Tutorial 1 BASIC ANSA GEOMETRY CLEAN UP AND SHELL MESHING Table of Contents 1.1. Introduction...2 1.1.2. Prerequisites...2 1.1.3. Problem description...2 1.1.4. Data files...2 1.2. Read the CAD file...3 1.3. Perform Cleanup...9 1.4. Defeaturing...37 1.5. Shell meshing...49 1.6. Conclusion...62 BETA CAE Systems S.A.
1.1. Introduction BASIC ANSA Geometry Clean up and Shell Meshing This tutorial presents in detail all the steps taken to read a CAD file of a part, perform clean up, as well as some geometry simplification, in order to create a good quality shell mesh. The steps described in this tutorial include: Read the IGES file with different tolerance settings and assess the results. Clean up geometry, close gaps, modify or create new Faces etc. Optionally, repeat the previous step with the help of Automatic Clean Up functionality. De-featuring, removing details such as small holes and fillets. Mesh the parts with an element length of 10 mm Improve the mesh by optimizing the shape of the Macro Areas 1.1.2. Prerequisites Reading the 4 pages of section Intro.2.1. Getting Started of this Guide is recommended in order to obtain a familiarization with the ANSA interface and terminology. 1.1.3. Problem description The geometry of the part is shown here in its final state. Note that the part consists of more than one Property IDs (PIDs), as shown in different colors. 1.1.4. Data files The files of this tutorial are located in the directory tutorial_files/01-basic. One IGES file named basic.igs contains the geometry. The result can be found for reference in the file basic.ansa. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-2 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
1.2. Read the CAD file Start ANSA. By default you are in the TOPO menu. Before reading any CAD data into ANSA you can specify some settings concerning the application of Topology (the connectivity of neighboring Faces), and the Resolution (the appearance of geometrical entities on the screen). These settings should correspond to the dimensions, level of detail and tolerances of the CAD file to be input. Activate the SETTINGS>TOPO SETTINGS SETTINGS function. In the Auto TOPO SETTINGS Topology Settings window all flags are by default active. The Perform Topology flag ensures that the Topology is performed during CAD file opening. As a result when you read the IGES file later, the topology process will be applied. For educational purposes de-activate the Geometry Clean Up flag button and press OK. In this way the automatic geometry clean up step will not be performed and you will examine and perform the clean up manually. SETTINGS TOLERANCES Note that the automatic topology is performed according to the tolerance settings that are specified in SETTINGS>TOLERANCES. Make sure to specify appropriate tolerance values before reading a CAD file, to avoid collapsed Faces (large tolerances), or gaps (very small tolerances). For demonstration, activate the SETTINGS> TOLERANCES function, select extra fine tolerance settings (Nodes 0.003125, Curves 0.0125) and press OK. RESOLUTION Also note that the appearance of geometrical details depends on the Resolution settings under RESOLUTION in the main pulldown menu. Activate the function, press OK in the Warning window, and the Resolution Definition window appears. Keep the default value of 20 for CONS resolution. (Note that this value also corresponds to the initial discretizarion length, or element length). For 3D Curves specify a smaller resolution (2) to view small geometrical features in more detail. Press OK to close the window. (Ensure also that you have the default distance distortion of 20% in the PERIMETERs>DISTOR function, in the MESH menu). BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-3 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Now read in the IGES data from FILE>OPEN. The File Manager window appears. Navigate and select the IGES file basic.igs. Press Open to read the CAD data. The CAD file is read and topology is applied. You should see the part as shown. Change the view of the part to better understand the geometry. Press: Ctrl + left mouse button to rotate the part Ctrl + middle mouse button to translate the part Ctrl + left and middle mouse button to zoom in and out. F7 F8 You can also zoom in and out with the F7 and F8 keys. F9 If at any time you lose the view, press F9 to fit all to the screen. Notice that as by default you are in ENT (Entity) display mode, you see red, yellow and cyan CONS (Curves ON Surfaces). The coloring has to do with the connectivity of the Faces. Red: a SINGLE free edge CONS Yellow: a DOUBLE CONS shared by two neighboring connected Faces Cyan : a TRIPLE CONS shared by three or more connected Faces. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-4 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
To make things clearer you can activate and deactivate the visibility of each of the three types of CONS separately using the SINGLE, DOUBLE and TRIPLE flag buttons. De-activating here the DOUBLE flag shows only the free red and triple cyan CONS. Apart from the free edges of the sheet metal there are other opening (gaps, untrimmed Faces etc.) that must be corrected. Note that the current specified Tolerances are Extra Fine and the topology process has left many gaps, as the CAD description is not very accurate. What if the specified Tolerances were larger? Activate the SETTINGS SETTINGS> TOLERANCES TOLERANCES function. Select middle tolerance settings (Nodes 0.05, Curves 0.2) and press OK. Activate the FILE>OPEN FILE function to read again the OPEN same CAD file with the middle Tolerance values. A Confirmation window opens, in case you want to save the current database. Press Discard. The File Manager opens next. Select again the basic.igs file and press OK. The CAD file is read and Topology is applied, this time with middle tolerance values. The red free edges are now less, because the topology process resulted in the topological connection of more Faces automatically. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-5 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Activate back the visibility of DOUBLE CONS to view the whole part. Activate the SHADOW view mode flag. You can now view the Faces in gray and yellow (as you are always in ENT view mode). Gray color represents the positive side of the Faces while Yellow the negative. The orientation is currently random. There is not a uniform Face orientation. ORIENT. Activate the FACEs> ORIENT. function. The orientation of all the visible Faces becomes uniform. The Yellow side of the Faces in the negative side, while the gray color marks the positive one. In order to flip the now uniform orientation, you can use the FACEs>INVERT function. But where is this function? BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-6 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Notice that next to the Group name of functions there is a number. For the FACEs group for example, this number is 2. This implies that there are two more functions in this group that are not displayed in the main window. These functions are located in a buffer window. To access the buffer window use a right mouse button click on the Group name. The Faces buffer window opens. In this buffer window there are more functions that you can use, just by activating them with the left mouse button. In addition, you can store in the buffer window any functions that you do not use often. Just right click on a function from the main window (the SKIN function here). The SKIN function is placed in the buffer window. An empty space is left in the main window. Note that the number next to the group name changes to 3. Now select the INVERT function from the buffer window with the right mouse button. The INVERT function is moved to occupy the empty space in the main window. In this sense you can select which functions you want to keep in the main window and put all the remaining in the buffer windows of each group. To exit the buffer window press the ESC key in it. ESC SETTINGS Note also that you can save the current locations of all buttons (and more user settings) using the SETTINGS> SAVE SETTINGS>SAVE SAVE SETTINGS function, in the main pull down menu. This will save a text file called ANSA.defaults in your home directory. The next time you will start ANSA, this file will be read, and all your settings recovered. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-7 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Now press the FACEs> INVERT INVERT function to flip the orientation of the visible Faces. Switch to PID color view mode. You can now view the Faces colored according to their Property ID. (Note that the assigned colors to different PIDs are random when opening a CAD file, so you may see different colors). Switch back to ENT color view mode to proceed with the cleanup process. Save the file from FILE>SAVE AS to your local directory under the name FILE basic.ansa. The File Manager opens in order to specify the path and the SAVE AS ANSA database filename. Remember when you save or output in ANSA you must always type the appropriate extension for each file type. You will now proceed with Geometry cleanup. (If at any time you want to pause your work you can exit ANSA from FILE>QUIT, and then start ANSA again and read the ANSA database basic.ansa from FILE>OPEN to resume work). BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-8 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
1.3. Perform Cleanup De-activate SHADOW mode and the visibility flag button for DOUBLE CONS. You will now isolate a region of your part to work on. OR Activate the OR function of the Focus Group of functions. Select with left mouse button box selection the area shown. The OR function leaves visible only the selected Faces. (If you accidentally select wrong Faces, press the ALL function of the same Group to bring all the entities back to visible). Activate the LOCK flag button in the Focus group to lock the currently visible entities. To view the complete Faces that you have left visible, activate again the DOUBLE CONS visibility flag. Activate also the CROSH (cross hatch) visibility flag. This allows the visualization of two green dashed lines along the center isoparametrics of the Faces. Apart from visualization purposes, the crosshatches are also used for selecting Faces. Activate SHADOW mode again. Note the problem in this area. There seems to be a Face that is untrimmed and extends well out of the boundaries of the other Faces. Activate the NOT function, of the NOT Focus group, and select with the left mouse button this Face from its crosshatch. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-9 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
The selected Face is removed from the visible. This leaves a better view of the other Faces. You must somehow trim the big Face so that it matches exactly to the boundaries of the other Faces. ALL Press the ALL function of the Focus group. Only the locked entities (all the entities that were visible at the time that you activated the LOCK flag) appear. Notice that because we have specified a Resolution length of 20, some Faces appears coarser that their actual geometrical description. Activate the FINE function, in the Geometry group (at the bottom center of the ANSA GUI), and left click on the crosshatch of the big Face twice. Each time you press the left mouse button the Resolution length of the selected Face is halved. This makes the Face appear with more detail. The curvature of the Face is now clearly visible. (Note that if you use the FINE function with the right mouse button you double the Resolution length of selected entities, making them appear coarser). Rotating the part you can see that this Face covers well the gap of the remaining Faces. It is only a matter of trimming it correctly. Activate the CONS> PROJECT PROJECT [NORMAL] NORMAL function. Select with the left mouse button the four red CONS of the Faces behind. De-select with right mouse button if required. Confirm with middle mouse button. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-10 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Next select the Face to project and cut the selected CONS onto. You can pick the Face from its crosshatch or one of its red CONS. De-select with right mouse button if required. Confirm with middle mouse button. The selected red CONS are projected on the Face and cut it. Esc Press the ESC key to exit the PROJECT function. Remember you can press the ESC key to abort any function if you are unsure. Activate the FACEs>DELETE DELETE function. Select the excess Face to be deleted from its boundary The Delete FACE window appears. Press DELETE to delete the Face. (! Note that to retrieve a Face, which was deleted unintentionally, activate the FACEs>UNDELETE function, select it among the previewed deleted Faces. Press middle button. Use FACEs>TOPO function to reestablish connectivity). The Face is now properly trimmed, but not topologically connected with the neighboring Faces (note the red CONS). Activate the FACEs>TOPO TOPO function. Select with left mouse button box selection the CONS shown. Confirm with middle button. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-11 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Topology is applied by ANSA according to the specified tolerances. All CONS appear yellow, indicating proper double connectivity. De-activate the LOCK function ALL Press ALL to bring all the Faces back to visible. Moving to the next problematic region on the left. Here we have the opposite problem. A Face that is not large enough, and a resulting gap. Activate the function INFO SURFs>INFO. Select this Face from its crosshatch. Its Surface (its underlying CAD description) is also not big enough to cover the gap. DELETE Activate the FACEs>DELETE function. Select the Face with the left mouse button from its crosshatch. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-12 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Note that when selecting a Face from its crosshatch, this is deleted without any warning. In contrast, when selecting it from its boundary CONS, the Delete Face preview window appears for confirmation. Notice two magenta cross Hot Points that were left over after the deletion of the Face. Activate the HOT POINTs> DELETE DELETE function. Select with the left mouse button these two Hot Points. The Hot Points are deleted. (Although not necessary, you can always delete such Hot Points. This leaves uniform longer CONS that are easier to select for Face creation, and also results in better quality mesh later). Now you will create a new Face to cover this opening. 1 4 Activate the SURFs>COONS COONS function. (COONS stands for the name of the mathematician). Select sequentially the four red CONS that form the boundaries of the Face to be created. 2 3 (For the moment, ignore the COONS Options window that appears). Confirm with middle mouse button. A preview of the Surface to be created is given as a cyan net. Press OK in the Accept Surface window that appears if you are satisfied with the result. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-13 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Upon accepting the Surface the new Face is also created, and is also topologically connected with the neighboring Faces. Note that if you have selected the CONS in a counterclockwise order the orientation would be positive (gray) outwards, according to the right hand rule. If you have not, use the functions FACEs>ORIENT and INVERT to assign the preferred orientation. De-activate SHADOW, CROSH and DOUBLE flags. Note how the problematic regions drop in number. Activate back SHADOW, CROSH and DOUBLE flags. Move to the small triangular gap at the front. INFO Activate the SURFs>INFO function. Select the Face from its crosshatch. The previewed underlying Surface appears to cover the gap. In this case you will create a new Face using the already existing Surface. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-14 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
2 3 Activate the FACEs>NEW NEW function. In the New Face Options window that appears select the MANUAL option. 1 Select with the left mouse button the three red CONS and confirm with middle mouse button. Next select with the left mouse button the crosshatch of the Face whose Surface you will use for the new Face. The new Face is created. If you enquire its Surface with SURFs>INFO you will see that it uses the same one as the larger neighboring Face. Rotate the part to the other side. You can see that in this area there are two untrimmed and intersecting Faces. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-15 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
De-activate SHADOW, CROSH and DOUBLE flag buttons. NOT Activate the NOT function from the Focus group. Select with left mouse button the two red CONS as shown. Their Faces become not visible. INVERT Next press the INVERT function of the Focus group. The visible-not visible status of all entities is inverted, making only the two selected Faces now visible. Activate DOUBLE and CROSH flags two view better the two intersecting Faces. Activate also the CURVEs visibility flag. To find the intersection of these two Faces you will use 3D Curves. These are auxiliary curves that are not connected to the Faces and are used for CAD constructions in ANSA. 3D Curves appear in magenta color and their visibility is controlled by the CURVEs visibility flag. To avoid confusion, temporarily de-activate the FACEs visibility flag and perform a NOT operation to make all existing Curves not visible. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-16 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
SURF INT Activate the CURVEs>SURF INT function. Ignore the Extend Values window that appears. Select with the left mouse button the first Face from its crosshatch. Next select the second Face from its crosshatch. ANSA calculates the intersection of the two Faces and creates a 3D Curve. (The CURVEs flag must be active to be able to see the Curve). Activate the SHADOW flag button to view better the intersection area. Here you could project this 3D Curve on the two Faces in order to cut them. However a plain intersection would not suffice to fix this area. In this location a fillet exists in the neighboring Faces. You will recreate the boundaries of this fillet and then project and cut the two Faces. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-17 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Activate the CURVEs>TRANSF. TRANSF. function. This function creates a new Curve by transforming an existing one to fit new start and end point positions. Select with the left mouse button the 3D Curve. Confirm with middle mouse button. Note the arrow that appears next. This arrow indicates the start of the segment. 2 1 Select two point positions as target start and end for the new transformed 3D Curve to be created.! Note that the start and end positions should correspond to the direction arrow. Select the Hot Points as shown. A new 3D Curve is created, from a transformation of the selected one. Notice how this Curve follows the shape of the initial one. While still in the CURVEs>TRANSF. function, select again the initial 3D Curve. Confirm with middle mouse button. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-18 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
2 According to the direction of the arrow, select the two target start and end Hot Points as shown, on the other Face. 1 Another similar 3D Curve is created. Activate the CONS>PROJECT [NORMAL] function. Select the 3D Curve shown. Confirm with middle mouse button. Next select the Face to project onto. You can select the Face from its crosshatch or boundary CONS. Confirm with middle mouse button. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-19 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
The 3D Curve is projected and cuts the Face. A yellow CONS appears along the cut. While still in the CONS>PROJECT function select the other 3D Curve. Confirm with middle mouse button. Select the Face to project onto and cut. Confirm with middle mouse button. Having completed the work with the 3D Curves, de-activate their visibility flag button, CURVEs. Now you will delete the excess Faces. You will use the DELETE function in the Geometry group at the bottom center of the ANSA GUI. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-20 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Activate the DELETE function. DELETE Select the two Faces with the left mouse button. Confirm with middle mouse button. A Warning window appears. Press OK to proceed with the deletion of the selected Faces. ALL to visible. Press the ALL function in the Focus group to bring all the Faces Here you will create a curved face to close the fillet area. COONS Activate the SURFs>COONS function. 1 Activate the Color-path flag button in the COONS Options window that appears. Select with the left mouse button one red CONS. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-21 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Then select a second sequential CONS. 2 As the Color-path flag is active, after selecting the second CONS, ANSA automatically identifies and selects the whole closed string of CONS of the same color, in this case red. (Use right mouse button to de-select CONS if required). Confirm with middle mouse button. The Surface to be created is previewed as a cyan net. main body flange Press OK in the Accept Surface window that appears. Note that in this case, in order to create this Face you have selected CONS that belong to Faces of different Property ID. (Remember that the flange has a different PID than the main body). As a result ANSA prompts you to select a PID for the new Face that you have created. The Properties window appears. You can double click on one of the available PIDs in the list. As here you may not know which is the correct PID to select, you can left click on another Face (crosshatch or CONS) from the screen to assign the same property The Face is created. You can switch to PID display mode to check the different PIDs in color. (You can always change the PID of selected Faces using the FACEs>SET PID function, by selecting them and pressing middle mouse button). BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-22 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Moving on to the next problematic area. OR Activate the OR function of the Focus group. Select with box selection as shown. (If you select wrongly, press ALL to bring all the Faces back to visible and re-select. You may also use the NOT and AND functions of the Focus group). You should leave visible only the round protrusion and the large Face shown here. It appears that the round protrusion is not connected to the Face. See the red CONS all around. Rotate to the other side to see that the large Face has no corresponding opening for the protrusion. Back to the front side, notice that again due to a relatively large Resolution length the protrusion appears quite coarse and it is hard to distinguish its proper shape. Activate the FINE function from FINE the Geometry group of functions. Left click a couple of times on the crosshatches of the Faces in order to reduce the Resolution length. (You can use the right mouse button to do the opposite, i.e. increase the Resolution length and make entities appear coarser). BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-23 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Now the geometry appears much clearer. PROJECT NORMAL Activate the CONS> PROJECT [NORMAL] function. Select the four red CONS around the protrusion. Note that if you activate the flag in the Corner Angle selection window that appears, you only need to select one CONS and ANSA selects the whole string provided the angle between two CONS is smaller than the specified limit Confirm with middle mouse button. Next select the large Face to project the CONS onto. Confirm with middle mouse button. The CONS are projected and cut the Face. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-24 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Rotate the part to the rear side to view the yellow CONS along the cut that was made. Note that although the cut was made, still the protrusion is not connected. Activate the FACEs>TOPO TOPO function. Select with box selection the CONS as shown. Confirm with middle mouse button. ANSA perform topology connection. Now the boundary appears in cyan indicating that three Faces are connected at each CONS. Now you can delete the interior excess of the large Face. DELETE Activate the FACEs>DELETE function. Select the crosshatch of the inner Face. Note that as you selected from the crosshatch the Face was deleted with no confirmation. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-25 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Press ALL from the Focus group ALL and rotate the part to view from outside as shown. Activate the FACEs>DELETE DELETE function and select with the left mouse button the crosshatch of the small round Face shown. The Face is deleted without confirmation and the hole is opened. Activate the FACEs>ORIENT ORIENT function to make the orientation of all the Faces uniform. Moving to the next area shown here. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-26 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
De-activate SHADOW, CROSH and DOUBLE flag buttons, to view the remaining gaps more easily. Activate the OR function from the OR Focus group and select with box selection the area shown. Activate back the CROSH and DOUBLE flags to view the four Faces that remain visible. Here we have a gap that was not closed by the topology operation during CAD input. F7 Point the cursor near the opening and zoom in real close using the F7 key. (The F8 can be used to zoom out). 2 curves match dist nodes match dist 1 Note that as you zoom in closer and closer, two white horizontal lines appear as the bottom left of the display. These lines represent graphically the tolerance values that you have specified in SETTINGS>TOLERANCES. These are the tolerances that are used by ANSA for the automatic topology operation. Notice that the gap here is larger that the tolerances. As a result ANSA did not connect the Faces at this location. You will have to connect (paste) these CONS manually. Activate the CONS>PASTE PASTE function. Select with the left mouse button the CONS as shown. Confirm with middle mouse button. As you are exceeding the tolerances a Warning window appears. Press OK to confirm. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-27 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Upon confirmation the first CONS is moved and pasted to the second one. PASTE Perform the same operation for the two CONS at the bottom. (What will happen to this small red CONS??) 2 1 Select the two CONS. Confirm with middle mouse button. Again the first CONS is pasted on the second one. As a result a white dot appears. This is a topological problem, as a white dot in the TOPO menu represents a collapsed CONS, that is a CONS that has its start and end coincident. To fix such a problem you must first release all topological conditions at that location. Activate the HOT POINTs> RELEASE RELEASE function and select with box selection the area shown. All topological conditions are released. The HOT POINTs>RELEASE function can always be used to correct improperly pasted CONS. As a result all CONS now appear in red, and five distinct Hot Points are visible. To be able to pair these CONS in pairs you must ensure that they are properly segmented. Activate the HOT POINTs> DELETE DELETE function and select with the left mouse button the Hot point shown. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-28 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
The Hot Point is deleted leaving one uniform CONS at that edge of the Faces. Now the CONS can be pasted correctly is pairs. PASTE shown. Activate the CONS>PASTE function and select the CONS as 2 1 Confirm with middle mouse button. Perform the same on the opposite PASTE side. (Note that if you have not exited the function you can proceed with the selection of CONS without pressing the PASTE button). 2 1 Here, although you cannot distinguish them, there are two red CONS which are superimposed. Confirm with middle mouse button. Now you have a gap that can be closed. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-29 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
2 1 Still in the PASTE function select the CONS as shown. Confirm with middle mouse button. And the two CONS here. 2 1 Confirm with middle mouse button. The problem is fixed. Topology is correct with yellow CONS and a single Hot Points at the center. F9 Press F9 to fit all to screen. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-30 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
De-activate CROSH and DOUBLE visibility flags. Some problematic red CONS that remain are at the top of the image. Activate the DOUBLE visibility flag and zoom in close to that area. Some CONS are not connected. Activate the CONS>PASTE PASTE function and select them with the left mouse button. 2 1 Confirm with middle mouse button. Select also the two remaining CONS. 2 1 Confirm with middle mouse button. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-31 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
The geometry here is now clean. Press F9 to zoom all. De-activate the DOUBLE and SINGLE bounds flag button. Only the cyan CONS remain visible. Cyan CONS show connectivity of more than two Faces. Cyan CONS are usually present at T- junctions. If there are no T-junctions present than usually cyan CONS imply the existence of multiply defined Faces. Zoom in to the area on the right. Activate back the DOUBLE and SINGLE bounds. Activate SHADOW and CROSH button. The resolution is a bit coarse to clearly identify the problem. FINE both Faces. Activate the FINE function and left click once on the crosshatch of BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-32 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
The resolution is better. This is an area of overlapping Faces. To inquire, activate the INFO FACEs>INFO function and click on one red CONS. ANSA highlights the whole Face. You can do the same for the other red CONS to see the overlap. PROJECT NORMAL Activate the CONS> PROJECT [NORMAL] function. Select with left mouse button the CONS shown. Confirm with middle mouse button. Next select the Face to be trimmed, from its crosshatch. Confirm with middle mouse button. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-33 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
The Face is trimmed. INFO Face. Activate the FACEs>DELETE function and select the excess Press DELETE in the Delete Face window that appears. A gap remains. Activate the FACEs>TOPO TOPO function, select with box selection the area and confirm with middle mouse button. Activate the HOT PNTs>DELETE DELETE function and use box selection to delete all remaining unnecessary Hot Points. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-34 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Finally zoom in to the area where cyan CONS are present. To identify and correct the problem you will use the FACEs>DELETE function and its preview capabilities. Activate the FACEs>DELETE DELETE function. Select the Face from one cyan CONS. The Delete Face preview window appears, indicating that 3 Faces are connected at that CONS. The first one (1 of 3) is highlighted. (! Note the order of preview may be different in your case). Press the KEEP button (or K in the keyboard) to keep this Face and proceed to the next one. The second Face (2 of 3) is then previewed. Again press the KEEP button (or K in the keyboard) to keep the Face. Finally, the third Face is previewed. This Face must be deleted, as it is redundant. Press the DELETE button (or D in the keyboard) BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-35 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
The Face is deleted. Only yellow CONS remain. The geometry is clean. One last check by de-activating CROSH and DOUBLE, leaves red CONS only at expected locations, i.e. free edges and openings. Activate SHADOW and DOUBLE flag buttons. Save the file from FILE>SAVE. At this stage, you could SETTINGS start again from the TOPO SETTINGS beginning, reopening the IGES file, but this time prior to doing so, activate the Geometry Clean Up flag in SETTINGS>TOPO SETTINGS window. Your Tolerances should be kept in Middle again. Several of the problems you previously fixed manually, can be solved automatically. In addition, you can use the HOT PNTs>RM.OVERL function. This function RM.OVERL automatically trims overlapping Faces, and will fix one of the two cyan CONS problem areas. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-36 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
1.4. Defeaturing Some small openings exist at the bottom of the part. You will remove these, as they are too small to be included in the mesh. Activate the CONS>FILL HOL FILL HOL function. The Fill Hole Parameters window opens. Select with the left mouse button the opening shown. The selected opening (red CONS perimeter) is highlighted. Alternatively you can enter a value of 20 and press the Select button. All the openings with an effective diameter smaller than the input value are selected automatically. Press OK. All the selected openings are filled. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-37 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Move to the top of the part. Here there is a small non-uniform flange. MEASURE Activate the MEASURE function from the top menu. The Measure window opens, where by default the Nodes selection mode is active. Select with the left mouse button the two Hot points shown. Confirm with middle mouse button The distance as shown on the screen and reported in the Text Window is less than 3mm. You will replace this flange all around with a constant height flange of 10mm. FLANGE WIDTH Activate the FACEs>FLANGE [WIDTH] function. Select all the red CONS shown (in the direction of flange extension only) with the left mouse button. Confirm with middle mouse button. The Flange Distance window appears. Type a value of 10 and activate the Delete Old Flange flag. Press OK. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-38 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
The Faces of the old flange are deleted and new Faces of the specified height are created. Note some remaining red CONS. TOPO Activate the FACEs>TOPO function. Select with box selection the CONS as shown. Confirm with middle mouse button. Topology is applied. The CONS are now yellow. DELETE Activate the HOT POINTs> DELETE function. Select with box selection the area shown. The unnecessary Hot Points are deleted. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-39 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Finally press the FACEs> ORIENT ORIENT. function to assign a uniform orientation to all visible Faces. INVERT necessary. Flip the current orientation with the function FACEs>INVERT if The next step will focus of fillet sharpening. Zoom in closer to the base of the top round flange. Although not very clear due to the coarse Resolution, this base is a round fillet. (You can check this using the SURFs>INFO function to view the underlying Surface description). DACH DACH Activate the FACEs>DACH [DACH] function. The Dach Selection window opens. Type in the values shown and press Select. ANSA identifies and selected all the fillets with radius of curvature less than 3 and arc angle more than 60 degrees. Check that no other Faces have been selected. De-select them with right mouse button if necessary. Press middle mouse button to confirm and proceed. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-40 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
A preview of the new Surfaces to be created, to replace the fillets with sharp corners is provided. The Dach Parameters window appears. Select the DELETE FILLET option. Keep the Join Macros flag active. While in preview mode, rotate the part to view better the Surfaces to be created. Zoom out to ensure that ANSA has created nice Surfaces. Press OK in the Dach Parameters window. The Faces of the fillet are deleted and new Faces forming sharp corners are created. Note that as you have used the Join Macros option, some Double CONS are colored in light brown color instead of yellow. This means that if you switch to MESH menu, you will not see them as they are joined. This allows a better mesh, as it avoids narrow Macro Areas. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-41 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Zoom out. You will apply DACH function to the fillet around the large flange all round the part. This time you will manually select the Faces. Zoom in to this area. PARAM DACH Activate the FACEs>DACH [DACH] and pick with the left mouse button the CONS shown. Ignore the Dach Selection window and select with left mouse button the CONS shown. ANSA should highlight the string of Faces shown. Use right mouse button to de-select Faces if required. Confirm with middle mouse button the selected Faces. Again you get a preview of the Surfaces to be created, and the Dach Parameters window appears. The DELETE FILLET flag is now active from the last time. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-42 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Press F9 to zoom all and ensure that all Surfaces are well described. Press OK in the Dach Parameters window. The Faces of the fillet are deleted and replaces with new Faces that form sharp corners. Zoom to the top flange. Notice that it does not have sharp corners. Activate the CURVEs visibility flag. The magenta 3D Curves appear. As the specified Resolution for Curves is much smaller than that of CONS, you can see better the exact geometry description. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-43 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
The 3D Curve shown that the corners of the top flange are round. Alternatively you could use the FINE function and left click on the red CONS to view it with better Resolution. CURVEs De-activate CURVEs visibility flag, as you do not need them. FLANGE CORNER Activate the FACEs>FLANGE [CORNER]. The Radius Definition window appears. Activate the AUTO flag button. Pick with the left mouse button the CONS near its round corner. ANSA makes the corner sharp and inserts a Hot Point automatically. Left click on the opposite corner, to do the same there also. The flange now has sharp and well-defined corners. This will help in the creation of a good quality mesh. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-44 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
F9 Press F9 to zoom all. Switch to PID display mode. You can now view the Faces colored according to their Property ID. (Note that the colors may appear different in your case, but this is not important here). Zoom in close to this area. As you can see the DACH function that split the fillet in two has left a discontinuity in Property. (You may have to use the FINE function to improve the Resolution locally and better understand the geometry). You will correct this in order to avoid quality problems in the shell meshing later. First de-activate SHADOW mode, to facilitate viewing. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-45 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
CUT Activate the FACEs>CUT function. Select with the left mouse button the two Hot Points shown. A cut is made between these two positions and a new CONS appears (note that you can always undo an unwanted CUT by selecting the new CONS with right mouse button, while in the CUT function). Now Activate the FACEs>SET SET PID PID function. Select with the left mouse button the small triangular Face from its crosshatch. Confirm with middle mouse button. The Properties window appears, so that you can select the PID you want to assign to the selected Face. To make it easier pick with the left mouse button a Face from the screen to get its PID. The PID is assigned to the Face. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-46 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Activate again the SHADOW display mode. The area is now better shared by the two properties. The same PID difference problem occurs on the other side as well. Treat it in a similar manner. Switch to ENT display mode. The clean up process should now be complete. You will make some final checks. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-47 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
De-activate SHADOW, CROSH and DOUBLE visibility flags. You should only see three closed paths of red CONS corresponding to the outer perimeter and two openings of the part. If not correct the problems. Bring back SHADOW and DOUBLE flags. UCHECKED functions. Press the UNCHECKED function from the Focus group of The UCHECKED function leaves only visible the Faces that fail the SHADOW operation. Such Faces usually are thin needle shaped Faces or Faces that have bad Surface description. In your case the display should be left blank, indicating the absence of such problems. ALL Press ALL from the Focus group to make all the Faces visible. The geometry defeaturing is completed. Save the file from FILE>SAVE. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-48 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
1.5. Shell meshing Switch to MESH menu. In MESH menu the Faces are now Macro Areas and the CONS are Perimeter Segments. The Hot Points are here displayed as white dots. Along the Perimeter Segments you can see magenta Perimeter nodes. These are places initially according to the CONS Resolution settings. In this case the nodes are placed every 20mm, apart from some regions where you have used the FINE function to change the Resolution locally. You will assign a uniform distance between Perimeter Nodes, or Element Length. Activate the MACROs>LENGTH LENGTH function. Select all the Macro Areas with left mouse button. Confirm with middle mouse button. The Input window opens. Type in a value of 10 and press Enter. The new element length is applied to all the Perimeter Segments of the selected Macro Areas. (Note that although we started with a CONS Resolution length (and correspondingly Element Length) of 20mm, we will mesh the part with an element length of 10, so as to keep more details). RECON. Activate the SHELL MESH> RECON flag button. This will enable the Reconstruction algorithm to run automatically right after the meshing algorithms, in order to get high quality mesh. MIXED.. By default the switch button SHELL MESH>MIXED.. is in MIXED position, and a mesh of mainly quad and some tria elements is generated. FREE Visible Activate the SHELL MESH> FREE [Visible] function. All the Macro Areas are meshed with the FREE algorithm. The number of the visible elements is given in a text legend on the left. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-49 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
You will use some functions to improve the quality of the generated mesh. Zoom in to the front of the part. Notice how the elements are squeezed in the small triangular shaped Macros Area. Activate the MACROs>JOIN JOIN function. Select with the left mouse button the two Perimeter Segments shown. The Perimeters are removed and the two Macros are joined to form a larger one. The mesh is of course erased. Note that if you join a Perimeter by mistake, you can retrieve it using the MACROs>RELEASE function, just picking it from the preview). Notice that some Hot Points are left over. Activate the HOT POINTs> DELETE DELETE function and select them with the left mouse button. The Hot Points are removed and the Perimeter Segments are connected into longer, more uniform Segments. The mesh of the neighboring Macro is also erased. RE-MESH Visible Activate the SHELL MESH>RE-MESH [Visible] function. The erased Macros Areas are remeshed with the same meshing algorithm, in this case the FREE. Still you can see the middle Macro Areas are quite narrow and do not leave space for a good quality mesh. You will split these in half. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-50 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
TOPO> Switch to TOPO to perform a vertical cut along the middle. PARAM Activate the HOT PNTs> PARAM function. Select with the left mouse button the red CONS at the bottom. The Input window opens. Type in a value of 0.5 to place a Hot Point midlength of the CONS, and press Enter. A Hot Point is created. PRJ-CUT Activate the FACEs>PRJ-CUT function. Select the Hot Point and then the first opposite Double CONS. ANSA projects the selected Hot Point and makes a Cut. The new Hot Point remains highlighted (selected). You can proceed with the selection of the next opposite Double CONS to continue the cut. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-51 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Proceed until the CONS shown. Press ESC to exit the PRJ-CUT function. Next move to the bottom flange. PARAM Activate the HOT PNTs>PARAM function. Select the bottom red CONS. The input window opens. Keep the 0.5 value that was previously used and press Enter. A Hot Point is created. Without exiting the function use the right mouse button to select the three other Double CONS, to create additional Hot Points at the same parametric distance. Finally, activate the FACEs>CUT CUT function and the three cuts shown, selecting two Hot Points every time. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-52 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
The Faces have been cut in the middle. Switch to MESH menu. MESH > The mesh has been locally erased, as the Macros have been modified. Before remeshing you will join some more Macro Areas. JOIN Activate the MACROs>JOIN function. To facilitate selection of Perimeter Segments for joining, activate the flag in the Corner Angle selection window that appears. Select with left mouse button the string of Perimeters, picking from the bottom. Selected Perimeters are not immediately joined but highlighted as selected. Select also the other string as shown. Confirm selected Perimeters with middle mouse button. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-53 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
ANSA joins the Macros. As a result the mesh is erased. Activate the HOT PNTs>DELETE DELETE function and select with box selection to remove all unecessary Hot Points. RE-MESH Visible Use the SHELL MESH> REMESH [Visible] function. Zoom in to the top area here. Again here there are some narrow Macros. Activate the MACROs>JOIN JOIN function. De-activate the flag in the Corner Angle selection window, to return to normal selection (one by one). Select the two outer Perimeters. The Perimeters are joined and the mesh is erased. Note that again there are some DELETE unecessary Hot Points remaining. Delete them with HOT PNTs>DELETE function. Note here that to avoid having to delete the Hot Points after such modifications, you can activate the flag auto-delete in the General Settings window, avtivated by SETTINGS>GENERAL SETTINGS. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-54 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
RE-MESH Visible Remesh the area with SHELL MESH>REMESH [Visible]. The mesh now appears better in this area. As you can see every action that results in the modification of a Macro, leads to the erasure of its mesh. Then you have to use the function SHELL MESH>RE-MESH to remesh it. Activate the SHELL MESH> A.MESH A.MESH flag button. From now on Auto-Remeshing will take place without you having to select it. Move to the top round flange area. Notice here a Perimeter Segment that is too short to have even one Perimeter Node. This leads some triangular elements that could otherwise be avoided. NUMBER Activate the PERIMETERs> NUMBER function. Select with the left mouse button the small Perimeter Segment. The Input window opens, where the current nodal number is reported. Type in the value 1 and press Enter. One nodal number is assigned to this Segment, which is now colored red, to indicate the nodal number has been specified explicitly and not via the element Length. The mesh was of course erased by this action, but as the SHELL MESH>A.MESH was active, ANSA remeshed the affected Macro Areas automatically. Notice how this inclined Perimeter JOIN distorts the mesh. Activate the MACROs>JOIN function and join it. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-55 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
The mesh is better. Move to the other side of the top flange. A similar problem exists here also. Activate the PERIMETERs> NUMBER NUMBER function and apply a nodal number of one. The mesh is improved here as well. Moving now to the round flange itself. Suppose you want to have two rows of elements along the flange. Instead of using the NUMBER function and assigning a nodal number of 1 to all Segments, you can use the PERIMETERs>ALIGN function. Activate the function. ALIGN Select with the left mouse button one vertical Segment as shown. The Input window appears. Type in a value of 1 and press Enter. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-56 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
ANSA assigns automatically the specific nodal number to all of the Perimeter Segments that are parallel to the selected Segment in a continuous path of Macro Areas. The automatic remeshing results in a flange with two rows of elements. Move on to the top flange of the part. 1 2 Notice how the elements are misaligned. PROJECT Activate the HOT POINTs> PROJECT function. Select the Hot Point shown and then the opposite Perimeter Segment. A new Hot Point is created at the projection location. The Perimeter Nodes on the Segments are now aligned resulting in a good mesh. Suppose we want to place two rows of elements in the top flange. 2 CUT Prj-Cut Activate the MACROs>CUT [Prj-Cut] function. Select the bottom Hot Point and the opposite top Perimeter. 1 ANSA projects and cuts. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-57 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Finally use the PERIMETERs> NUMBER NUMBER function to place one node in the short vertical Perimeter. Still you can improve the mesh of the fillet region, by meshing it with a different algorithm. MAP Re-Generate Activate the function SHELL MESH> MAP [Re-Generate]. Select the Macro Area with the left mouse button. You can de-select with right mouse button if required. Confirm with middle mouse button. ANSA erases the current mesh and meshes from new with the algorithm MAP. The resulting mesh better represents the curved fillet. Move on to the area shown. 1 See how this tilted Segment interrupts the orientation of the mesh. 2 CUT Cut Activate the MACROs>CUT [Cut] function. Select the Hot Point and then the Perimeter Node as shown. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-58 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
A cut is made and a new Segment is created. The affected Macros are remeshed. Now activate the MACROs>JOIN JOIN function and select the tilted perimeter Segment. The Segment is removed as the two Macro Areas are joined into one. The resulting mesh is of better quality. Move to the area of the round protrusion. Notice how many small elements are confined in narrow Macro Areas. Use the MACROs>JOIN function JOIN to join the Segments, and create larger Macros. Then activate the HOT POINTs> DELETE DELETE and select with box selection the area shown. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-59 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
Optionally you can use the NUMBER PERIMETERs>NUMBER function and assign numbers (1 and 7 nodes) to the two remaining Segments shown. Moving to the last area, near the top end of the big flange. JOIN Join these two small Segments. NUMBER Assign a nodal number of 1 to this Segment. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-60 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
The mesh is improved. F9 Press F9 to zoom all. JOIN Join these two Segments that interrupt the mesh of the flange. The mesh is complete. Note that the number of elements displayed in the legend may differ depending on the actions that were taken during Macro manipulation. (You can output the shell mesh in any of the available output formats, through FILE>OUTPUT). You can de-activate the visibility flag buttons for PERIMs and HOT PNTs in order to view the mesh better. The tutorial is completed. Save the file from FILE>SAVE. Quit ANSA from FILE>QUIT. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-61 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials
! Having quit ANSA, you may, or may not, want to delete the ANSA.defaults file that you have created from FILE>SETTINGS>SAVE SETTINGS>SAVE (page 1-7). This file is located in your home directory. Deleting the file will ensure that the next time you start ANSA, it will appear with its inherent default settings. 1.6. Conclusion In this tutorial you have followed all the basic steps to clean up the geometry of a part, remove some small details and mesh it with shell elements. Not all capabilities were demonstrated. Refer also to ANSA v12.x User s Guide and to the On-Line Help for the functionality of ANSA and detailed description of functions and procedures. BETA CAE Systems S.A. Tutorial 1-62 ANSA v.12.0.1 Tutorials