Internet and World Wide Web Which came first - Internet or WWW? The Internet Internet is a network of interconnected computers that is now global Internet born in 1969 - called ARPANET 1969 ARPANET was connection of computers at UCLA, Stanford, UCSB, Univ. of Utah State of computers? What was the state of computers in the late 1960s and early 1970s? No Personal Computers all large mainframe computers in late 60s Mid 1970s initial personal computers Altair: Box with blinking lights Late 1970s Apple 2, first usable PC Computers late 60s & 70s Just a box with blinking lights Not where Networking/ Internet was being developed Personal Computing? Internet - 1970s 1972 - Telnet developed as a way to connect to remote computer 1972 Email introduced 1977 - U. Wisconsin has first large Email system - 100 users 1973 - ARPANET goes international 1973 - File Transfer Protocol (FTP) established
State of computers? Computers 1980s What was the state of computers in the early 1980s? 1981 IBM PC 1984 Apple Macintosh 1986 Modem becomes option on PCs Internet - 1980s Barry M. Leiner, Vinton G. Cerf, David D. Clark, Robert E. Kahn, Leonard Kleinrock, Daniel C. Lynch, Jon Postel, Larry G. Roberts, Stephen Wolff. A Brief History of the Internet. Internet Society. http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml Internet Timeline 1984 - Domain Name Server introduced allows naming of hosts, no longer numeric 1986 - NSFNET created in 1990, becomes backbone of modern Internet when ARPANET is decommissioned Completely privatized by 1995 56 K interconnection initially, increased rapidly NSF Net Internet 1990s 1991 - Tim Berners-Lee releases World Wide Web! TBL is computer programmer at CERN, a physics lab in Europe (new book Weaving the Web by TBL) 1993 - Mosaic (becomes Netscape) designed by graduate students at University of Illinois first point-and-click browser later developed into Netscape Navigator These are the two most significant events in the formation of the WWW Internet 1990s 1991 - Tim Berners-Lee releases World Wide Web! TBL is computer programmer at CERN, a physics lab in Europe (book Weaving the Web by TBL) 1993 - Mosaic (becomes Netscape) designed by graduate students at University of Illinois first point-and-click browser later developed into Netscape Navigator These are the two most significant events in the formation of the WWW
World Wide Web Via Internet, computers can contact each other Public files on computers can be read by remote user usually HyperText Markup Language (.html) URL - Universal Resource Locator - is name of file on a remote computer http://www.msu.edu/~urquhar5/tour/active.html World Wide Web uses HTTP Servers, better known as web server Receive HTTP type request and send requested file in packets HTTP Web Browsers Mosaic (1993) was first point-and-click browser Web browsers are the software we use to view web pages Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer are most popular Netscape Navigator was original, but Microsoft leveraged IE on market State of computers? What was the state of computers in the early to mid 1990s? Computer History 1990s Windows 95 GUI made computing easier for PC-bound masses Windows 95 + Internet (AOL, others) Huge increase in number of home PCs Computer on every desk in workplace Universal Resource Locator http://www.msu.edu/~urquhar5/tour/active.html http:// identifies type of transfer www.msu.edu Domain Name - name of remote computer /~urquhar5/tour/active.html File Location on Remote Computer
21 st Century File Sharing Internet allowed sharing of simple information FTP was initial file sharing system, but a bit hard to use WWW advanced type of info allowed, but not designed for file-sharing Napster, KaZaA, Morpheus and LimeWire are file-sharing. Napster Napster was a music sharing community Used a central server to catalog who had what This central server violated music industry s copyrights Napster now screens transfers to see if they are copyrighted material Peer to Peer Peer to Peer (P2P) file sharing LimeWire is good one KaZaA is faster and more advanced Kazaa Lite is preferred by many Morpheus is modified KaZaA for Music City Network really messed up these days Each person has a node that advertises his or her files Supernodes compile lists of what nodes have Collapse of the Information Economy Huge economic growth in late 1990s was due to prospecting on up-and-coming Internet companies Most were never profitable Amazon.com just posted its first Annual Profit (2003) since going public in 1997! Major Internet Backbone Providers (Worldcom, Global Crossing) are struggling What is WWW? Via Internet, computers can contact each other Public files on computers can be read by remote user usually HyperText Markup Language (.html) HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol URL - Universal Resource Locator - is name of file on a remote computer http://www.msu.edu/~urquhar5/tour/active.html How to make a web page Define the two basic steps required in making a web page.
Two Basic Steps Create an HTML File Upload file to server Saving to P: drive eliminates this step.html Web documents are text files with.html extension These text files have HTML tags in them HTML Tags Each opening HTML tag has a closing HTML tag that matches it. <P> for begin paragraph is followed by </P> for end paragraph <P> goes at beginning of paragraph </P> goes at end of paragraph Example of Tags <P>Here is the paragraph about something</p><p>here is the second paragraph</p> What it will look like: Here is the paragraph about something. Here is the second paragraph. Essential HTML Tags <HTML> begins HTML document <BODY> begins body of document <H1>Here s a header in big type</h1> <P>Here s a paragraph</p> </BODY> ends body </HTML> ends HTML document Browser Output of Page If you opened that page in Netscape Navigator, it would look like this: http://www.msu.edu/course/lbs/126/lectures/viewsource.html Here s a header in big type Here s a paragraph
View Page Source Using View Page Source allows you to see the HTML behind a page When we get into advanced HTML pages, this can be really important for learning how someone did something http://puffin.bird.audubon.org/ File Transfer Protocol FTP Program (also called FTP client) used to transfer files from your computer to your public web directory housed on the MSU computers WS_FTP LE is a good, free FTP program In MSU Labs, can directly save stuff in your AFS space, on the P: drive, in the web directory Your personal web space Http://www.msu.edu/~pilotname/index.html Three steps: Make your pilot web space public (in advanced features) Create a file named index.html Use FTP to transfer a file named index.html into your web directory Netscape Composer Netscape Composer allows WYSIWYG (what-you-see-is-what-you-get) editing of web pages Controls similar to Microsoft word font formatting, colors, etc. Macromedia Dreamweaver Excellent Site Building Tool Allows organization of files, ftp, and WYSIWYG editing all-in-one Microsoft Front Page All-in-One program like Dreamweaver Uses proprietary tags that can t be read by some browsers (Netscape) Uses non-standard HTML, style sheets, etc