INTRODUCTION BEFORE YOU BEGIN Streaming media is more user friendly and copyright friendly than direct download for large video files. Your movie begins playing almost immediately, compared to waiting several minutes for the entire file to download before playing. And you don t have to worry about anyone copying the video and redistributing it, because it plays directly from the server and cannot be downloaded or saved to a computer. This allows you to extend the Fair Use rights of copyrighted videos beyond your classroom for distance learning or web enhanced courses. Publishing your existing digital movie content using the streaming server is a four step process: 1. Export the file to a streaming compatible format 2. Upload the exported file to the streaming server 3. Create a reference movie file that points to the uploaded video 4. Post the reference movie online usually on Blackboard Before you can upload media files to the streaming server, an account must be created for you on the server. Contact the IT Help Desk at x6911 or submit a service request online to have your account created on the streaming server. It may take a few days before your account is set up and ready to use. This document assumes you have already created and edited your video content using a program such as imovie or Windows Movie Maker. The POD Center can provide resources if you need help with recording or editing your digital movies. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS QUICKTIME PRO QuickTime Pro (for Windows or Mac OS X) is used to convert your existing movie content to a format that is compatible with the streaming media server. It is also used to create reference movies. You may purchase a license for this software from www.apple.com/quicktime/pro. MAKEREFMOVIE If your video editing software has the capability of encoding movies for streaming (for example, imovie) you may not need to purchase QuickTime Pro. You can use the free MakeRefMovie (or MakeRefMovie X for Mac OS X) tool to create your reference movie. Download it from developer.apple.com/quicktime/quicktimeintro/tools/. Last updated 2/12/2008 Page 1
STEP 1: EXPORTING YOUR MOVIE FOR STREAMING WINDOWS EXPORTING FROM WINDOWS MOVIE MAKER QuickTime Pro does not support Windows Media files (.wmv), so videos created in Windows Movie Maker or Photo Story will first need to be saved in another format. If your video is already in another format (.avi,.mpg,.mov) you can skip to Converting in QuickTime Pro (below). 1. Click File > Save Movie File 2. Select My Computer and click Next, then enter a name and location to save your file. 3. In the Movie Settings window, choose Other settings. 4. From the Other settings drop down box, select DV AVI (NTSC). 5. Click Next to export your movie. This process will create a very large.avi file that you can open in QuickTime Pro and export for streaming (see Converting in QuickTime Pro, below). After converting the movie, you can delete the.avi file to free up storage space on your computer. CONVERTING IN QUICKTIME PRO 1. Run QuickTime and open your video file by selecting Open File from the File menu. 2. Click the play button to make sure your movie plays correctly in QuickTime. 3. Select Export from the File menu. 4. Enter a name and location to save your file. 5. In the Export drop down box select Movie to MPEG 4. 6. In the Use drop down box select Streaming Medium. 7. Click the Save button. MAC OS X EXPORTING FROM imovie 1. Open an existing imovie project, or create a new one to import video from a file or from your videotape via firewire. Last updated 2/12/2008 Page 2
2. Select QuickTime from the Share menu. 3. In the Compress movie for drop down box, select Expert Settings then click Share. 4. Enter a name and location to save your file. 5. In the Export drop down box select Movie to MPEG 4. 6. In the Use drop down box select Streaming Medium. 7. Click the Save button. CONVERTING IN QUICKTIME PRO If you are not exporting your video file from imovie, you will need to use QuickTime Pro to convert your movie into a format that is compatible with the streaming server. See Converting in QuickTime Pro in the Windows section of these directions (above). STEP 2: UPLOADING TO THE STREAMING SERVER WINDOWS MAC OS X To place your movie file on the streaming server, just copy the MP4 file to your Q: drive. This drive should be automatically mapped when you log in to any computer on the network. If not, open My Computer and select Map Network Drive from the Tools menu. Choose Q: for the Drive, and type \\streaming.nku.edu\username (replace username with your NKU username). To connect to the streaming server, select Connect to Server from the Go menu in the Finder. Type smb://streaming.nku.edu/username (replace username with your NKU username) and click Connect. An icon for this network drive will appear on your desktop. Copy the MP4 file to this drive to put your movie on the streaming server. STEP 3: CREATING A REFERENCE MOVIE WHAT IS A REFERENCE MOVIE? A reference movie is a small QuickTime file that acts as a pointer to other movies. This small movie can be uploaded to Blackboard or embedded in a web page. When a student clicks on the reference movie, it automatically loads your content from the streaming server. This means there are no complex URLs or compatibility issues. More advanced reference movies can link to different files based upon settings such as a user s connection speed, operating system version, or QuickTime version. Last updated 2/12/2008 Page 3
ACCESSING YOUR MOVIE ON THE STREAMING SERVER The first step in creating the reference movie is to open your file on the streaming server. This allows you to make sure your movie will stream and to easily save the pointer to the file on the streaming server. In QuickTime Player, select Open URL from the File menu. Type the following URL to open your movie from the streaming server: rtsp://streaming.nku.edu/username/file.mp4 Replace username with your NKU username and file.mp4 with the name of the movie you copied to the server. After a few seconds, you should be able to click play to view your streaming video. Once you have tested your video, you are ready to make the reference movie. CREATING THE REFERENCE MOVIE USING QUICKTIME PRO 1. After opening your streaming video in the QuickTime Player, select Save As from the File menu. 2. In the Save As window, enter a name and location for your reference movie. 3. Select Save as a reference movie. 4. Click Save. 5. If you see a warning that says You cannot save this document with extension.mp4 click the Use.mov button. USING MAKEREFMOVIE 1. Run MakeRefMovie (or MakeRefMovie X on Mac OS X), and enter a name and location for your reference movie. 2. Select Add URL from the Movie menu. 3. Replace http:// with the URL you used in the previous step (in the format rtsp://streaming.nku.edu/username/file.mp4) 4. Select Save from the File menu, then Quit. You can also use MakeRefMovie to create a reference movie that will automatically load different streaming videos depending on the user s connection speed, QuickTime version, or other criteria. For details, see www.apple.com/quicktime/tutorials/refmovies.html. STEP 4: PUBLISHING YOUR STREAMING MOVIE VIEWING REQUIREMENTS Your students will need QuickTime version 7 or newer to view your streaming movies. They can download this for free from www.apple.com/quicktime. If you are providing videos to a wider Last updated 2/12/2008 Page 4
audience and want to ensure that your files will be viewable to more people without requiring a software upgrade, follow the steps below: 1. When exporting your movie with QuickTime Pro or imovie, after you select Export: Movie to MPEG 4 and Use: Streaming Medium, click the Options button. 2. In the Video Format drop down box, change H.264 to MPEG 4 Improved and click OK. 3. This video format is compatible with older versions of QuickTime, but the video quality will be greatly reduced. For the best results, export your movie into both formats to create two separate files, and use the MakeRefMovie tool to create a reference movie that will load the appropriate file depending on the user s QuickTime version. For details, see www.apple.com/quicktime/tutorials/refmovies.html. POSTING IN BLACKBOARD Blackboard is the only place you can post streaming videos containing copyrighted material in order to maintain Fair Use rights. See Copyright Guidelines for Streaming Media for details. While editing any Content Area of your Blackboard course, click. Under section 2 (Content) click the Browse button (or Choose File) next to Attach local file. Select your reference movie and click Open (or Choose). In the Special Action drop down box, select Display media file within the page. Click the Submit button at the bottom of the page. You will see more options for displaying the video. Next to Controls select Yes to display the play/pause button and the progress bar under the video. The controls will make the video box a little larger, so change the number in the Set Height box to 260. Click Submit, and you re done. PUBLISHING OUTSIDE OF BLACKBOARD If you are working with videos on the streaming server for which you own the copyright (i.e., your original works), you may publish them outside of Blackboard. You can attach the reference movie to an e mail or upload it to a web site. Add the following HTML code to embed the video in a web page so it can be played right from the page. <embed src="sample.mov" width="320" height="240" autoplay="false" controller= true > For more information about the attributes for the <embed> tag, see www.apple.com/quicktime/tutorials/embed2.html. Last updated 2/12/2008 Page 5
COPYRIGHT GUIDELINES FOR STREAMING MEDIA When using copyrighted content that is not your original work, you must follow the guidelines below: 1. If you have not obtained permission from the copyright holder to use the content in your class project, you must determine that use of the material to meet your educational objectives is a fair use of the work. If display of the work is considered a fair use in a traditional classroom setting, it should also be considered a fair use as streaming media as long as it is available only to students in that course and only for a limited amount of time. Remember that fair use does not mean unlimited use either in the amount of content or the frequency of its use. 2. For each copyrighted work you use in your class and/or on the streaming server, complete the Checklist for Fair Use judiciously, and be sure to credit the original author. Retain a copy of the Checklist as a record of your reasonable fair use analysis. 3. Links or reference movies that point to copyrighted work on the streaming server for use in a university course may only be posted to that course s Blackboard site, or otherwise made available only to students enrolled in that course. They should never be posted on a publicly available web site. 4. Links or reference movies that point to copyrighted work on the streaming server for which NKU has a university wide license may only be posted on web sites that require authentication as a current student, staff, or faculty member, or otherwise made available only to members of the campus community. 5. Files containing copyrighted material on the streaming server must be deleted or renamed at the end of the semester to prevent unauthorized access. If you plan to continue using the same material in future semesters, you should first obtain permission from the copyright holder. 6. Users wishing to upload copyrighted material to the streaming server must own a legally obtained copy of the original work. 7. Copyrighted works in analog format (VHS or cassette tape) may only be uploaded to the streaming server if a usable digital version (DVD or CD) is not available. If one is available, a legally obtained digital copy must be used as the source for any streaming media content. Last updated 2/12/2008 Page 6
Checklist for Fair Use: Introduction Prepared by the COPYRIGHT MANAGEMENT CENTER Kenneth D. Crews, Associate Dean of the Faculties for Copyright Management Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis 530 West New York Street Indianapolis, IN 46202-3225 Voice: 317-274-4400 Fax: 317-278-3326 http://www.copyright.iupui.edu copyinfo@iupui.edu We are pleased to offer the following Checklist for Fair Use as a helpful tool for the academic community. We hope that it will serve two purposes. First, it should help educators, librarians, and others to focus on factual circumstances that are important to the evaluation of a contemplated fair use of copyrighted works. A reasonable fair-use analysis is based on four factors set forth in the fair-use provision of copyright law, Section 107 of the Copyright Act of 1976. The application of those factors depends on the particular facts of your situation, and changing one or more facts may alter the outcome of the analysis. The Checklist for Fair Use derives from those four factors and from the judicial decisions interpreting copyright law. A second purpose of the checklist is to provide an important means for recording your decision-making process. Maintaining a record of your fair-use analysis is critical to establishing your reasonable and good-faith attempts to apply fair use to meet your educational objectives. Section 504 (c)(2) of the Copyright Act offers some protection for educators and librarians who act in good faith. Once you have completed your application of fair use to a particular need, keep your completed checklist in your files for future reference. As you use the checklist and apply it to your situation, you are likely to check more than one box in each column and even check boxes across columns. Some checked boxes will favor fair use, and others may oppose fair use. A key concern is whether you are acting reasonably in checking any given box; the ultimate concern is whether the cumulative weight of the factors favors or opposes fair use. Because you are most familiar with your project, you are probably best positioned to make that decision. To learn more about fair use and other aspects of copyright law, visit the Copyright Management Center website at http://www.copyright.iupui.edu. Revised: April 1, 2004 Copyright 2004, Indiana University Thanks to Dwayne K. Buttler, now at the University of Louisville, for his assistance with creating the checklist.
CHECKLIST FOR FAIR USE Please complete and retain a copy of this form in connection with each possible "fair use" of a copyrighted work for your project Name: Date: Project: Institution: Prepared by: Favoring Fair Use PURPOSE Opposing Fair Use Teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use) Commercial activity Research Profiting from the use Scholarship Entertainment Nonprofit Educational Institution Bad-faith behavior Criticism Denying credit to original author Comment News reporting Transformative or Productive use (changes the work for new utility) Restricted access (to students or other appropriate group) Parody Favoring Fair Use NATURE Opposing Fair Use Published work Unpublished work Factual or nonfiction based Highly creative work (art, music, novels, films, plays) Important to favored educational objectives Fiction Favoring Fair Use AMOUNT Opposing Fair Use Small quantity Large portion or whole work used Portion used is not central Portion used is central to work or significant to entire work or "heart of the work" Amount is appropriate for favored educational purpose Favoring Fair Use EFFECT Opposing Fair Use User owns lawfully acquired Could replace sale of copyrighted work or purchased copy of original work Significantly impairs market or potential One or few copies made market for copyrighted work or derivative No significant effect on the market or Reasonably available licensing mechanism potential market for copyrighted work for use of the copyrighted work No similar product marketed by the copyright holder Affordable permission available for using work Lack of licensing mechanism Numerous copies made You made it accessible on Web or in other public forum Repeated or long-term use This document is provided as a courtesy of the Copyright Management Center, IUPUI, 530 W. New York St., Indianapolis, IN 46202. For further information and updates please visit http://www.copyright.iupui.edu/. This document last updated March 10, 2003.