694.2 wavelengths between 1270nm to 1610nm in 20nm increments Omnitron color codes latch handles in Upper Band Wavelength Color 1610nm Brown 1590nm Red 1570nm Orange 1550nm Yellow 1530nm Green 1510nm Blue 1490nm Purple 1470nm Gray 58

CWDM Wavelength Conversion How to Connect Legacy Equipment to CWDM networks CWDM SFPs are used with SFP capable switches to convert standard wavelengths to CWDM wavelengths 59

CWDM Wavelength Conversion How to Connect Legacy Equipment to CWDM Networks Transponders are Fiber-to-Fiber converters with SFPs that convert standard wavelengths to WDM wavelengths Also converts Multimode Fiber to Single-mode Fiber iconverter xff iconverter XG 60

CWDM Wavelength Conversion How to Connect Legacy Equipment to CWDM networks Transponders convert fixed fiber ports with legacy wavelengths to CWDM wavelengths 61

CWDM Wavelength Conversion How to Connect Legacy Equipment to CWDM Networks Media Converters that support SFPs enable connectivity between copper equipment and CWDM networks Support a wide variety of network protocols, cabling and connector types iconverter managed media converters with pluggable transceivers 62

CWDM Wavelength Conversion How to Connect Legacy Equipment to CWDM networks Media Converters with CWDM SFPs convert copper to fiber with CWDM wavelengths 63

CWDM Wavelength Conversion Summary To multiplex data channels, each wavelength from the network device must be converted to appropriate CWDM wavelength Gig-E switch w/sfps + CWDM SFP (1510nm) CWDM MUX ATM Router + Standard SFP (MM 1310nm) Transponder CWDM SFP (SM 1530nm) 1510nm 1530nm Fast-E switch (UTP) 10/100 Media Converter CWDM SFP (1550nm) + 1550nm 1570nm T3 MUX + T3 Media Converter CWDM SFP (1570nm) 64

Increasing Fiber Capacity with CWDM Introduction WDM Technology Overview CWDM and Fiber Cabling Multiplexing Equipment Application Examples Wavelength Conversion Charter Examples

TWC vs Charter: Commercial TWC Business Class typically used all CWDM Charter Business used CWDM or CWDM + DWDM TWC CHARTER 1431 1431 1451 1451 1471 1471 1491 1491 1511 COM 1511 COM 1531 1551 1571 1571 1591 1591 1611 1611 1310 PB 1310 PB OTDR 8 channel DWDM (ITU 28 to 35)

DWDM over CWDM Insertion loss OP34 2.9dB Chan to common 3.7 db Com to exp 3.4 db 3. 4 3. 7 67 Proprietary and Confidential 2017 Omnitron Systems

TWC Business Class: Regional Variations Carolinas and CA use 10 channel single fiber Texas, KC, others, uses mostly 8 channel dual fiber

TWC vs Charter: Residential Node Splits Both of these use unusually spaced proprietary O-Band CWDM Corwave 1 LcWDM Downstream (O-Band) 1290,1291,1293,1295 Return Path 1471,1491,1591,1610 Downstream (O-Band) KK LL MM NN RR SS Return Path 1471,1491,1591,1610

Omnitron Product Slides

iconverter CWDM Product Summary Dual Fiber Products: 4 and 8 Channel MUX/DMUX 1 and 2 Channel OADM Single-Fiber Products: 2 and 4 Channel MUX/DEMUX 1 Channel OADM Multi-Service Platform Ethernet, Serial & TDM over Fiber Modular and Compact Chassis System 71

iconverter Multi-Service Platform 72

Additional Resources CWDM Resource Center Visit www.omnitron-systems.com CWDM Design Guide Video CWDM Presentation Case Study CWDM Network Design Support Contact Greg Scott gscott@omnitron-systems.com 949-250-6510 ext 8135 949-278-0908 73

Omnitron Systems Sales and Support Contact Information USA Phone: 949-250-6510, Ext. 8135 Toll Free: 800-675-8410 Email gscott@omnitron-systems.com Web www.omnitron-systems.com 74

Q and A

Thank You! Greg Scott gscott@omnitron-systems.com 949-250-6510 ext 8135 949.278.0908 m