Appendix D Memory Tables Chapter 1 Table 1-2 Routing Protocol Characteristics Routing Protocol Type Primarily IGP or EGP RIP Distance-Vector IGP EIGRP OSPF IS-IS BGP Chapter 3 Table 3-2 Hexadecimal/Binary Conversion Chart Hex Binary Hex Binary 0 0000 8 1 0001 9 2 0010 A 3 0011 B 4 C 5 D 6 E 7 F
4 CCNP Routing and Switching ROUTE 300-101 Official Cert Guide Table 3-5 Summary of IPv6 Address Assignment for Global Unicast Addresses Method Stateful DHCP Stateless Autoconfig Static Configuration Static Config with EUI-64 Dynamic or Static Prefix and Length Learned from... Host Learned from... Default Router Learned from... Dynamic DHCP Server DHCP Server Router, using NDP Static Local config Derived from MAC Router, using NDP DNS Addresses Learned from... (Stateful) DHCP Server Stateless DHCP Table 3-7 Comparing Stateless and Stateful DHCPv6 Services Feature Stateful DHCP Stateless DHCP Remembers IPv6 address (state information) of clients that make requests Assigns IPv6 address to client Supplies useful information, such as DNS server IP addresses Most useful in conjunction with stateless autoconfiguration Yes No Table 3-9 Common Multicast Addresses Purpose IPv6 Address IPv4 Equivalent All IPv6 nodes on the link FF02::1 Subnet broadcast address All IPv6 routers on the link OSPF messages 224.0.0.5, 224.0.0.6 RIPv2 messages 224.0.0.9 EIGRP messages 224.0.0.10 DHCP relay agents (routers that forward to the DHCP server) DHCP servers (site scope) All NTP servers (site scope) FF05::101
Appendix D: Memory Tables 5 Table 3-12 Comparing RIPv2 to RIPng Feature RIPv2 RIPng Advertises routes for... IPv4 IPv6 RIP messages use these Layer 3/4 protocols IPv4, UDP UDP port 521 Use distance vector Default administrative distance Supports VLSM Yes Yes Can perform automatic summarization IPv6, UDP Uses Split Horizon Uses Poison Reverse 30-second periodic full updates Uses triggered updates Uses Hop Count metric Metric meaning infinity Supports route tags Multicast Update destination Authentication RIP-specific Uses IPv6 AH/ESP Chapter 4 Table 4-3 EIGRP Feature Summary Feature Transport Metric Hello interval IP, protocol type 88 (does not use UDP or TCP). Based on constrained bandwidth and cumulative delay by default, and optionally load and reliability. Hold Timer
6 CCNP Routing and Switching ROUTE 300-101 Official Cert Guide Feature Update destination address Full or partial updates Authentication VLSM/classless Route tags Next-hop field Manual route summarization Automatic summarization Multiprotocol Supports the advertisement of IPX, AppleTalk, IP version 4, and IP version 6 routes. Table 4-4 Neighbor Requirements for EIGRP and OSPF Requirement EIGRP OSPF The routers must be able to send/receive IP packets to one another. Yes Yes Interfaces primary IP addresses must be in the same subnet. Must not be passive on the connected interface. Must use the same ASN (EIGRP) or process-id (OSPF) in the router configuration command. Hello interval/timer, plus either the Hold (EIGRP) or Dead (OSPF) timer, must match. Must pass neighbor authentication (if configured). Yes Yes Must be in the same area. Yes IP MTU must match. K-values (used in metric calculation) must match. Router IDs must be unique. No 1 Yes 1 Duplicate EIGRP RIDs do not prevent routers from becoming neighbors, but it can cause problems when adding external EIGRP routes to the IP routing table.
Appendix D: Memory Tables 7 Chapter 5 Table 5-2 Common Defaults for Bandwidth and Delay Interface Type Bandwidth (kbps) Delay (Microseconds) Serial 1544 20,000 GigE 1,000,000 FastE 100,000 Ethernet 10,000 Table 5-4 Parameters on the eigrp stub Command Option connected summary static This Router Is Allowed to... Advertise connected routes but only for interfaces matched with a network command. leak-map name redistributed receive-only Chapter 6 Table 6-4 Configuration Modes of Named EIGRP Configuration Mode Address-Family Address-Family-Interface General EIGRP configuration commands are issued under this configuration mode. For example, router ID, network, and EIGRP stub router configurations are performed here. Multiple address families (for example, IPv4 and IPv6) can be configured under the same EIGRP virtual instance.
8 CCNP Routing and Switching ROUTE 300-101 Official Cert Guide Configuration Mode Address-Family-Topology Chapter 7 Table 7-2 Commonly Used OSPF Terms Term Link-state database (LSDB) Shortest Path First (SPF) Link-State Update (LSU) Link-State Advertisement (LSA) Definition The data structure held by an OSPF router for the purpose of storing topology data The name of the algorithm OSPF uses to analyze the LSDB (Note: The analysis determines the best [lowestcost] route for each prefix/length.) The name of the OSPF packet that holds the detailed topology information, specifically LSAs Area Area border router (ABR) Backbone router Internal routers Designated router (DR) Backup designated router (BDR)
Appendix D: Memory Tables 9 Table 7-4 OSPF Feature Summary Feature Transport Metric Hello interval Dead interval Update destination address IP, protocol type 89 (does not use UDP or TCP). Based on cumulative cost of all outgoing interfaces in a route. The interface cost defaults to a function of interface bandwidth but can be set explicitly. Interval at which a router sends OSPF Hello messages out of an interface. Timer used to determine when a neighboring router has failed, based on a router not receiving any OSPF messages, including Hellos, in this timer period. Full or partial updates Authentication VLSM/classless Route tags Next-hop field Manual route summarization Table 7-5 Neighbor Requirements for EIGRP and OSPF Requirement OSPF EIGRP Interfaces primary IP addresses must be in same subnet. Yes Yes Must not be passive on the connected interface. Yes Yes Must be in same area. Hello interval/timer, plus either the Hold (EIGRP) or Dead (OSPF) timer, must match. Router IDs must be unique. IP MTU must match. Must pass neighbor authentication (if configured). K-values (used in metric calculation) must match. Must use the same ASN (EIGRP) or process ID (OSPF) on the router configuration command. 1 Might allow the other router to be listed in the output of the show ip ospf neighbor command, but the MTU mismatch will prevent proper operation of the topology exchange.
10 CCNP Routing and Switching ROUTE 300-101 Official Cert Guide Table 7-6 OSPF Network Types Interface Type Uses DR/BDR? Default Hello Interval Dynamic Discovery of Neighbors? Broadcast Yes 10 Yes Yes Point-to-point 1 No 10 Yes No Loopback No No Nonbroadcast 2 (NBMA) Point-tomultipoint Point-tomultipoint nonbroadcast 1 Default on Frame Relay point-to-point subinterfaces. 2 Default on Frame Relay physical and multipoint subinterfaces. More Than Two Routers Allowed in the Subnet? Chapter 8 Table 8-2 OSPF LSA Types LSA Type Common Name 1 Router 2 Network 3 Net Summary 4 ASBR Summary 5 AS External 6 Group Membership Defined for MOSPF; not supported by Cisco IOS.
Appendix D: Memory Tables 11 LSA Type Common Name 7 NSSA External Created by ASBRs inside an NSSA area, instead of a Type 5 LSA. 8 Link LSAs Type 8 LSAs only exist on a local link, where they are used by a router to advertise the router s link-local address to all other routers on the same link. Additionally, the Type 8 LSA provides to routers on that link a listing of all IPv6 addresses associated with the link. 9 Intra-Area Prefix LSAs Can send information about IPv6 networks (including stub networks) attached to a router (similar to the Type 1 LSA for IPv4 networks). Additionally, a Type 9 LSA can send information about transit IPv6 network segments within an area (similar to the Type 2 LSA for IPv4 networks). 10, 11 Opaque Used as generic LSAs to allow easy future extension of OSPF. For example, Type 10 has been adapted for MPLS traffic engineering. Table 8-4 OSPF Message Types and Functions Message Name/Number Hello Database (DD or DBD) Used to discover neighbors and supply information used to confirm that two routers should be allowed to become neighbors, to bring a neighbor relationship to a 2-Way state, and to monitor a neighbor s responsiveness in case it fails. Link-State Request (LSR) Link-State Update (LSU) Link-State Acknowledgment (LSAck)
12 CCNP Routing and Switching ROUTE 300-101 Official Cert Guide Table 8-5 OSPF Neighbor State Reference State Down Attempt Init Meaning No Hellos have been received from this neighbor for more than the Dead interval. Used when the neighbor is defined with the neighbor command, after sending a Hello, but before receiving a Hello from that neighbor. 2-Way ExStart Exchange Loading Full Chapter 9 Table 9-4 OSPF Stubby Area Types Area Type ABRs Flood Type 5 External LSAs into the Area? ABRs Flood Type 3 Summary LSAs into the Area? Stub No Yes No Totally stubby NSSA Totally NSSA Allows Redistribution of External LSAs into the Stubby Area?
Appendix D: Memory Tables 13 Chapter 10 Table 10-2 Parameters of the EIGRP redistribute Command Option protocol process-id, as-number metric match The source of routing information. Includes bgp, connected, eigrp, isis, mobile, ospf, static and rip. If redistributing a routing protocol that uses a process ID or ASN on the router global config command, use this parameter to refer to that process or ASN value. A keyword after which follow the four metric components (bandwidth, delay, reliability, link load), plus the MTU associated with the route. tag route-map Table 10-4 Parameters on the OSPF redistribute Command Option protocol process-id, as-number metric The source of routing information. Includes bgp, connected, eigrp, isis, mobile, ospf, static, and rip. If redistributing a routing protocol that uses a process ID or AS number on the router global config command, use this parameter to refer to that process ID or ASN value. metric-type {1 2} match tag
14 CCNP Routing and Switching ROUTE 300-101 Official Cert Guide Option route-map subnets Table 10-10 Default Administrative Distances Route Type Administrative Distance Connected Static EIGRP summary route 5 ebgp EIGRP (internal) IGRP 100 OSPF 110 IS-IS RIP On-Demand Routing (ODR) 160 EIGRP (external) 170 ibgp Unreachable 255 Chapter 12 Table 12-2 Names of NAT IP Addresses NAT IP Address Inside local Inside global Outside local Definition A private IP address referencing an inside device Outside global
Appendix D: Memory Tables 15 Chapter 13 Table 13-4 Comparing OSPF and EIGRP Logic to BGP OSPF/EIGRP Forms neighbor relationship before sending routing information Neighbors typically discovered using multicast packets on the connected subnets Does not use TCP BGP Same Neighbor IP address is explicitly configured and may not be on common subnet Advertises prefix/length Advertises metric information Emphasis on fast convergence to the truly most efficient route Link-state (OSPF) or distance-vector (EIGRP) logic Table 13-6 State Idle Connect Active BGP Neighbor States Typical Reasons The BGP process is either administratively down or awaiting the next retry attempt. The BGP process is waiting for the TCP connection to be completed. You cannot determine from this state information whether the TCP connection can complete. Opensent Openconfirm Established
16 CCNP Routing and Switching ROUTE 300-101 Official Cert Guide Table 13-7 BGP Message Types Message Purpose Similarity with EIGRP Open Keepalive Used to establish a neighbor relationship and exchange basic parameters, including ASN and authentication values. Hello Update Notification No direct equivalent Chapter 14 Table 14-4 BGP Path Attributes That Affect the BGP Best-Path Algorithm PA Enterprise Route Direction (Typical) Next_Hop Weight 1 A numeric value, range 0 through 2 16 1, set by a router when receiving Updates, influencing that one router s route for a prefix. Not advertised to any BGP peers. Local Preference (Local_Pref) A numeric value, range 0 through 2 32 1, set and communicated throughout a single AS for the purpose of influencing the choice of best route for all routers in that AS. AS_Path (length) Origin Outbound Outbound Multi-Exit Discriminator (MED) 1 Weight is not a BGP PA; it is a Cisco-proprietary feature that acts somewhat like a PA.
Table 14-5 BGP Decision Process Plus Mnemonic: N WLLA OMNI Step Mnemonic Letter Short Phrase Which Is Better? Appendix D: Memory Tables 17 0 N Next hop: reachable? If no route to reach Next_Hop, router cannot use this route. 1 W Weight Bigger. 2 L 3 L 4 A 5 O 6 M 7 N 8 I Chapter 16 Table 16-3 urpf Configuration Parameters Parameter rx any allow-default Enables urpf in strict mode Enables urpf in loose mode allow-self-ping acl
18 CCNP Routing and Switching ROUTE 300-101 Official Cert Guide Table 16-4 Contrasting the TACACS+ and RADIUS Protocols Characteristic TACACS+ RADIUS Transport layer protocol TCP UDP Modularity Encryption Accounting functionality Standards-based Table 16-5 Components of an SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c Network Management Solution Component SNMP manager SNMP agent An SNMP manager runs a network management application. This SNMP manager is sometimes referred to as a Network Management Server (NMS). Management Information Base (MIB) Chapter 17 Table 17-2 OSPF Authentication Types OSPF Authentication Type Type 0 Type 1 Type 2 Does not provide any authentication