Improving Discoverability with Unique Identifiers: ORCID, ISNI, and Implementation NFAIS, 23 July 2014 Laura Dawson Product Manager, Identifier Services, Bowker Laura.Dawson@bowker.com ISNI 0000 0004 1029 5439 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9648-1782 Laurel L. Haak, PhD Executive Director, ORCID L.Haak@orcid.org ISNI 0000000138352317 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5109-3700
Name Ambiguity Is a Problem http://ands.org.au/newsletters/share_issue18.pdf J. Å. S. Sørensen J. Aa. S. Sørensen J. Åge S. Sørensen J. Aage S. Sørensen J. Åge Smærup Sørensen J. Aage Smaerup Sørensen
One researcher may have many profiles or iden3fiers 3
What are standard identifiers? Numeric or alpha-numeric persistent designations associated with a single entity Entities can be an institution, person, or piece of content
and what do they do, exactly? Disambiguate and enforce uniqueness Enable linking and data integration In other words, persistent identifiers provide a simple basis for data governance
Stakeholders have distinct needs Researcher Funder University administrator Journalist Librarian Identity management system Aggregator (includes publishers) Disseminate research Compile all output Find collaborators Ensure network presence correct Track research outputs for grants Collate intellectual output of their researchers Retrieve all output of a specific researcher Uniquely identify each author Associate metadata, output to researcher Disambiguate names Link researcher's multiple identifiers Disseminate identifiers Associate metadata, output to researcher Collate intellectual output of each researcher Disambiguate names Link researcher's multiple identifiers Track history of researcher's affiliations Track & communicate updates K. Smith-Yoshimura, et al., 2014, Registering Researchers in Authority Files, OCLC Research http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/registering-researchers/progress.html 6
Comparing Systems ORCID ISNI Researcher-driven, privacy policy, can be claimed only by live people Library/algorithm-driven, can be assigned to any author 16-digit number, compatible with ISO 27779 standard, last character is a checksum. ORCID and ISNI identifier assignments do not overlap. Resolvable as an HTTP URI Resolvable as an HTTP URI Integrated in research workflows: publishing, grants, datasets and is thereby embedded in works metadata Scope is persistent identifier for researchers and contributors Assignment requires some form of publicly available work, and is curated by library experts Scope is persistent identifier for authors and rights management, also identifier for organizations 22 July 2014 7
Complementary Systems http://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2014/03/12/name-identification-using-the-isni/ 22 July 2014 orcid.org 8
Interoperation 22 July 2014 orcid.org 9
ORCID is a hub DOI ISBN Thesis ID ORCID APIs enable exchange between research data systems to enable connections between researchers, their works (papers, grants, datasets, and more), organizations, and other identifiers Repositories Publishers Funders DOI FundRef GrantID Higher Education and Employers Other person identifiers ISNI Researcher ID Scopus Author ID Internal identifiers Professional Associations ISNI Ringgold ID Member ID Abstract ID 10
Link to works Link to existing works through self-claim search wizards and embedded in new works through integration by publishers in manuscript submission systems 22 July 2014 orcid.org 11
Leveraging FundRef Funding organization list coordinated with FundRef Classifications & metadata fields consistent w/casrai Link to existing funding Embed during grant application workflow 22 July 2014 orcid.org 12
Adoption and Integration ORCID has issued over 800,000 ids since our launch in October 2012. Integration and use is international. 800,000 Repositories & Profile Sys 11% Associations 12% Funders 7% Creator 700,000 Publishing 25% Universities & Research Orgs 45% Website Trusted Party 600,000 Over 140 members, from every sector of the international research community 500,000 400,000 300,000 AsiaPac 15% 200,000 EMEA 35% 22 July 2014 June May Apr Feb Mar Jan Dec Nov Sep Oct Aug Jul Jun May Apr Mar Feb Jan Dec Oct - Nov 100,000 orcid.org Americas 50% 13
A rose by any other name... Guess what? There are ambiguity issues with content and organizations, too. 22 July 2014 orcid.org 14
Leveraging Ringgold and ISNI Organization list from è Ringgold (an ISNI Registrar) 22 July 2014 orcid.org 15
Interoperability with ISNI 3-part technical implementation plan link ISNIs with ORCID records (October 2013) create tools to harvest document metadata from relevant databases implement authenticated search and linkage of ORCID ids with ISNI records, and test the feasibility of allowing review and validation of ISNI records. 22 July 2014 orcid.org 16
Who is ISNI ISO iden3fier Founding members IFRRO (Interna3onal Federa3on of Reproduc3on Rights Organiza3ons) CISAC (Interna3onal Confedera3on of Authors and Composers Socie3es) SCAPR (Socie3es Council for the Collec3ve Management of Performers Rights) OCLC CENL (Conference of European Na3onal Librarians), represented by the Bri3sh Library and the Na3onal Library of France ProQuest, represented by Bowker
ISNI Organiza3onal Structure Board of Directors Quality Team Registra3on Agencies Members Ongoing assignments/ general public
Stage One Customer submits data to Registra3on Agency Registra3on Agency sends file to Assignment Agency Assignment Agency assigns as many ISNIs to the names as it can
Stage Two Assignment Agency sends assigned file to Registra3on Agency Registra3on Agency sends assigned file to Customer Customer reviews, QAs, ingests
Stage Three Assignment Agency sends updates on a monthly basis Registra3on Agency disperses files to appropriate Customers Customers ingest updates
Display Only minimal metadata is displayed Not meant as a comprehensive profile ISNI is a tool for linking data sets, colloca3on, and disambigua3on Enhancements to the record can be made but not required
Works Prerequisite to have a work for ISNI assignment The more works auributed to a contributor, the more confident the assignment 800,000 researchers in the ISNI database have works auributed to them Associa3ons (with other contributors or ins3tu3ons) contribute to data confidence
Assignment Approach Using exis3ng data sets Strong Quality Assurance process Conserva3ve err on the side of provisional assignment High level of confidence in matching Many sources of data per contributor Each contributor must be cited in at least 2 separate data sets
a bridge- iden*fier across mul*ple domains Hundreds of databases loaded into a central registry - Data Contributors ISNIs assignment to loaded data is curated Matching algorithms, data sampling, anomaly checks, quality assurance processes, End User input notes Online assignment Registra3on Agencies, ISNI Members (organisa3ons) Scope is universal ISO standard (ISO 27729) for iden3fica3on of public iden33es of authors, researchers (mostly authors in journals, authors of theses), ar3sts, composers, performers, organisa3ons, publishers, aggregators, etc. c. 8 milllion ISNIs assigned (800,000 researchers)
ISNI diffusion to Data Sources Trade Sources enables Text Rights Linked Data Value Chain Music Rights Other future cultural heritage sources Encyclopaedias Libraries identifier hub Researchers & Professional
ISNI relaeonship to ORCID Developing tools for interopera3on ISNI reciprocal lookup with ORCID Poten3al data sharing ORCID Mul3ple Asser3ons Working Group(?) Ins3tu3onal iden3fiers: NISO I 2 Links ORCID into the ISNI Linked Data Value chain Links ISNI with ORCID Researcher Engagement
Interoperability White paper Working out technical issues of linking AUemp3ng a one- to- one correspondence Laying the infrastructure to determine whether a shared or linked system is beuer Stronger working together Make more data beuer for everyone Seeking funding from Horizon2020