Atmel System Peripheral and Memory Products. Temperature Sensor, Crypto and Serial Memory Solutions

Similar documents
AVR42789: Writing to Flash on the New tinyavr Platform Using Assembly

USER GUIDE. Atmel QT1 Xplained Pro. Preface

ATECC108/ATSHA204 USER GUIDE. Atmel Firmware Library. Features. Introduction

Ethernet1 Xplained Pro

USER GUIDE. Atmel QT6 Xplained Pro. Preface

Smart RF Device Family - Getting Started Guide. Features. Description. References ATAN0115 APPLICATION NOTE

APPLICATION NOTE. Atmel QT4 Xplained Pro User Guide ATAN0114. Preface

ATAES132A Firmware Development Library. Introduction. Features. Atmel CryptoAuthentication USER GUIDE

QT3 Xplained Pro. Preface. Atmel QTouch USER GUIDE

AT03975: Getting Started with SAM L21. Descripton. Features. SMART ARM-Based Microcontroller APPLICATION NOTE

USER GUIDE. ATWINC1500 Xplained Pro. Preface

ATECC108. Atmel CryptoAuthentication SUMMARY DATASHEET. Features. Applications NOT RECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGNS. Replaced by ATECC108A

USER GUIDE EDBG. Description

USER GUIDE. Atmel OLED1 Xplained Pro. Preface

APPLICATION NOTE. AT11008: Migration from ATxmega16D4/32D4 Revision E to Revision I. Atmel AVR XMEGA. Introduction. Features

AT60142H/HT. Rad-Hard 512Kx8 Very Low Power CMOS SRAM ERRATA-SHEET. Active Errata List. Errata History. Abbreviations. 1.

QT2 Xplained Pro. Preface. Atmel QTouch USER GUIDE

USER GUIDE. Atmel Segment LCD1 Xplained Pro. Preface

Atmel AVR1619: XMEGA-B1 Xplained Demonstration. 8-bit Atmel Microcontrollers. Application Note. Features. 1 Introduction

EDBG. Description. Programmers and Debuggers USER GUIDE

Atmel CryptoAuthentication Starter Kit

AVR42772: Data Logger Demo Application on XMEGA A1U Xplained Pro. Introduction. Features. AVR XMEGA Microcontrollers APPLICATION NOTE

AT88CK101 HARDWARE USER GUIDE. Atmel CryptoAuthentication Development Kit. Atmel CryptoAuthentication AT88CK101 Daughterboard

LBAT90USB162 Atmel. LBAT90USB162 Development Board User s Manual

APPLICATION NOTE. Atmel AT03304: SAM D20 I 2 C Slave Bootloader SAM D20. Description. Features

APPLICATION NOTE. AT03324: Atmel REB212BSMA-EK Quick Start Guide. Atmel MCU Wireless. Introduction

ATtiny817 QTouch Moisture Demo User Guide. Description. Features. AVR 8-bit Microcontrollers USER GUIDE

AVR1518: XMEGA-A1 Xplained Training - XMEGA Clock System. 8-bit Atmel Microcontrollers. Application Note. Prerequisites.

SBAT90USB162 Atmel. SBAT90USB162 Development Board User s Manual

Trusted Platform Module AT97SC3203S. SMBus Two-Wire Interface. Summary

AVR4018: Inertial Two (ATAVRSBIN2) Hardware User's Guide. 8-bit Microcontrollers. Application Note. Features. 1 Introduction

USER GUIDE. ZigBit USB Stick User Guide. Introduction

AT11512: SAM L Brown Out Detector (BOD) Driver. Introduction. SMART ARM-based Microcontrollers APPLICATION NOTE

AVR134: Real Time Clock (RTC) Using the Asynchronous Timer. Features. Introduction. AVR 8-bit Microcontrollers APPLICATION NOTE

a clock signal and a bi-directional data signal (SCL, SDA)

Native route discovery algorithm

OLED display with pixels resolution Ambient light sensor CPU load Analog filter Quadrature Encoder with push button Digital I/O

STK521. User Guide B AVR 01/12

SAM4 Reset Controller (RSTC)

Atmel QT600 Quick Start Guide Touch Solutions

APPLICATION NOTE. Atmel AVR1638: XMEGA RTC Calibration. 8-bit Atmel Microcontrollers. Features. Introduction

AT06467: Getting started with SAM D09/D10/D11. Features. Description. SMART ARM-based Microcontrollers APPLICATION NOTE

APPLICATION NOTE. Atmel AT01080: XMEGA E Schematic Checklist. Atmel AVR XMEGA E. Features. Introduction

APPLICATION NOTE. AT6486: Using DIVAS on SAMC Microcontroller. SMART ARM-Based Microcontroller. Introduction. Features

Hardware Prerequisites Atmel Xplained Pro Evaluation Kit Atmel WINC1500 extension USB Micro Cable (TypeA / MicroB)

AT21CS Series Reset and Discovery. Introduction. Serial EEPROM APPLICATION NOTE

APPLICATION NOTE. Atmel AT03160: Migrating Bootloader from ATxmega128A1 to other Atmel XMEGA Devices. Atmel AVR XMEGA. Features.

ATECC508A Public Key Validation. Introduction. Atmel CryptoAuthentication APPLICATION NOTE

I/O1 Xplained Pro. Preface. Atmel MCUs USER GUIDE

Atmel AVR473: ATAVRSB202 Hardware User Guide. 8-bit Atmel Microcontrollers. Application Note. Features. 1 Introduction

AT09381: SAM D - Debugging Watchdog Timer Reset. Introduction. SMART ARM-based Microcontrollers APPLICATION NOTE

USER GUIDE. ATmega168 Xplained Mini User Guide. Introduction

USER GUIDE. Atmel PROTO1 Xplained Pro. Preface

APPLICATION NOTE. Atmel AVR057: Internal RC Oscillator Calibration for ATtiny4/5/9/10/20/40. 8-bit Atmel Microcontrollers. Features.

SAMA5D2 Quad SPI (QSPI) Performance. Introduction. SMART ARM-based Microprocessor APPLICATION NOTE

APPLICATION NOTE. Atmel AT02260: Driving AT42QT1085. Atmel QTouch. Features. Description

APPLICATION NOTE. 3-lead CONTACT Package Usage. ATSHA204A, ATECC108A, and ATECC508A. Introduction. 3-lead CONTACT Package

USER GUIDE. Atmel maxtouch Xplained Pro. Preface

AVR1922: Xplain Board Controller Firmware 8-bit Microcontrollers Application Note Features 1 Introduction

APPLICATION NOTE. Generating Random Secrets. ATSHA204A, ATECC108A, and ATECC508A. Description. Topics

APPLICATION NOTE. Atmel AVR3009: Driving QTouch Device with I 2 C Interface. Atmel QTouch. Introduction

AVR1315: Accessing the XMEGA EEPROM. 8-bit Microcontrollers. Application Note. Features. 1 Introduction

Atmel AVR1924: XMEGA-A1 Xplained Hardware User's Guide. 8-bit Atmel Microcontrollers. Application Note. Preliminary. Features.

Atmel and the use of Verilator to create uc Device Models

USER GUIDE. Wireless Production Test Reference Protocol Specification Document. Atmel MCU Wireless. Description

64K (8K x 8) Battery-Voltage Parallel EEPROM with Page Write and Software Data Protection AT28BV64B

APPLICATION NOTE. Atmel AT03261: SAM D20 System Interrupt Driver (SYSTEM INTERRUPT) SAM D20 System Interrupt Driver (SYSTEM INTERRUPT)

APPLICATION NOTE. CryptoAuthentication Personalization Guide. ATSHA204A and ATECC508A. Introduction. Features

Atmel AVR32847: Migration from/to the UC3L0 64/32/16 from/to the UC3L0 256/ bit Atmel Microcontrollers. Application Note.

AVR1303: Use and configuration of IR communication module. 8-bit Microcontrollers. Application Note. Features. 1 Introduction

AVR32752: Using the AVR32 UC3 Static Memory Controller. 32-bit Microcontrollers. Application Note. Features. 1 Introduction

AT03262: SAM D/R/L/C System Pin Multiplexer (SYSTEM PINMUX) Driver. Introduction. SMART ARM-based Microcontrollers APPLICATION NOTE

AT88RF04C. CryptoRF EEPROM Memory 13.56MHz, 4 Kilobits SUMMARY DATASHEET. Features

ST19NP18-TPM-I2C Trusted Platform Module (TPM) with I²C Interface Features

AT88SC3216CRF. CryptoRF EEPROM Memory 13.56MHz, 32 Kilobits SUMMARY DATASHEET. Features

Atmel AVR ATxmega384C3 microcontroller OLED display with 128x32 pixels resolution Analog sensors. Ambient light sensor Temperature sensor

AVR32917: picopower Board getting started. 32-bit Microcontrollers. Application Note. Preliminary. Features. 1 Introduction

AVR1503: Xplain training - XMEGA Programmable Multi Interrupt Controller 8-bit Microcontrollers Application Note Prerequisites

APPLICATION NOTE. AT04470: Differences between SAM D21 Variants A, B, and L. 32-bit Microcontroller. Introduction

This user guide describes how to run the Atmel ATWINC3400 Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Provisioning demo from out-of-box conditions.

AVR097: Migration between ATmega128 and ATmega1281/ATmega bit Microcontrollers. Application Note. Features. 1 Introduction

Zatara Series ARM ASSP High-Performance 32-bit Solution for Secure Transactions

Atmel ATMXT143E touchscreen controller Capacitive touch ITO 320 x 240 pixel LCD display with SPI interface LED backlight

ATtiny104 Xplained Nano. Preface. AVR 8-bit Microcontrollers USER GUIDE

OLED display Sensors readout. Light sensor Temperature sensor

ST33TPM12SPI. Trusted Platform Module with SPI based on 32-bit ARM SecurCore SC300 CPU. Features. TPM features. Security features.

Atmel ATtiny1634 MCU Atmel ATA SBC LIN transceiver with integrated voltage regulator Touch. Three Atmel QTouch buttons One Atmel QTouch slider

8-bit Microcontroller with 16K Bytes In-System Programmable Flash. ATtiny87 ATtiny167 Automotive

FPGAs APPLICATIONS. 2012, Sept Copyright Atmel Corporation

One-channel Toggle-mode Touch Sensor IC with Power Management Functions AT42QT1012. Summary

APPLICATION NOTE. AT05567: TC Capture on External Interrupt with the Event System on SAM D20. Preface ASF PROJECT DOCUMENTATION

Atmel AVR1926: XMEGA-B1 Xplained Getting Started Guide. 8-bit Atmel Microcontrollers. Application Note. Features. 1 Introduction

APPLICATION NOTE. Atmel AVR536: Migration from ATmega644 to ATmega644A. 8-bit Atmel Microcontrollers. Introduction

Atmel LF-RFID Kit Comparison Chart. Application Note. Atmel LF-RFID Kit Comparison Chart. 1. Description

ST33F1M. Smartcard MCU with 32-bit ARM SecurCore SC300 CPU and 1.25 Mbytes high-density Flash memory. Features. Hardware features.

APPLICATION NOTE. Atmel AT03782: Using Low Power Modes in SAM4N Microcontroller. Atmel 32-bit Microcontroller. Features.

Embedded AVR Microcontroller Including RF Transmitter and Immobilizer LF Functionality for Remote Keyless Entry ATA5795. Summary.

AVR based 125kHz RFID Evaluation Kit (Re)Programming Guide ATA2270-EK1. Overview. Fuse Settings: ISP Programming

Low Power System Design Using Atmel ARM Cortex -based Products Copyright Atmel Corporation

EVB-USB82640 Evaluation Board Revision A User Manual

Transcription:

Atmel System Peripheral and Memory Products Temperature Sensor, Crypto and Serial Memory Solutions

Atmel is a worldwide leader in the design and manufacture of microcontrollers, capacitive touch solutions, logic, mixed-signal, nonvolatile memory and RF components. Leveraging one of the industry s broadest intellectual property technology portfolios, Atmel is able to provide the electronics industry with complete system solutions focused on industrial, consumer, security, communications, computing and automotive markets. Atmel system peripheral and memory products offer our customers an extensive range of authentication, memory and analog functions accessible through the industry-standard serial interface bus architectures commonly used in today s electronic systems. Atmel System Peripheral and Memory Products Atmel Serial Analog Solutions Value-added Temperature Sensing Solutions As a premier analog solutions provider via embedded circuitry in its industryrecognized microcontrollers, Atmel now offers two families of high-precision discrete digital temperature sensors that are suitable for any analog or mixedsignal application in the consumer, industrial, computer or medical markets. They integrate the Atmel industry-leading nonvolatile memory technology that allows storage of critical system temperature data, application-specific configuration data and user preference data. Atmel Serial EEPROM Solutions Flexible Solutions for Code and Data Storage The Atmel portfolio of serial EEPROM solutions gives you the freedom to choose the serial memory that best meets your specific application requirements. Atmel serial EEPROM devices can store any combination of boot code, application code, parametric data, and user data in every density from 1Kb to 1Mb. Whatever your nonvolatile memory needs may be, Atmel offers the right solution for your next design. Atmel Crypto Product Solutions Robust Hardware Security Solutions As the long-time industry leader in robust hardware security solutions, Atmel crypto products secure today s and tomorrow s designs. They provide authentication, encryption and secure data storage using the NIST-approved crypto - graphic algorithms SHA-256, RSA, onboard FIPS-compliant hardware random number generators, and the latest in hardware security design practice. The Atmel crypto product portfolio offers cost-efficient solutions to secure the core building blocks of any secure system design, from key/data storage to secure key exchange and flexible key management capabilities. 2 2012 / www.atmel.com

Atmel System Peripheral and Memory Products Atmel Serial Analog Solutions AT30TS750 Digital Temperature Sensor Family Based on the industry-standard xx75-type digital temperature sensor, the Atmel AT30TS750 family is drop-in compatible with the legacy device, while offering improved accuracy. Additional enhancements are optional nonvolatile (NVM) registers that allow user configuration settings to be permanently retained across power cycles, and an integrated serial EEPROM that allows storage of vital system and/or user preference data. The AT30TS750 family also features programmable high and low temperature alarms, user-selectable temperature resolution up to 12 bits, and an I 2 C/SMBus-compatible serial interface. The AT30TS750 family converts temperature from -40 C to +125 C to a digital word and provides a typical accuracy of ±0.5 C. The device is factory-calibrated and requires no external components. To reduce current consumption and save power, a shutdown mode turns off all internal circuitry except for the internal power-on reset and serial interface circuits. In addition, a one-shot mode allows the device to make a temperature measurement, update the temperature register and then return to shutdown mode. Highly accurate temperature sensing ±0.5 C accuracy Integrated nonvolatile registers Pin- and software-compatible with industry-standard xx75-type devices Up to 12-bit resolution user-configurable temperatureto-digital converter Integrated 2Kb, 4Kb or 8Kb serial EEPROM data memory AT30TS75 only: I 2 C high-speed mode compatible (3.4MHz maximum clock frequency) Programmable high and low temperature limits Power-saving shutdown and one-shot modes SMBus time-out supported I 2 C/SMBus-compatible serial interface Self-contained, accurate, calibration-free Improved safety with enforced preset condition Reduced bill-of-material (BOM) cost Limited risk of user misconfiguration AT30TSE002B Digital Temperature Sensor with EEPROM The Atmel AT30TSE002B is designed to address the industry s ever-growing concerns regarding over heating of dual in-line memory modules (DIMM). The Atmel device is compliant with the JEDEC standard and integrates a temperature sensor and one 2Kb serial EEPROM configured as 256 bytes of 8 bits each. The EEPROM operation is tailored specifically for the serial presence detect (SPD) function. The integrated temperature sensor converts temperatures from -20 C to +125 C to a digital word and provides a typical accuracy of ±0.5 C. The temperature sensor continuously monitors temperature and updates data in the temperature register at least eight times per second, offering top-of-the-range JEDEC-class B accuracy levels. Highly accurate temperature sensing ±0.5 C accuracy typical Compliant with JEDEC standard for DDR3 DIMM 11-bit resolution temperature-to-digital converter Integrated 2Kb serial EEPROM data memory Programmable critical, high and low temperature limits Programmable hysteresis threshold Off, 0 C, 1.5 C, 3 C, 6 C Digital Temperature Sensor Low power consumption Choice of resolution versus conversion speed to customize to your application requirement SMBus time-out supported I 2 C/SMBus-compatible serial interface Three-alarm output that enhances redundant protection Hysteresis, which prevents false alarm Atmel System Peripheral and Memory Products 3

Atmel Serial Interface Memory Solutions Atmel Serial EEPROM Atmel Serial EEPROM memory devices are used to store personal preference and configuration data, as well as low-level firmware boot code used in today s advanced electronic systems and applications. Atmel serial EEPROMs are the most flexible and lowest cost nonvolatile memory solution available today. They offer ultra-high write endurance capabilities, allowing for greater than 1 million write cycles to each and every memory location. Atmel I 2 C (2-wire) compatible byte and page writable serial EEPROMs provide simple, yet flexible data storage for the industry s most popular microcontroller, microprocessor, and system-on-a-chip (SoC) solutions. Atmel industry-standard SPI-compatible byte and page writable serial EEPROMs include advanced hardware and soft ware write protection schemes with operating voltages as low as 1.7V. Atmel µwire (3-wire) compatible serial EEPROMs combine flexible user-selectable x8 or x16 memory organ i zation with software write protection to secure data stability. Atmel MAC/EUI EEPROMs are application-specific products that contain unique IEEE-provided pre-programmed MAC/EUI addresses to enable connected devices to connect to the Internet or local network. The Atmel 128-bit Serial Number devices are general-purpose I 2 C-compatible Serial EEPROMs that contain an Atmelprovided pre-programmed unique read-only 128-bit serial number and 1Kb to 8Kb of user-accessible EEPROM NVM storage. 1Kb to1mb densities I²C, SPI and µwire protocols Industrial and automotive (AECQ100) qualified products Ultra-wide voltage range and ultra-low-power operation Available in standard and ultra-small packages Class-leading process and manufacturing technologies Lowest cost per unit of any nonvolatile memory solution Industry-standard interfaces SPI, I 2 C and µwire for PnP system design Proven device and process reliability with superior endurance cycling and temperature range operation 100 years retention and 1 million cycles Ultra-low-power and low-voltage operation for superior energy management and environmental awareness 1.7V to 5.5V operational voltage ranges Smallest profiles for reduced weight and smaller form factors Die sale, WLCSP, SOT23, TSSOP, xdfn through to SOIC Serial EEPROM 4 2012 / www.atmel.com

Atmel System Peripheral and Memory Products Atmel Crypto Products Portfolio Atmel Trusted Platform Module (TPM) The Atmel Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a complete turnkey solution providing ultra-strong security for both PC and embedded systems. Primary TPM capabilities include IP protection, system integrity, authen tication, and secure communi cation. The core building blocks in the TPM are the Atmel AVR microcontroller and our expertise in silicon security technologies. Additional security measures include a variety of tamper-evident circuits such as active shield, voltage, temp erature and frequency tampers. Available in 28-TSSOP and space-saving 40-lead QFN (MLF) packages, the TPM provides a standards-based solution for all computing devices connected to the Internet. Based on the Atmel AVR 8-bit RISC CPU Fully compliant with Trusted Computing Group (TCG) v1.2 specification 2048-bit hardware RSA crypto accelerator Hardware SHA-1 accelerator On-chip storage of up to 10 user keys Atmel CryptoAuthentication Hardware Security Solutions Trusted Platform Module ATSHA204 The Atmel ATSHA204 is the first CryptoAuthentication product to integrate the SHA-256 hash algorithm with a 4.5Kb EEPROM, providing robust and cost-effective hardware authentication and secure key/data storage. Features such as small outline plastic packages and a single-wire interface make the Atmel ATSHA204 ideal for handheld electronic systems or any space-constrained embedded system. Implementing host-side security to provide a full system solution is now easier than ever. The product includes a client and host security capability that offloads key storage and the execution algorithms from the microcontroller, significantly reducing both system cost and complexity. When using the ATSHA204 on the host, you no longer need to worry about writing crypto algorithms or developing crypto protocols for your systems. Multi-level hardware security Secure authentication and key exchange Superior NIST-approved algorithm (SHA-256) High-quality hardware random number generator Guaranteed unique serial number Single-wire and I 2 C interface options Secure personalization Green-compliant plastic packages Reliable EEPROM for nonvolatile storage; no batteries required High-quality hardware random number generator Based on industry standards Offered in Industrial Grade (-40C to +85C) Supports embedded certificates Provides free manufacturing utilities High-security authentication using SHA-256 Sophisticated hardware security features Small package footprints ideal for handheld systems Quick time to market Flexible user-configured security Both client and host capability, eliminates need to write, debug,- or test system crypto code Can be used with any microprocessor CryptoAuthentication Atmel System Peripheral and Memory Products 5

Atmel System Peripheral and Memory Tools Kit Name Kit Description Product Digital Temperature Sensor Temperature Sensor Development Kit ATAVRTEMPSENSORX Temperature Sensor Xplained Board Includes a daughterboard with four temperature sensor devices, an Atmel AVR microbase board and a ribbon cable to support remote temperature sensing. Flexible hardware design supports standalone development on a PC via USB connectivity, or by connecting a temperature sensor daughterboard to any MCU development platform. Add-on board for Atmel AVR Xplained to add temperature monitoring functionality 6 2012 / www.atmel.com

Atmel System Peripheral and Memory Products Kit Name Kit Description Product AT88CK454BLACK Evaluation Kit Includes a low-cost USB dongle board to evaluate the Atmel CryptoAuthentication ATSHA204 device CryptoAuthentication AT88CK101STK3/ AT88CK101STK8 Development Kit Includes a single-socket board, an Atmel AVR microbase board, USB extension cable, and samples of the Atmel ATSHA204 devices. Flexible hardware design supports standalone development on a PC via USB connectivity, or by connecting single-socket daughterboard to any MCU development platform AT88CK101STK3 includes 3-pin SOT23 socket AT88CK101STK8 includes 8-lead SOIC socket ATAVRSECURITYX Security Xplained Board Add-on board for Atmel AVR Xplained to add security functionality Trusted Platform Module AT97SC3204T-X1K180 Embedded Development Kit Based on the Atmel AVR AT90USBKey kit. Includes TPM I²C module, Atmel AT90USBKey, USB adapter cables, USB flash drive with sample code and documentation, and an alternate 9V battery supply cable Atmel System Peripheral and Memory Products 7

Atmel Digital Temperature Sensor Products Home Page Atmel Memory Products Home Page Atmel Serial EEPROM Products Home Page Atmel Trusted Platform Module Products Home Page Atmel CryptoAuthentication Product Home Page Atmel Corporation 1600 Technology Drive, San Jose, CA 95110 USA T: (+1)(408) 441.0311 F: (+1)(408) 487.2600 www.atmel.com 2012 Atmel Corporation. All rights reserved. Rev.: Atmel-8808D-Mem-MCU Peripherals-E-US-12/12 Atmel, Atmel logo and combinations thereof, and others are registered trademarks or trademarks of Atmel Corporation or its subsidiaries. Other terms and product names may be trademarks of others. Disclaimer: The information in this document is provided in connection with Atmel products. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property right is granted by this document or in connection with the sale of Atmel products. EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN THE ATMEL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALES LOCATED ON THE ATMEL WEBSITE, ATMEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY WARRANTY RE- LATING TO ITS PRODUCTS INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL ATMEL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS AND PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR LOSS OF INFORMATION) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IF ATMEL HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. Atmel makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and products descriptions at any time without notice. Atmel does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein. Unless specifically provided otherwise, Atmel products are not suitable for, and shall not be used in, automotive applications. Atmel products are not intended, authorized, or warranted for use as components in applications intended to support or sustain life.