Mobile Trends And The New Threats Is Your SAP System Vulnerable to Cyber Attacks? Stephen Lamy, Virtual Forge

Mobile Trends And The New Threats Is Your SAP System Vulnerable to Cyber Attacks? Stephen Lamy, Virtual Forge

Agenda Mobile Trends and The New Threats The Forgotten Layer Benchmarks of Defects in Custom ABAP What Can Go Wrong? Security Standards

Virtual Forge Experts in the field of SAP system and application security and quality Founded in 2001 CodeProfiler released 2008, SystemProfiler released 2013 Patented Data and Control Flow Analysis for ABAP Gartner: Magic Quadrant for Application Security Testing Leading vendor for ABAP Security Cool Vendor 2011 Heidelberg, Weimar and Philadelphia

Agenda Mobile Trends and the new Threats The Forgotten Layer Benchmarks of Defects in Custom ABAP What Can Go Wrong? Security Standards

Going Mobile... and the Key Threats Access from anywhere Extensive access to corporate information New features added daily Hostile environment (public) Attractive target for attackers Increased attack surface Source: Dimension Research The impact of mobile devices on information security 5

Attack Vectors against Mobiles Source: Fraunhofer SIT: How Smartphones and Co. may be Cheating on you 6

Facts McAfee Threats Report: First Quarter 2013 the total number of samples in our mobile malware zoo reached 50,926, with 28 percent of that arriving in 2013 (source this is the Q1 report!) IP addresses in the United States are again both the source and the target of most malicious network activity. Q1 only! 7

Facts (continued) Attacks on Mobile devices focus either: Using the mobile to steal sensitive data Getting access data to backend systems Apple: 50% of smartphone users do not set up a passcode Phishing Companies from the United States are the most targeted, suffering 80 percent of all attacks. Phishing by country: 8

Agenda Mobile Trends and the new Threats The Forgotten Layer Benchmarks of Defects in Custom ABAP What Can Go Wrong? Security Standards

Where the data comes from Mobile Gateway C++ Application Java Application HTML Application ABAP RFC/BAdI SAP ALL Mobile apps eventually call ABAP programs

1 9 9 7 The Attack Surface of SAP

2 0 0 2 The Attack Surface of SAP

Since 2 0 0 7 The Attack Surface of SAP

The Attack Surface of SAP Since 2 0 11 NetWeaver Gateway

The Forgotten Layer Business Runtime SAP security must be addressed holistically Business Run-time Apps must properly enforce Business Logic GRC & SoD are only effective if they are enforced within the applications Business Logic Business Runtime Database Operating System

SAP System Security Tests Testing of >550 SAP Systems (including some of the largest organizations of the world) Over 95% of the systems analyzed were exposed to espionage, sabotage and fraud attacks None of the evaluated SAP systems were fully updated with the latest SAP security patches Most of these exploitable vulnerabilities have been publicly known to SAP customers for more than 5 years Source: Onapsis-BlackHat 2012

Increased External Access Points Increased External SAP Access Points

Never Trust the Other Side! - Security Paradigm Unsecured devices have access to sensitive backend systems (e.g. BYOD) 93% have mobile devices connected to their corporate networks The attacks against Mobiles continue to rise dramatically 52% of large companies say cost of mobile security incidents last year exceeded $500,000 45% have more than five times as many personal mobile devices as they had two years ago, a 36% increase from 2012 Best Practice: Stringently enforce device-level security Test and validate the complete application and data processing 18

Our SAP systems are secure

Agenda Mobile Trends and the new Threats The Forgotten Layer Benchmarks of Defects in Custom ABAP What Can Go Wrong? Security Standards

Source of Defects Source of Defects Little/no technical specifications Manual/Basic code reviews Testing focused on functional aspects External/3 rd Party development Limited/no code change monitoring

Definitions Average (Arithmetic Mean): Median: The value in the middle, when the numbers are sorted Example: 1,2,3,100,101 Median = 3 LOC = Lines of Code (without comments and empty lines) KLOC = 1 Thousand LOC MLOC = 1 Million LOC

Benchmark Data As of: July, 2013 # of Systems: 88 Total LOC: 156,443,087 Namespaces: Test Case Domains: All custom ABAP code (Y*,Z*, 3 rd -Party namespaces, BADIs, ) Security Compliance Performance Maintainability Robustness

Custom ABAP Benchmarks Benchmark Statistics Metric Average Median Source Code Lines (LOC) (without comments and empty lines) 1,862,418 1,032,539 Comments 596,059 325,931 Inline Comments 122,876 63,892 Percentage of Comments in Analyzed Lines 28% 28% Pragmas 5,119 1,621 Average Module Size (LOC) 53 52

Critical Defects at the Average Customer Metric Benchmarks of Critical Defects Average Median Source Code Lines (LOC) (without comments and empty lines) 1,862,418 1,032,539 Domain Average Median Pro KLOC (Average) Security (Critical only) 1,475 903 0,79 Compliance (Critical only) 270 93 0,14 Performance (Critical only) 1,171 1,016 0,63 Maintainability (Critical only) 415 0 0,22 Robustness (Critical only) 1,586 427 0,85

Critical Defects at the Average Customer 1 critical security or compliance defect in every ~1,000 lines of ABAP code Probabilities: ABAP Command Injection 50% Authorization Issue 100% Directory Traversal 93% 26

Test Case Missing AUTHORITY-CHECK before CALL TRANSACTION Missing AUTHORITY-CHECK in Reports Directory Traversal (Write Access) Hard-coded SAP System ID Checks (sy-sysid) Missing AUTHORITY-CHECK in RFC-Enabled Functions Dangerous ABAP Commands Directory Traversal (Read Access) File Upload (SAP GUI) Hard-coded SAP Client Checks (sy-mandt) File Download (SAP GUI) Generic RFC Destinations OSQL Injection (Read Access) Broken AUTHORITY-CHECKs Generic Table Query (Write Access) Generic ABAP Module Calls Exposed Kernel Calls Cross-Site Scripting ABAP Command Injection (report) ABAP Command Injection (program) Hard-coded Passwords Security Defects: Top 20

Agenda Mobile Trends and the new Threats The Forgotten Layer Benchmarks of Defects in Custom ABAP What Can Go Wrong? Security Standards

What Can Go Wrong? Free Benchmark Scan of Your ABAP Code Your ABAP code Security & Compliance Performance Robustness & Maintainability Data Loss Prevention Summary of findings Prioritization of found vulnerabilities Specific examples of findings from your own code Code metrics Benchmark (on request) Register Here for a Free Benchmark Scan

Agenda Mobile Trends and the new Threats The Forgotten Layer Benchmarks of Defects in Custom ABAP What Can Go Wrong? Security Standards

Security Guidelines for SAP Culture Increase awareness of the need for SAP Security (for example, though workshops) Provide security training (Developer, Administrator, User, etc) Organization Make SAP Security an integral part of your corporate security strategy Develop company and partner security standards and processes that are binding! Compliance Make security a pre-requisite for all SAP projects Test that all delivered applications comply with security standards Add SAP Security to your audit activities Seite

Security Guidelines for SAP continued Technology Implement automated testing into your change control process to enable faster detection and mediation of security and quality defects Cost Awareness The earlier that defects are found, the less they cost to correct Cost of a correcting a single defect when found in: Unit testing (DEV) = $100 User Testing (QA) = $1,000 In productive system (PROD) =$10,000 After System failure, attack, = $?????? 32

ID Vulnerability Description BIZEC APP/11 Standard Security Tests Protecting Against Security Defects APP-01 ABAP Command Injection Execution of arbitrary ABAP Commands APP-02 OS Command Injection Execution of arbitrary OS Commands APP-03 Native SQL Injection Execution of arbitrary SQL Commands APP-04 Improper Authorization (Missing, Broken, Proprietary, Generic) Missing or incorrect Authorization Checks APP-05 Directory Traversal Unauthorized write/read access to files (SAP Server) APP-06 Direct Database Modifications Unauthorized Access to SAP Standard Tables APP-07 Cross-Client Database Access Cross-Client Access to Business Data APP-08 Open SQL Injection Malicious Manipulation of OSQL Commands APP-09 Generic Module Execution Unauthorized Execution of Modules (Reports, FMs, etc.) APP-10 Cross-Site Scripting Manipulation of the Browser UI, Identity Theft APP-11 Obscure ABAP Code Hidden / untestable ABAP Code

LEARNING POINTS Attacks on mobile Devices are rising exponentially. The combination of increased external (Web, mobile, etc.) applications has increased the diligence required by companies to ensure that their SAP systems are safe and stable. Custom ABAP and 3rd party code often have a relatively high number of defects that can introduce serious risks to your SAP production systems. Manual code reviews and basic tools offer no real protection at a relatively high cost.

RETURN ON INVESTMENT Implementing automated testing into your change control process will enable faster detection and mediation of security and quality defects The earlier that defects are found, the less they cost to correct Cost of a correcting a single defect when found in: Unit testing (DEV) = $100 User Testing (QA) = $1,000 In productive system (PROD) =$10,000 After System failure, attack, = $??????

BEST PRACTICES Enforce stringent security and quality standards for all custom and 3rd party code add them to contracts! Implement change control procedures that include automatic testing of all ABAP changes before importing to productive systems.

Thank You! Stephen Lamy @Virtual_Forge stephen.lamy@virtualforge.com +1 610 864 0261