PV protective solutions

PV SPD catalogue PV protective solutions for solar PV applications

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The need for PV protection Photovoltaic installations are key sources of renewable energy across the world and are increasing both in terms of size and number. The installations have a number of challenges which arise from their exposed nature and vast collection areas. The unique nature of the PV installations makes them vulnerable to overvoltage surges from lightning strikes and static discharges. The core challenge is protecting these installations against direct and indirect lightning strikes which present a high risk of causing damage. The effects of direct or indirect lightning strikes making it into the electrical system can be catastrophic. If significant damage is caused to the installation then the operator is faced with high repair costs to the equipment and a loss of revenue as a result of the loss of output. As a result of this it is essential that the surges are intercepted before they take down the entire system by damaging the PV arrays, charge controller / inverter and combiner boxes. Bussmann is able to mitigate against these threats by providing a comprehensive protective solution to the customer. A range of certified PV DC surge protective devices is available to safeguard the electrical system of the PV installation, preventing damage. In addition to the surge protection devices, Bussmann has a large product portfolio covering the complete PV protective solution; including AC surge protection, PV fuses and a Combiner Box solutions. EATON PV SPD catalogue 3

PV system overview To ensure full system protection against the propagation of over voltage surges throughout the PV installation it is important to select the correct Surge Protection Device (SPD) for each part of the system in the DC, AC and data-line networks. The network diagram and table helps to identify the key areas of SPD protection. 4 EATON PV SPD catalogue

Look-up table LV Protection Inverter Protection Array Protection Product Line DC PV T1/PV T2 - High Performance DC PV T2 DC PV T2 - High Performance Data line AC T1/2 and T2 String Protection These combined PV T1/ PV T2 devices are certified to provide protection for 600VDCor 1000VDC systems and up to 1000ADC Iscpv. 333 The PV T2 devices are specifically designed for use within 600V or 1000VDC systems with an Iscpv up to 160ADC. 3 High Performance PV T2 designed for high PV currents up to 1000ADC Iscpv with operating voltages of 600VDC or 1000VDC. 333 The Data line range of surge protection devices are specifically designed for communication systems typically found in PV systems, with 4-wire, BNC and RJ45 options. 3 3 3 The AC range of devices are suitable for T1&T2 or T2 protection of the LV distribution panels and auxiliary equipment with voltages from 75VAD to 580VAC. 3 3 3 EATON PV SPD catalogue 5

PV T1 / PV T2 DC SPD Description This range of modular SPDs are suitable for use within 600Vdc or 1000Vdc systems and provide combined PV T1/PV T2 protection. The heavy duty metal oxide varistors provide higher energy dissipation necessary for combined lightning and surge protection. The IP20 finger safe construction has an operating temperature range from 40 C to +80 C, increasing the operational capability and geographical scope which the SPD devices can be installed in. Tested to 1000A I scpv these combined PV T1/PV T2 SPDs are suitable for use at all levels of the DC element of the photovoltaic system. Standard Features Modular design. Keyed plugs and base elements protect against mismatching. Local and remote monitoring. DIN rail mountable. I scpv = 1000A. 6 EATON PV SPD catalogue

Part number SPPVT12-06-2-PE SPPVT12-10-2-PE Part number (with remote indicator) SPPVT12-06-2-PE-AX SPPVT12-10-2-PE-AX Nominal PV System voltage 600 VDC 1000 VDC Max. continuous operating voltage U CPV 720 VDC 1050 VDC Open circuit voltage under standard test conditions U OC STC 600 VDC 875 VDC Short circuit current rating I SCPV 1000A 1000 A SPD Overload behaviour mode OCM (open circuit mode) OCM (Open Circuit Mode) Class of test according to EN 50539-11 PV T1/ PV T2 PV T1 / PV T2 Nominal discharge current I n (8/20)μs: 15 ka 15 ka Max. discharge current I max (8/20)μs: 40 ka 40 ka Total discharge current I total (8/20) μs: 40 ka 40 ka Total discharge current I total (10/350) μs 7 ka 5 ka Impulse discharge current I imp (10/350) μs 5 ka 5 ka Voltage protection level U p (L+/L-) - PE 2.6 kv 3.5 kv Limiting voltage U res (8/20) (L+/L-) - PE at I n 2.6 kv 3.5 kv at 5 ka 2.0 kv 2.9 kv at 10 ka 2.3 kv 3.2 kv at 20 ka 2.8 kv 3.7 kv at 30 ka 3.1 kv 4.1 kv at 40 ka 3.6 kv 4.6 kv Response time t A 25 ns 25 ns Max. required series fuse Not required Not required Continuous operating current I CPV < 20 μa < 20 μa Rated load current I L 80 A 80 A Residual current I PE < 20 μa DC / 350 μa AC < 20 μa DC / 300 μa AC Standby power consumption P C < 20 mva < 25 mva Temperature range -40 C to +80 C -40 C to +80 C Humidity range 5% 95% 5% 95% Altitude 3000 m 3000 m Degree of protection according to IEC 61643-11:2011 IP20 IP20 Air clearances and creepage distances according to EN 50539-11 Degree of pollution 2 2 Overvoltage category III III Insulating material Housing plug/base element PA 6.6 / PBT PA 6.6 / PBT Inflammability class according to UL 94 V0 V0 CTI According to IEC 112 > 600 > 600 Connection Terminal blocks / Rail mountable NS 35 Terminal blocks / Rail mountable NS 35 Fine-/solid strand/ AWG 1.5-25 mm²/ 1.5-35 mm²/ 15-2 1.5-25 mm²/ 1.5-35 mm²/ 15-2 Terminal blocks 1.5-16 mm² with spade lug terminal M6 1.5-16 mm² with spade lug terminal M6 Thread / torque / strip length M5/ 4.5 Nm/ 16 mm M5/ 4.5 Nm/ 16 mm Remote indicator contact (..AX parts only) Switching function Single pole changeover contact Single pole changeover contact Connection method Pluggable MC 1.5/3 ST Pluggable MC 1.5/3 ST Wire fine/solid strand/awg 0.14-1.5mm 2 / AWG 30-16 (CSA) 30-14 (UL) 0.14-1.5mm 2 / AWG 30-16 (CSA) 30-14 (UL) Thread / torque / strip length M2 / 0.25 Nm / 7 mm M2 / 0.25 Nm / 7 mm Max admissible operating voltage 250 VAC / 30 VDC 250 VAC / 30 VDC Max admissible power AC 1.5 A / 250 VAC 1.5 A / 250 VAC Max admissible power DC 1.5 A / 30 VDC 1.5 A / 30 VDC Min admissible power 5 ma / 5 V 5 ma / 5 V Certified according to EN 50539-11 EN 50539-11 EATON PV SPD catalogue 7

PV T2 standard / high performance Description Designed specifically for PV solar applications, this range of modular PV SPDs are suitable for use within 600Vdc or 1000Vdc systems. They provide fast and reliable protection against indirect lightning strikes and voltage surges. The SPDs contain integrated indication of device status with the option for remote indication helping system operators ensure continuous protection. The IP20 finger-safe construction has an operating temperature range from -40 C to +80 C, increasing the operational capability required for PV environments. Certified to EN 50539-11 these devices provide effective PV Type 2 protection of the DC element of the photovoltaic system from indirect lightning strikes and surges. Features for the T2 Standard SPD I SCPV = 160A Modular design. Keyed plugs and base elements protect against mismatching. Local and remote monitoring. DIN rail mountable. Features for the T2 High Performance SPD I SCPV = 1000A Modular design. Keyed plugs and base elements protect against mismatching. Local and remote monitoring. DIN rail mountable. 8 EATON PV SPD catalogue

PV T2 high performance Part number SPPVT2H-06-2-PE SPPVT2H-10-2-PE Part number (with remote indication) SPPVT2H-06-2-PE-AX SPPVT2H-10-2-PE-AX Nominal PV System voltage 600 VDC 1000 VDC Max. continuous operating voltage U CPV 800 VDC 1170 V DC Open circuit voltage under standard test conditions U OC STC 670 VDC 970 V DC Short circuit current rating I SCPV 1000 A 1000 A SPD Overload behaviour mode OCM (Open Circuit Mode) OCM (Open Circuit Mode) Class of test according to EN 50539-11 PV T2 PV T2 Nominal discharge current I n (8/20)μs: 15 ka 15 ka Max. discharge current I max (8/20)μs: 40 ka 40 ka Total discharge current I total (8/20) μs: 40 ka 40 ka Voltage protection level U p (L+ / L-) - PE 2.7 kv 3.7 kv Limiting voltage U res (8/20) (L+ / L-) - PE at 1 A 2.7 kv 3.7 kv at 2 ka 1.9 kv 2.7 kv at 5 ka 2.2 kv 3.1 kv at 10 ka 2.5 kv 3.5 kv at 20 ka 2.9 kv 4.0 kv at 30 ka 3.4 kv 4.6 kv at 40 ka 3.8 kv 5.0 kv Response time t A 25 ns 25 ns Max. required series fuse Not required Not required Continuous operating current I CPV < 20 μa < 20 μa Rated load current I L 80 A 80 A Residual current I PE < 20 μa DC / 300 μa AC < 20 μa DC / 250 μa AC Standby power consumption P C < 20 mva < 25 mva Temperature range -40 C to +80 C -40 C to +80 C Humidity range 5% 95% 5% 95% rel Altitude 3000 m 3000 m Degree of protection according to IEC 61643-11:2011 IP20 IP20 Air clearances and creepage distances according to EN 50539-11 degree of pollution 2 2 overvoltage category III III Insulating material housing plug/base element PA 6.6 / PBT PA 6.6/ PBT inflammability class according to UL 94 V0 V0 CTI According to IEC 112 > 600 > 600 Connection Terminal blocks / Rail mountable NS 35 Terminal blocks / Rail mountable NS 35 Fine-/solid strand/ AWG 1.5-25 mm²/ 1.5-35 mm²/ '15-2 1.5 to 25 mm²/ 1.5 to 35 mm²/ 15-2 Terminal blocks 1.5-16 mm² with spade lug terminal M6 1.5 to 16mm² with spade lug terminal M6 Thread/torque/strip length M5/ 4.5 Nm/ 16 mm M5/ 4.5 Nm/ 16mm Remote indicator contact (..AX parts only) Switching function Single pole changeover contact Single pole changeover contact Connection method Pluggable MC 1.5/3 ST Pluggable MC 1.5/3 ST Wire fine/solid strand/awg 0.14-1.5mm 2 / AWG 30-16 (CSA) 30-14 (UL) 0.14-1.5mm 2 / AWG 30-16 (CSA) 30-14 (UL) Thread / torque / strip length M2 / 0.25 Nm / 7 mm M2 / 0.25 Nm / 7 mm Max admissible operating voltage 250 VAC / 30 VDC 250 VAC / 30 VDC Max admissible power AC 1.5 A / 250 VAC 1.5 A / 250 VAC Max admissible power DC 1.5 A / 30 VDC 1.5 A / 30 VDC Min admissible power 5 ma / 5 V 5 ma / 5 V Certified according to EN 50539-11 EN 50539-11 EATON PV SPD catalogue 9

PV T2 standard Part number SPPVT2-06-2-PE SPPVT2-10-2-PE Part number (with remote indication) SPPVT2-06-2-PE-AX SPPVT2-10-2-PE-AX Nominal PV System voltage 600 VDC 1000 VDC Max. continuous operating voltage U CPV 800 VDC 1170 V DC Open circuit voltage under standard test conditions U OC STC 670 VDC 970 V DC Short circuit current rating I SCPV 160 A 160 A SPD Overload behaviour mode OCM (Open Circuit Mode) OCM (Open Circuit Mode) Class of test according to EN 50539-11 PV T2 PV T2 Nominal discharge current I n (8/20)μs: 15 ka 15 ka Max. discharge current I max (8/20)μs: 40 ka 40 ka Total discharge current I total (8/20) μs: 40 ka 40 ka Voltage protection level U p (L+ / L-) - PE 2.7 kv 3.7 kv Limiting voltage U res (8/20) (L+ / L-) - PE at 1 A 2.7 kv 3.7 kv at 2 ka 1.9 kv 2.7 kv at 5 ka 2.2 kv 3.1 kv at 10 ka 2.5 kv 3.5 kv at 20 ka 2.9 kv 4.0 kv at 30 ka 3.4 kv 4.6 kv at 40 ka 3.8 kv 5.0 kv Response time t A 25 ns 25 ns Max. required series fuse Not required Not required Continuous operating current I CPV < 20 μa < 20 μa Rated load current I L 80 A 80 A Residual current I PE < 20 μa DC / 300 μa AC < 20 μa DC / 250 μa AC Standby power consumption P C < 20 mva < 25 mva Temperature range -40 C to +80 C -40 C to +80 C Humidity range 5% 95% 5% 95% rel Altitude 3000 m 3000 m Degree of protection according to IEC 61643-11:2011 IP20 IP20 Air clearances and creepage distances according to EN 50539-11 degree of pollution 2 2 overvoltage category III III Insulating material housing plug/base element PA 6.6 / PBT PA 6.6/ PBT inflammability class according to UL 94 V0 V0 CTI According to IEC 112 > 600 > 600 Connection Terminal blocks / Rail mountable NS 35 Terminal blocks / Rail mountable NS 35 Fine-/solid strand/ AWG 1.5-25 mm²/ 1.5-35 mm²/ '15-2 1.5 to 25 mm²/ 1.5 to 35 mm²/ 15-2 Terminal blocks 1.5-16 mm² with spade lug terminal M6 1.5 to 16mm² with spade lug terminal M6 Thread/torque/strip length M5/ 4.5 Nm/ 16 mm M5/ 4.5 Nm/ 16mm Remote indicator contact (..AX parts only) Switching function Single pole changeover contact Single pole changeover contact Connection method Pluggable MC 1.5/3 ST Pluggable MC 1.5/3 ST Wire fine/solid strand/awg 0.14-1.5mm 2 / AWG 30-16 (CSA) 30-14 (UL) 0.14-1.5mm 2 / AWG 30-16 (CSA) 30-14 (UL) Thread / torque / strip length M2 / 0.25 Nm / 7 mm M2 / 0.25 Nm / 7 mm Max admissible operating voltage 250 VAC / 30 VDC 250 VAC / 30 VDC Max admissible power AC 1.5 A / 250 VAC 1.5 A / 250 VAC Max admissible power DC 1.5 A / 30 VDC 1.5 A / 30 VDC Min admissible power 5 ma / 5 V 5 ma / 5 V Certified according to EN 50539-11 EN 50539-11 10 EATON PV SPD catalogue

Plug-in modules When the SPD reaches the end of its life and indicates that it needs to be replaced Bussmann is able to provide replacement modules for the full range of DC PV SPDs. Each plug-in module is key coded and specific for the frame which they clip into. This allows the operator to be certain that the correct module is in place and providing the level of protection which is required. The modular design makes the replacement of parts quick and efficient. The frame remains wired into the system whilst the modules are replaced. Standard Features Keyed plugs, prevent against mismatching. Easy clip in/ clip out. Local monitoring built in. Part number on the front, allows for easy re-ordering. Thermoplastic enclosure Part number SPPVT12-06 SPPVT12-10 SPPVT2H-10 SPPVT2H-06 SPPVT2-10 SPPVT2-06 Nominal PV System Voltage 600 VDC 1000 VDC 1000 VDC 600 VDC 1000 VDC 600 VDC Max. continuous operating voltage U CPV 360 VDC 525 VDC 585 VDC 400 VDC 585 VDC 400 VDC Open circuit voltage under standard test conditions U OC STC 300 VDC 435 VDC 485 VDC 330 VDC 485 VDC 330 VDC Short circuit current rating I SCPV 1000A 1000A 1000A 1000A 160A 160A SPD overload behaviour mode OCM (open circuit mode) OCM (open circuit mode) OCM (open circuit mode) OCM (open circuit mode) OCM (open circuit mode) OCM (open circuit mode) Class of test according to EN 50539-11 PV T1/ PV T2 PV T1/ PV T2 PV T2 PV T2 PV T2 PV T2 Nominal discharge current I n (8/20)μs 15 ka 15 ka 15 ka 15 ka 15 ka 15 ka Max. discharge current I max (8/20) μs 40 ka 40 ka 40 ka 40 ka 40 ka 40 ka Voltage protection level U P (L+/L-) - PE 5 ka 5 ka 1.9 kv 1.4 kv 1.9 kv 1.4 kv Limiting voltage (8/20) (L+/L-) - PE at I n 1.4 kv 1.8 kv 1.9 kv 1.4 kv 1.9 kv 1.4 kv At 2 ka 1.0 kv 1.4 kv 1.4 kv 1.0 kv 1.4 kv 1.0 kv At 5 ka 1.1 kv 1.5 kv 1.5 kv 1.1 kv 1.5 kv 1.1 kv At 10 ka 1.2 kv 1.7 kv 1.7 kv 1.3 kv 1.7 kv 1.3 kv At 20 ka 1.5 kv 1.9 kv 2.0 kv 1.5 kv 2.0 kv 1.5 kv At 30 ka 1.6 kv 2.2 kv 2.3 kv 1.8 kv 2.3 kv 1.8 kv At 40 ka 1.8 kv 2.4 kv 2.5 kv 2.0 kv 2.5 kv 2.0 kv Response time t A 25 ns 25 ns 25 ns 25 ns 25 ns 25 ns Max. required series fuse Not required Not required Not required Not required Not required Not required Continuous operating current I CPV < 20 μa < 20 μa < 20 μa < 20 μa < 20 μa < 20 μa Residual current I PE - - - - - - Standby power consumption P C < 10 mva < 15 mva < 15 mva < 10 mva < 15 mva < 10 mva Temperature range -40 C to +80 C -40 C to +80 C -40 C to +80 C -40 C to +80 C -40 C to +80 C -40 C to +80 C Humidity range 5% 95% 5% 95% 5% 95% 5% 95% 5% 95% 5% 95% Altitude 3000 m 3000 m 3000 m 3000 m 3000 m 3000 m Degree of protection according to IEC 61643-11: 2011 IP20 IP20 IP20 IP20 IP20 IP20 Contamination level 2 2 2 2 2 2 Surge voltage category III III III III III III Housing plug/ base element PA 6.6 / PBT PA 6.6 / PBT PA 6.6 / PBT PA 6.6 / PBT PA 6.6 / PBT PA 6.6 / PBT Inflammability class according to UL 94 V0 V0 V0 V0 V0 V0 CTI according to IEC 112 > 600 > 600 > 600 > 600 > 600 > 600 Certified according to EN 50539-11 EN 50539-11 EN 50539-11 EN 50539-11 EN 50539-11 EN 50539-11 EATON PV SPD catalogue 11

AC SPDs Overview Bussmann can provide a range of AC surge protection devices suitable to provide Type 1, Type 1&2 and Type 2 protection for the AC side of the PV system for auxiliary equipment and AC LV distribution panels. The AC SPDs provide quick and efficient protection against the effects of overvoltages within AC power systems. Manufactured from thermoplastic, these SPDs are available from 75 to 580VAC and provide protection for within powered monitored combiner boxes, the inverter, and computer equipment used for monitoring and control. Standard Features Modular design. DIN rail mountable. Local and remote monitoring. Keyed plugs and base elements protect against mismatching. System voltage 75 580 VAC Number of poles 1, 1+NPE, 2, 3, 3+NPE, 4 Modular design Yes, replacement modules available Degrees of protection Type 1, Type 1&2, Type 2 Operating temperature range* -40 C to +70 C Remote monitoring available Yes IP rating IP40 Product warranty 2 years Enclosure material Thermoplastic UL 94 V2 Location category Indoor Mounting Quick fastening on DIN rail according to IEC/ EN 60715 Cross sectional area (min.)* 4mm² Cross sectional area (max.)* 25mm² * Model dependent 12 EATON PV SPD catalogue

Data-line SPDs Today many medium and large size PV systems incorporate a variety of communication systems to monitor system performance or provide security and surveillance. These communication systems also need to be adequately protected from potentially damaging overvoltage surges. The Bussmann range of data-line SPDs are specifically designed to provide surge protection for 2-wire and 4-wire RS-485 interfaces, RJ45 communications and BNC for video configurations. Importantly, installing this range of SPDs within the system will protect not only the electrical interface but also the wider network and the equipment associated with it. Twisted pair data cables Connectors Screw Voltage 5V, 12V, 24V, 48V, 0-180V D1 Total lightning impulse current (10/350μs) I imp 10kA C2 total nominal discharge current (8/20μs) I n 20kA Grounding DIN-Rail Applications Measurement, control and regulation, twisted pairs Test standards IEC 61643-21/ EN 61643-21, UL 447B RJ45 / Ethernet Connectors Voltage C2 Nominal discharge current (8/20μs) line-pg I n Grounding Applications Test standards RJ45 48V 2.5kA DIN-Rail RJ45 Connector ethernet cables IEC 61643-21/ EN 61643-21, UL 447B BNC Coaxial cable Connectors Voltage Nominal discharge current (8/20μs) line-pg I n Grounding Applications Test standards BNC 5V 10kA DIN-Rail BNC Connector coaxial cables and video IEC 61643-21/ EN 61643-21, UL 447B EATON PV SPD catalogue 13

Photovoltaic fuse links and fuse holders Available in a range of sizes and in 1000 & 1500Vdc, Bussmann s range of fuses are specifically designed to provide high quality protection and isolation for photovoltaic array combiners, recombiners and inverters. These fuse links are capable of interrupting low overcurrents associated with faulted PV systems. Photovoltaic fuse links and fuse holders Standard IEC 60947-1, 61643-11, 60269-2 and 60269-7, UL Listed and CCC Accredited Voltage 1000 to 1500 VDC Current 1 to 630 A Breaking capacity Up to 50 ka Operating class gpv Sizes 10 x 38, 14 x 51, 14 x 65, NH Style and XL Style Fuse holders CHPV series for 10 x 38 fuse links, SD-D-PV for NH Style, SD-XL-S for XL Style Applications PV panel, string, array protection Combiner box Bussmann by Eaton manufactures completely customisable combiner boxes from 3 to 24 strings, offering a unique product which is developed specifically for individual installations. Configurable to provide overcurrent fuse protection, overvoltage surge protection, DC switch isolation and full system monitoring with a choice of power supply options. Specifically designed for the harsh environmental conditions of PV installations the Bussmann by Eaton combiner box provides safe reliable system protection in ambient temperatures up to 50 C. With a global manufacturing base, Bussmann can design and manufacture customised combiner boxes within competitive timeframes whilst maintaining exceptional levels of quality to your requirement. Combiner box Standard IEC 61439-1 and -2 and IEC 60363-7-712 Voltage Up to 1000 VDC Current 1 to 32 A Number of strings 3-24 strings (20 A fuse max), 3-16 strings (32 A fuse max) Operating class gpv IP Rating IP65 (options for IP55) Enclosure types Glass reinforced polyester (GRP), painted steel, stainless steel Overcurrent protection confi gurations Positive and negative, positive only, negative only DC Load isolation DC switch disconnect 25 Adc to 500 Adc or fi xed output Input connection types Bottom or side entry MC4 connectors or glands Overvoltage protection options (SPD) PV T1/T2, PVT2, AC T1, T1/T2 & T2. Dataline D1, C2 Monitoring options 8/16/24 string shunt based monitoring. Communications options 2-Wire modbus Power supply options External 24 VDC, Internal 240 VAC to 24 VDC, Internal 1000 VDC to 24 VDC Applications Solar PV applications including: Large scale residential, small to large scale commercial, large scale utility 14 EATON PV SPD catalogue

Frequently asked questions (FAQs) How does an SPD work? A surge protector works by momentarily switching from an open circuit mode into a low impedance mode and shunting the surge energy to the ground, limiting the overvoltage to a safe level in the process. When the surge event is over the protector returns to its open circuit mode, ready for the next event. Why does a PV installation require an SPD? Due to the PV installation s exposed nature and large collection area, it is increasingly prone to direct and indirect lightning strikes or transient overvoltage conditions. An SPD will prevent damage to the installation, preventing high repair costs to components and lost revenue from loss of output. Which SPD is suitable to use? This depends on a variety of factors including the geographical location, the equipment which is being protected and the importance of its operation. The configuration of the Earth and neutral conductors is also critical. Please call Bussmann to discuss your requirements on +44 (0)1509 882699. How long does an SPD last? How long an MOV SPD lasts depends on the frequency and size of the overvoltage event. The greater the transient event, the greater the degradation of the MOV. What is a modular SPD? A modular SPD contains modules which can be replaced without replacing the entire SPD unit, making maintenance easy and minimizing time with reduced protection. The modules allow decreased labour and cost which is required for servicing the protector. How to replace an SPD at the end of life. Eaton is able to offer replacement plug in modules for each of the parts on offer. The modules clip in and clip out without requiring the whole device to be unwired from the system. What is an MOV? A Metal Oxide Varistor is a variable resistor typically made up of a large block of zinc oxide grains. They act like semi-conductors, an insulator below the conduction voltage and a low value resistor above it. In conduction mode, the MOV diverts and dissipates the overvoltage transient to Earth. MOVs generally connect from the line conductors to Earth. The thickness of the MOV determines the clamping voltage and diameter determines the current capacity. EATON PV SPD catalogue 15

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