Web Information System Design Tatsuya Hagino (hagino@sfc.keio.ac.jp) 1
Course Summary Understanding the current Web architecture Web components Web as document space Structure of Web documents Web principles Current Web (Web of Documents) Knowing the future Web Web as knowledge space Web of data Semantic Web Future Web (Web of Data) 2
Class Schedule Part 1: Web of Documents No.1 History of the Web No.2 Web Documents No.3 Put Style to Web Documents No.4 Foundation of Web Documents No.5 Accessing Web No.6 Web of Documents No.7 Mid Term Presentation Part 2: Web of Data No.8 Data on the Web No.9 Resource Description Framework No.10 Open Data No.11 Linked Open Data No.12 Ontology on the Web No.13 Web of Data No.14 Final Presentation 3
No.1 History of the Web Tatsuya Hagino 4
Question What is Web? What can you do using Web? How important Web is? If there were no Web, how could you get information? 5
Invention of Web When 1989-1990 Where CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) at Geneva, Switzerland http://www.cern.ch/ Who Tim Berners-Lee (British, Computer Engineer) For what In order to answer: Where is this module used? Who wrote this code? Where does he work? What documents exist about that concept? Which laboratories are included in that project? Which systems depend on this device? What documents refer to this one? How Web = Hypertext + Internet 6
CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) Google map Google map 7 Pictures from http://public.web.cern.ch/public/
Proposal of Web by Tim Berners-Lee Information Management: A Proposal 8 http://www.w3.org/history/1989/proposal.html
Compare Three Methods Trees Keywords Hypertext Easy to manage. Do not reflect complicated reality. Fast to search. Assign keywords beforehand. Users do not know keywords. Can express any structure. Keywords can be nodes. WEB 9
What is Web? Web = Internet + Hypertext Internet Local networks are connected together. Using TCP/IP Hypertext Text with references (hyperlinks) to other text Nonlinear text Coined by Ted Nelson in 1963 10
Web = Internet + Hypertext text 文書 text Hyperlink text 文書 text Hyperlink text 文書 text Hyperlink text 文書 text 11
Web Basic Components Prepare documents using HTML and CSS Get documents from server using HTTP Address documents by URL HTML document HTML document HTML document HTML document Internet URL HTML document Web Server HTTP Web Browser 12
First Important Inventions of Web HTML + CSS Web page description language HTML: Hypertext Markup Language Describe the content CSS: Cascading Style Sheet Describe the style CSS + HTML HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Protocol for transferring Web page Simplification of anonymous FTP Handle multimedia Language negotiation HTTP 0.8 HTTP 1.0 HTTP 1.1 URL: Uniform Resource Locator Address of Web page URL URI IRI 13
First Web Server and Web Browser Implemented on NeXT computer Browser can also edit documents HyperMedia Browser/Editor 14 http://info.cern.ch/default.html
Why Web Becomes Popular? Free Gopher has license problem (free for academic use only) Open system Anybody can join Search engine automatically collect documents Not strict Broken links (404 Not Found) HTML grammar error Standardization IETF World Wide Web Consortium Not perfect as hypertext system Snow ball effect 15
From Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 and Beyond 1990 2000 2010 Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0? HTML CSS HTTP URL XML Ajax blog SNS Web Services Social Bookmark RDF OWL SPARQL RIF Linked Data Personal Use Cooperate Use Personal Use read write read only read write Intranet World Wide Community 16
Prediction of Web Development 4.0 17 http://www.popxpop.com/archives/2007/02/web40.html
What is Web for? Web is the killer application of the Internet. Become social infrastructure Use Web to find information Use Web to get service Two purposes of Web Human to human communication for anybody from anywhere Human to machine communication to solve problems 18
Help Human to Human Communication Anybody can use: Text format No need for special software Internationalization Can show any natural language Ruby Vertical writing Accessibility Handicapped people Separation of content and presentation Voice browser Authoring Tool Accessibility Guideline Web Content Accessibility Guideline Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust User Agent Accessibility Guideline Use from anywhere: Independent from OS Independent from device PC, TV, mobile phone 19
Help Human to Machine Communication Problem solving using Web: Search engine can find only pages No general application available HTML documents are for human to read. Semantic Web: Prepare data for machines to process Agents collect data to solve problems. HTML + RDF 20
Summary History of the Web Invention of Web HTML and CSS HTTP URL From Web 1.0 to Web 3.0 Purpose of Web Human to human communication Human to machine communication 21
Question What is missing in the Web? What do you think problems of the Web? Can you propose new features of Web? 22