Keynote Speech IoT and 5G: Verticals and Network Architectures Roberto Verdone Radio Networks, DEI, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna IDESIO, IoT Strategist & Co-Founder
Acknowledgements Telecom Italia Antonio Manzalini, Fabio Luigi Bellifemine, Roberto De Bonis Radio Networks, Univ. of Bologna Chiara Buratti, Danilo Abrignani, Stefan Mijovic, Andrea Stajkic, Riccardo Cavallari, Colian Giannini, Charles Katila, Luca Feltrin Stavros Toumpis, Athens Univ. of Econ. and Business Newcom / EuWIn partners Sergio Palazzo, Giacomo Morabito, and others idesio srl
Introduction 50 billion Things connected by 2020 (Cisco) 7 trillion Devices connected by 2020 (5G PPP) 5G claimed to be the main enabler for the IoT Things 5G Networks
Introduction 50 billion Things connected by 2020 (Cisco) 7 trillion Devices connected by 2020 (5G PPP) 5G claimed to be the main enabler for the IoT Verticals Things Radio Technologies Network Architectures 5G Networks
Outline
Outline Conclusions
Conclusions
Conclusions From the POV of Network Architectures there are three main IoT Application Categories: 1) Industrial and Automotive IoT with zero latency constraints 2) Delay Constrained IoT 3) Delay Tolerant IoT
Conclusions From the POV of Network Architectures there are three main IoT Application Categories: 1) Industrial and Automotive IoT with zero latency constraints 2) Delay Constrained IoT 3) Delay Tolerant IoT Larger Numbers
Conclusions 1) Industrial and Automotive IoT: the solution is in 5G networks We just need to wait
Conclusions 2) Delay Constrained IoT: the solution is already out there We just need good business models and use the right technology option
Conclusions 3) Delay Tolerant IoT: the solution might be in the sky
Outline Conclusions Internet of Things and 5G IoT Application Areas (Verticals) Radio Technologies Network Architectures
Internet of Things and 5G
1 Why we need 5G? 7 th SNOW, Cortina d Ampezzo, January 2016 Internet of Things and 5G Extracted from HIRP Journal, June 2015 A New Air Interface New Requirements A Software Defined Network 5G will have fundamental impact on the ICT dustrial transformation and human life. As to be key enabler of the future digital world, 5G is to an ultimate platform for a connected world to able new ways of innovation and collaboration Mobile broadband will permeate all areas society in the future and the users would expect better blueprint for the networked world. Huaw has proposed Everything on Mobile, Everythin connected, Every function virtualized as th
Internet of Things and 5G Ultra Capacity x 1000 Ultra High Rate x 100 Ultra Low Latency 10 Massive Connectivity x 100 (x 1000?) Ultra Low Energy Consumption 1000 Extracted from HIRP Journal, June 2015
Internet of Things and 5G Ultra Capacity x 1000 Ultra High Rate x 100 Ultra Low Latency 10 (< 1 ms) Massive Connectivity x 100 Ultra Low Energy Consumption 1000 Extracted from HIRP Journal, June 2015
Internet of Things and 5G Sensors WSN Objects Machines RFid M2M
Internet of Things and 5G Objects RFid Objects equipped with RFid Tags: Identification Passive No computing capabilities ROM
Internet of Things and 5G Sensors WSN M2M Embedded devices equipped with sensors: Sensing Battery or energy grid Some computing capabilities energy RAM m sensor
Internet of Things and 5G Machines M2M Machines equipped with sensors / actuators: Sensing & Actuation Industrial Control High computing capabilities actuator energy RAM mpc sensor
Internet of Things and 5G Sensors WSN Objects Machines RFid M2M The IoT intends to connect through the Internet, wirelessly, unmanned devices of very different nature, complexity and capabilities.
Internet of Things and 5G Sensors WSN Objects Machines RFid M2M Things 5G Networks
Internet of Things and 5G Takeaway One Size Does Not Fit All
IoT Application Areas (Verticals)
IoT Application Areas (Verticals) Application Areas of the early ages: Smart Buildings Smart Cities
IoT Application Areas (Verticals) Application Areas of the early ages: Smart Buildings Smart Cities Energy Gas Water Surveillance Maintenance LC LC BC LC Flat LC Internet
IoT Application Areas (Verticals) Application Areas of the early ages: Smart Buildings Smart Cities Public Lighting Energy Wastes Traffic Surveillance Monitoring and control Internet
IoT Application Areas (Verticals) Many actors are currently looking into the crystal ball analysing and categorising IoT verticals and their business potentials: 5G PPP IA GSMA IoT fora/projects
IoT Application Areas (Verticals)
IoT Application Areas (Verticals) Zero Latency
IoT Application Areas (Verticals) Delay Constrained
IoT Application Areas (Verticals) Delay Tolerant
IoT Application Areas (Verticals) IoT applications might even be categorised wrt node mobility - Static Things - Nomadic Things - Mobile Things
IoT Application Areas (Verticals) Takeaway Most IoT applications will require non-zero latency and will actually tolerate significant delays Most Things will be static or nomadic, unlike mobile Internet devices (smartphones, etc.)
Radio Technologies
Radio Technologies Traditional options: 802.15.4 / Zigbee 802.15.4 / 6lowPAN WiFi GPRS 3G / 4G many others (WMBUS, BT-LE, etc)
Radio Technologies Most successful ones: 802.15.4 / Zigbee 802.15.4 / 6lowPAN Short Range Low Rate Low Power
Radio Technologies Emerging options: LoRA SIGFOX Long Range Low Rate Low Power
Radio Technologies Future options: Cellular Based Low Power Based on LTE Based on 2G New Interface LTE Cat.0 3GPP: Rel. 12 LTE-M 3GPP: Rel. 13 EC-GSM (Enhanced Coverage) NB-IOT NB-GSM NB-LTE NB-CIOT a.k.a. MTC
Radio Technologies Takeaway About 20 options within two years
Network Architectures
Network Architectures / Traditional Options IP Capillary C R Traditional WSN C G 5G
Network Architectures / Emerging Options IP Capillary C R Traditional WSN C G 5G LoRa C G
Network Architectures / Cellular Cellular IP Capillary C R Traditional WSN C G 5G LoRa C G
Network Architectures / DTN Cellular IP Capillary C R Traditional WSN C G 5G LoRa C G Delay Tolerant Networking R R R G
Network Architectures Cellular Latency 1 ms IP Capillary Traditional WSN C C R G 10 ms LoRa C G 1 s Delay Tolerant Networking R R R G > 10 s
Network Architectures Zero Latency Applications Latency 1 ms IP Capillary Traditional WSN C C R G 10 ms LoRa C G 1 s Delay Tolerant Networking R R R G > 10 s
Network Architectures Zero Latency Applications Latency 1 ms Delay Constrained Applications Delay Constrained Applications C C R G 10 ms Delay Constrained Applications C G 1 s Delay Tolerant Networking R R R G > 10 s
Network Architectures Zero Latency Applications Latency 1 ms Delay Constrained Applications Delay Constrained Applications C C R G 10 ms Delay Constrained Applications C G 1 s Delay Tolerant Applications R R R G > 10 s
Network Architectures / Traditional Options
Network Architectures / Traditional Options IP Capillary C R Traditional WSN C G 5G
Network Architectures / Traditional Options 1 End-to-End Throughput of Ad Hoc Multi-Hop Networks Through Path Level Markov Chains Chiara Buratti, Roberto Verdone Chiara Buratti, DEI, University of Bologna, Italy Email: c.buratti@unibo.it 11 Roberto Verdone, DEI, University of Bologna, Italy 1 1 1 1 Email: roberto.verdone@unibo.it I,R,..,R T 1 (0),R,..,R 1 T 2 (0),R,..,R 1. T rmax+1 (0),R,..,R 1 1 B 1,1 (0),R,..,R I, T 1 (1),..,R 1.. 1 1.. 1 1 1 1.. B 1,W-1 (0),R,..,R 1 1 I, B (1) 1,1,..,R I,B (1).. 1,W-1,..,R 1 1 B 2,1 (0),R,..,R I, T 2 (1),..,R 1 I,B 2,1 (1),..,R 1.... 1 1 1.. 1 1 1.. B (0) 2,W-1,R,..,R 1. I,B 2,W-1 (1),..,R Corresponding Author Address: Chiara Buratti 1 V.le Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, ITALY I,T rmax+1 (1),..,R Tel: +39-0512093147 e-mail: c.buratti@unibo.it..... 1 1 1 1 I,R,..,T 1 (n) 1 I,R,..,T 2 (n) 1. I,R,..,T rmax+1 (n) 1.. 1.. 1 1 I,R,..,B 1,1 (n) 1 1.. I,R,..,B 1,W-1 (n) I,R,..,B 2,1 (n) 1 1.. I,R,..,B 2,W-1 (n) Fig. 2. The PLMC for the n-relay network when using up to r max retransmissions. Ideal acknowledgement. By solving the above system we can derive the following state probabilities: 1 π I = 1+ p ξ p π ( j ) = p j (1 p ) i 1 r max (1 p ) l j for i { 1,..,r +1} and j { 0,..,n}
Network Architectures / Traditional Options How to keep latency under control? Delay Constrained Applications C R Delay Constrained Applications C G 5G
Network Architectures / Traditional Options Full separation Delay Constrained Applications C R Delay Constrained Applications C G 5G Distributed Control
Network Architectures / SDWN Controller C G 5G Centralised control
Network Architectures / SDWN Static Things C G 5G
Network Architectures / SDWN 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 20 Bytes payload Average RTT [ms] 1 hop 2 hop 3 hop SDWN Zigbee 6LowPAN
Network Architectures / SDWN Overhead One Hop Two hops SDWN 2.5 5.5 Zigbee 6.5 11.5 6LowPAN 10.5 16.5
Network Architectures / SDWN C G 5G
Network Architectures / SDWN C G 5G
Network Architectures / SDWN Cloud RAN RRH BBU controller 5G BBU SDN: Centralised control
Network Architectures / SDWN BBU controller Nomadic Things C G C G BBU 5G
Network Architectures / DTN
Network Architectures / DTN 5G Delay Tolerant Networking R R R G
Network Architectures / DTN What Kind of Roaming Router / Gateway? 5G Delay Tolerant Applications R R R G
Network Architectures / DTN What Kind of Roaming Router / Gateway? In the city centre of Bologna 60% of buildings can be connected to any other within 4 hours exploiting pedestrian and bus mobility and their WiFi. 5G Delay Tolerant Applications R R R G
Network Architectures / DTN Data Ardito Desio User Rural Areas www.idesio.com Maritime Areas Mountain Areas Precision Agriculture Air Ground Infrastructure
Network Architectures / DTN Care
Network Architectures / DTN The solution might be in the sky In the city centre of Bologna there are 1000 pigeons per sqkm
Network Architectures / DTN
Network Architectures Takeaway SDWN can efficiently reduce latency for Delay Constrained Applications with Static or Nomadic Things DTN can be applied for Delay Tolerant Applications
Conclusions From the POV of Network Architectures there are three main IoT Application Categories: 1) Industrial and Automotive IoT with zero latency constraints 5G 2) Delay Constrained IoT SDWN 3) Delay Tolerant IoT DTN
IoT and 5G: Verticals and Network Architectures Roberto Verdone roberto.verdone@unibo.it rv@idesio.com Thank you