Smart test and certification of wireless IoT devices Joerg Koepp IoT Market Segment Manager COMPANY REST RICT ED
Connecting Billions of Devices to the Internet of Things (IoT) short range WWAN other Wireless PAN/LAN Bluetooth, Zigbee, Thread, WiFi Billion Things Wireless WAN (2G/3G/4G) GSM, CDMA, UMTS, LTE OTHER technologies Satellite, DSL, Fiber, PLC Low Power WAN Sigfox, LoRa, Weightless, NB-IoT 2
Bluetooth Classic and Bluetooth Smart serving the wearable market Bluetooth Classic (BR+EDR) Bluetooth Smart (BLE) 2.4 GHz ISM band 1 Msymbol/s using GFSK modulation EDR: Data modultation π/4-dqpsk / 8DPSK 79 Channels on 1 MHz spacing Frequency Hopping (1600 hops/s) Voice support FEC 2.4 GHz ISM band 1 Msymbol/s using GFSK modulation 40 Channels on 2 MHz spacing 3 advertising channel Frequency Hopping (37 channel) CRC voice text 2 400 2 420 2 440 2 460 2 480 MHz 3
Bluetooth SIG focuses 2016 on enhancements for the Internet of Things (IoT) Mesh building meshed network using relay nodes Speed 100% improvement for low latency applications Gateway Connecting devices directly to the cloud Range 4x range to cover a smart home or office Direction Extended capabilities of beacons for positioning 4
Wi-Fi adoption beyond Local Area Networks 50-60 GHz; 1.08 GHz; Beams 60 GHz; 2.16 GHz; Beams aj ad 60 GHz; 8.64 GHz; Beams ay Room/Desk Area Network 1.6 GHz; 160MHz; OFDMA, MU-MIMO 5 GHz; 80MHz; SU-MIMO 5 GHz; 160MHz; MU-MIMO ac 1 ac 2 5.9 GHz; 10MHz TVWS; 6,7,8 MHz p af <1GHz; 1,2, (4,8,16) MHz ah ax Local Area Networks M2M& IoT BAN/PAN/RAN Vehicle Networks 5
802.15.4 for smart home, smart buildings and more ZigBee - Protocol Protocol (e.g. CoAP) ISA Protocol HART: Protocol ZigBee - Transport UDP/TCP UDP HART: TCP like ZigBee - Networking 802.15.4 MAC IEEE 802.15.4 2.4 GHz O-PQSK 6LoWPAN, DTLS, Distance Vector Routing 802.15.4 MAC IEEE 802.15.4 2.4 GHz O-PQSK 6LoWPAN Upper data link ISA100 802.15.4 MAC IEEE 802.15.4 2.4 GHz O-PQSK HART Addressing/Routing HART TDMA - hoping IEEE 802.15.4 2.4 GHz O-PQSK 6
Sigfox Communication Principle (Europe) - 99% Uplink Traffic Uplink (Sensor Cloud) Rate: 100 bps (600 bps in the USA) Modulation: (D)BPSK Power: < 25mW 192 khz Downlink (Cloud Sensor) Rate: 600 bps Modulation: 2GFSK Power: < 500 mw 100Hz Duty Cycle 1% 36s transmission time per hour 12 Byte Payload + 13 Byte Control per message Each message send on 3 different channels (pseudo random hopping) 3 x 25 Byte x 8 Bit / 100 bps 6 s air time per message max 6 Messages per hour! Object (Sensor) Tx Power: < 25 mw (14 dbm) 868.130 MHz ~2sec ~2sec ~2sec Rx Sensitivity: - 142 dbm Base Station Backend Server 7
LoRaWAN Network architecture Pet Tracker Smart Meter LoRa Gateway LoRa uses a proprietary form of spread spectrum modulation based on a form of chirp modulation: Trash Cane Plant Sensor LoRa Gateway LoRa Network Server App App App App Suitcase Smoke Detector LoRa Gateway App LoRa RF LoRaWAN TCP/IP SSL LoRaWAN TCP/IP SSL Secure Payload 8
3GPP IoT standardization on the way to 5G Rel. 8 Rel. 9 Rel.10 Rel.11 Rel. 12 Rel. 13 LTE Cat-1 20 MHz/duplex LTE-MTC NIMTC SIMTC LC-LTE/MTCe CAT-0, PSM 20 MHz/half-duplex emtc Cat-M1, edrx, CE 1.4 MHz/half-duplex LP-WAN NB-cIoT NB-LTE + NB-IoT Cat-M2, edrx 200 khz mmtc GSM-MTC NIMTC SIMTC EC-GSM-IoT incl. edrx 9
Testing in all phases of life cycle of IoT devices and networks Research & Development Design & Validation Pre-Compliance & Compliance Manufacturing Deployment & Operation Service & Repair I Digital and analog interface debug I Clock Analysis I EMI debug I Power Analysis I RF Parametrics I Co-existence I Functionality I Performance I Power analysis I Standard compliance I Regulator compliance I Carrier Acceptance I Calibration I Verification I Go / NoGo I Installation I Monitoring I Optimization I Fault Finding I Calibration I Verification COMPANY REST RICT ED 10
2.4 GHz ISM band Home Environment (Home Gateway) OFDM (robustness) Fixed channel Carrier sense multiple access collision avoidance (CSMA-CA) Bluetooth Smart 802.11g/n 802.15.4 Zigbee, Thread,.. Adaptive Frequency Hopping (37 channel) 3 advertising channel CRC error detection Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Fixed channel Carrier sense multiple access collision avoidance LTE Band 7 FDD (UL) LTE Band 40 TDD LTE Band 41 TDD 2 360 2 380 2 400 2 420 2 440 2 460 2 480 2 500 2 520 2 540 MHz 11
Packet Error Rate In-Device Interference measurements with R&S CMW500 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 802.11n Ch.13 + LTE Band 7 802.11n Ch.13 no LTE 50% 40% 30% Ch.12 Ch.11 Ch.10 20% 10% 0% -80-70 -72 desensitization -74-76 -78 WiFi TX power -80-82 -84 dbm LTE 802.11n 12
active active Battery Lifetime Factor active TAU Tx active Relative Energy Consumption Two possible methods to save power: Select the best one and define the optimal parameter! Principle: Power Saving Mode Batter Lifetime improvement by use of edrx (source Ericsson) 25 100% DRX (<2.56s) 20 Relative Battery Lifetime 80% PSM mode (minutes, hours, days) 15 60% Principle: extended Discontinuous Reception 10 40% 5 Relative Energy Consumption 20% I-eDRX 1 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 DRX Cycle Length [s] 0% 13
End-to-end IoT Application Testing: Detailed view on all relevant aspects under reproducible network conditions IoT Device IoT Application IoT Server IoT Application Comm. Module Mobile Network IP Network Service Platform Event initiated comm. Server initiated comm. Periodic communication Extended Access Barring Power Saving Mode Extended DRX cycle Throughput Delay, Jitter Loss Responsiveness Acknowledgement Protocol impact 14
R&S CMWrun current drain monitoring current drain (ma) Signaling event marker R&S CMWrun highlights 15
R&S CMWrun IP Traffic Analysis LTE Attach Signaling event marker IP traffic uplink/downling (Mbps) Open TCP connection to destination IP event marker Close TCP connection 16
Your Partner in testing the Internet of Things 17