Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) Presented By: Dr. Hafiz Yasar Lateef Director, Telxperts Pty Ltd.

Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) Presented By: Dr. Hafiz Yasar Lateef Director, Telxperts Pty Ltd.

Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) q Low-Power WAN Technologies are designed for machine-to-machine (M2M) networking environments. q With decreased power requirements, longer range and lower cost than a mobile network, LPWANs are thought to enable a much wider range of M2M and Internet of Things (IoT) applications, which have been constrained by budgets and power issues.

Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN)

LoRa & LoRaWAN

LoRa & LoRaWAN q LoRa is the physical layer or the wireless modulation utilized to create the Long Range communication link. q Many wireless systems use Frequency Shifting Keying (FSK) Modulation as the physical layer because it is a very efficient modulation for achieving low power. q LoRa is based on Chirp Spread Spectrum Modulation, which maintains the same low power characteristics as FSK modulation but significantly increases the communication range.

LoRa & LoRaWAN

LoRa & LoRaWAN

LoRa & LoRaWAN

LoRa & LoRaWAN LPWAN Network Topology The wireless portion of LPWAN networks uses a star topology. The traffic is backhauled to servers (cloud) through TCP/IP based networks (Internet). The base station is responsible for protocol translation from IoT protocols such as MQTT or CoAP to device application protocols.

LPWAN Network Topology LoRa & LoRaWAN Indirect device connec8vity In setups where devices cannot be directly reached through LPWAN, a local gateway bridges LPWAN connectivity to some short range radio (SRD) Technology (e.g. ZigBee, BLE). The gateway typically runs on mains power since it serves a larger number of devices and must convert between LPWAN and SRD radio technologies and protocols. Gateways may help to improve security.

LoRa & LoRaWAN How it Works? In a LoRaWAN Network nodes are associated with multiple gateways. Each gateway will forward the received packet from the end-node to the cloud-based network server via some backhaul (either cellular, Ethernet, satellite, or Wi-Fi). If a node is mobile or moving there is no handover needed from gateway to gateway, which is a critical feature to enable asset tracking applications a major target application vertical for IoT.

LoRa & LoRaWAN Ba>ery Life8me The nodes in a LoRaWAN network are Asynchronous and communicate when they have data ready to send whether event-driven or scheduled. This type of protocol is typically referred to as the Aloha Method. In a mesh network or with a Synchronous Network, such as cellular, the nodes frequently have to Wake Up to synchronize with the network and check for messages. This synchronization consumes significant energy and is the number one driver of battery lifetime reduction.

LoRa & LoRaWAN Network Capacity High network capacity in a LoRaWAN network is achieved by utilizing adaptive data rate and by using a multichannel multi-modem transceiver in the gateway. The critical factors effecting capacity are Number of Concurrent Channels Data rate (time on air) Payload length How often nodes transmit.

LoRa & LoRaWAN Network Capacity q Adaptive data rate also optimizes the battery lifetime of a node. q A network can be deployed with a minimal amount of infrastructure, and as capacity is needed, more gateways can be added, shifting up the data rates, reducing the amount of overhearing to other gateways, and scaling the capacity by 6-8x.

Device Classes Not All Nodes Are LoRa & LoRaWAN Created Equal In order to optimize a variety of end application profiles, LoRaWAN utilizes different device classes. The device classes trade off network downlink communication latency versus battery lifetime. In a control or actuator-type application, the downlink communication latency is an important factor.

Device Classes Not All Nodes Are LoRa & LoRaWAN Created Equal

LoRa & LoRaWAN Security LoRaWAN utilizes two layers of security: Network Application. The Network Security ensures authenticity of the node in the network while the application layer of security ensures the network operator does not have access to the end user s application data. AES encryption is used with the key exchange utilizing an IEEE EUI64 identifier.

LoRa & LoRaWAN Link budget for LPWAN devices LoRa link budget calculates the power received at the receiver and accounts for gains and losses along the transmission path.

Receiver Sensi8vity for LPWAN LoRa & LoRaWAN devices The required receiver sensitivity for a LPWAN device is derived from the calculated link budget. The wireless link can be closed (communication between sender and receiver is possible) if the receiver sensitivity SRX equals or is lower than (numerically in db) the received power PRX: SRX <= PR

Receiver Sensi8vity for LPWAN LoRa & LoRaWAN devices Due to the long transmission paths that are typical for LPWAN systems, free space loss (path loss) is the dominant factor that greatly reduces the received power at the receiver. Therefore it is essential that LPWAN receivers, particularly device nodes, have a very good receiver sensitivity (<= -140dBm), i.e. are able to receive signals levels that are 7 orders of magnitude or more smaller than the transmission level at the sender.

LoRa & LoRaWAN

LoRa & LoRaWAN

LoRa & LoRaWAN

LoRa & LoRaWAN

LoRa & LoRaWAN

LoRa & LoRaWAN

LoRa & LoRaWAN

LoRa & LoRaWAN

FIXED, MEDIUM- TO HIGH- DENSITY LoRa & LoRaWAN CONNECTIONS In cities or buildings, LPWAN technologies are a great alternative to cellular M2M connections. E x a m p l e s i n c l u d e connected cars, distribution automation (smart grid), and campus or city-wide asset tracking.

LONG LIFE, BATTERYPOWERED LoRa & LoRaWAN APPLICATIONS LoRa applications include wide-area water metering, gas detectors, smart agriculture, and access control points.

LoRa & LoRaWAN

SigFox Sigfox Sigfox sets up antennas on towers (like a cell phone company) and receives data transmissions from devices like parking sensors or water meters. These transmissions occur in the 868 or 915 MHz bands. Sigfox s wireless systems send very small amounts of data (12 bytes) very slowly using BPSK. Things like basic alarm systems, location monitoring, and simple metering are all examples of one-way systems that might make sense for this network.

COMPARING A Comparison LPWAN of TECHNOLOGY LPWAN Technologies OPTIONS

TELXPERTS Pty Ltd. Australia WOULD YOU LIKE TO ADD EXTRA FUNCTIONALITY? LET S DISCUSS! Contact informa8on: Loca8on: Australia Phone: +61 (0) 451 785 263 E- mail: info@telxperts.com Website: www.telxperts.com