Deploying NBASE-TTM 2.5G/5GBASE-T Technologies George A. Zimmerman, Ph.D., CME Consulting Board of Directors, NBASE-T Alliance Peter Jones, Cisco Systems Chairman, NBASE-T Alliance Masood Shariff, CommScope Participant, NBASE-T Alliance Dan Payerle, IDEAL Networks Participant, NBASE-T Alliance
2016 Ethernet Alliance BASE-T Roadmap Cat 6a Cat 6 Cat 5e
The Applications Spaces of BASE-T Data Rate www.ethernetalliance.org 3
NBASE-T and 802.3bz Technology Based on 10GBASE-T PAM-16 with the same LDPC code for good performance Minor modifications give better impulse noise performance Upper frequency of ½ (5G) and ¼ (2.5G) that of 10GBASE-T Proven 10GBASE-T startup sequence for good interoperability NBASE-T and 802.3bz expected to be interoperable with each other Auto Negotiation enables multi-mode PHY operation 802.3bz PHY signaling is identical to NBASE-T Supports PoE!
2.5G on Cat 5e: 10GBASE-T technology makes it feasible Assume: 2.5Gbps rates use <= 100Mbps of bandwidth Cat 5e specifies that frequency span -> Transmission at 2.5Gbps requires 6.25bits/sec/Hz Assume: Link supports 1000BASE-T operation 1000BASE-T requires 4 bits/sec/hz -> Difference is 2.25bits/sec/Hz = 6.75 db Signaling at 200 MBaud instead of 125 MBaud loses at most 2 db System parameters for 1000BASE-T: Coding gain of 1000BASE-T was 6dB (asymptotic, actual gain is ~4.75 db) 1000BASE-T design points 10.5 db design margin w/o FEXT (or with FEXT cancellation) See grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/3/tutorial/march98/mick_170398.pdf (6.5 bit-equivalent ADC) Drops to 8.2 db with Clause 40A ANEXT limit levels Need to recover up to 8.75 db relative to 1000BASE-T design point ALMOST within the target margin for implementation losses.
What s a Use Case? Designers of NBASE-T recognized many links would support rates above 1Gbps Wireless Access Points were installed in links that were fanned out, allowing less than worstcase alien crosstalk Alien crosstalk impacts the speed you can get above 1Gbps Cat 5e and Cat 6 are not specified for alien crosstalk
IEEE 802.3bz or NBASE-T? Expect to be interoperable with each other, so how do they differ? NBASE-T adds downshift to 802.3bz Normal Auto Negotiation selects the fastest rate both PHYs support, irrespective of the cabling, noise or environment But, in 2.5G/5GBASE-T, the speed you get varies with the cabling configuration and other links crosstalking So... downshift automatically shifts the rate based on the channel noise Similar to Wi-Fi rate adaptation Users always get a reliable link
NBASE-T & IEEE - Timeline of Success Source: NBASE-T Alliance PSOCSR 2001 8
What you will hear: Peter Jones will discuss a systems vendors perspective Why you want to use it, what to look for Masood Shariff will discuss the cabling perspective TIA developments, more on use cases and Cat 5e vs Cat 6 vs Cat 6a performance Dan Payerle will discuss testing issues for 2.5G/5GBASE-T performance
NBASE-T 2.5GBASE-T/5GBASE-T Where and Why Peter Jones Principal Engineer Cisco Systems Chairman NBASE-T Alliance
802.3 Ethernet and 802.11 WLAN Deployments Today 1000BASE-T Power over Ethernet Access Switch Mostly 1000BASE-T ports PoE PSE (15/30/60W, 4PPoE) Cabling Cat 5e/6/6A up to 100M New installs using Cat 6A for 10+yr life Access Point Connects 802.11 to 802.3 PoE PD (Powered Device) Footprint sensitive (e.g. power, heat, etc.) 11acWave 2 drives backhaul traffic > 1 Gb/s. No easy way to get above 1Gb/s. 11
1800 Why 2.5G and 5G BASE-T? Between 2003 to 2014 ~70 billion meters of Cat 5e and Cat 6 cabling were sold. ~90% of installed base Enormous network infrastructure investment 1600 1400 1200 2014 Cat 5e Outlets Cat 6 Outlets Cat 6a Outlets Cat 7 Outlets Total 539 M 743 M 111 M 10 M 1.4 B 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2003 Existing specifications support 1Gb/s over this cable, but faster data rates are possible BASE-T allows incremental upgrade Lets get more value from this investment! What can we enable? Cat 5e outlets 2007 Cat 6 outlets 2011 Cat 6a outlets 2015 Cat 7 outlets Installed Base: Outlets by Cable Type Source: BSRIA December 14 10 meters of cabling for every man, woman, and child on Earth
SM NBASE-T Alliance - Overview NBASE-T Alliance (www.nbaset.org/) Vendor alliance for 2.5G/5G BASE-T with 45+ participant companies. Who is in the Alliance? Components, silicon, systems, cabling, test, etc. Alliance role? Enable widespread deployment, evolve specifications, facilitate interoperability. Alliance Strength - Full Ecosystem
Potential Applications ENTERPRISE INDUSTRIAL Indoor/Outdoor Access Points Industrial/Outdoor Access Points Workstations, Desktops, Notebooks Workstations Enterprise NAS Machine Vision Cameras Professional Audio Video Systems and Video Content Editing Compact Switches Medical Imaging Systems HOME SERVICE PROVIDERS Access Points & Routers DOCSIS Home Gateways Desktops, Notebooks PON ONT Gateways NAS Small Cells Gaming Computers Small Cells
NBASE-T Alliance at Interop 2016 Las Vegas
802.11ac and 2.5G/5G BASE-T forecasts Enterprise 802.11ac AP Transition Source: Dell Oro Group Wireless LAN 5-year Forecast Jan 2016 There is a rapid transition from 11n to 11ac Wave 2 starts ramping in 2016 100M/1000M to 2.5G/5G transition APs Source: Dell Oro Group Ethernet Switch 5-year Forecast Jan 2016 Wave 1 Wave 2 Ports 5.0 Gbps 2.5 Gbps 1000 Mbps 100 Mbps 2013 2020 2.5G / 5G BASE-T Ethernet is expected to be rapidly adopted 2014 2020 PSOCSR 2001 16
Structured cabling considerations for supporting NBASE-T and IEEE Std. 802.3bz for 2.5G/5GBASET Masood Shariff -
Outline What are the cabling committee guidelines for Category 5e and Category 6 to support 2.5G/5GBASET? Are Category 5e and Category 6 specifications changing? What additional qualifications are needed to characterize Category 5e and Category 6 to support 2.5G/5GBASET? Are test procedures available to evaluate the installed base? What are the chances that existing Category 5e and Category 6 may support 2.5G/5GBASET? Are there means for mitigating or improving the installed base of Category 5e and Category 6 cabling? What is the recommendation for new installations?
Cabling Guidelines TIA TSB-5021 Guidelines for the Assessment and Mitigation of Installed Cabling to Support 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T (draft 1.1 July 2016) ISO/IEC TR 11801-9904 Information Technology - Implementation and Operation of Customer Premises Cabling Part 9904: Guidelines for the use of installed cabling to support 2,5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T applications (PDTR, March 2016)
Are Category 5e and Category 6 specifications changing? There are no plans to change or revise any of the Cabling standards for Category 5e and Category 6 specifications However, existing Category 5e and 6 links/channels are being evaluated for extended frequencies and additional specifications needed to support 2.5G/5GBASE-T If the evaluation passes, there is a good chance that 2.5G/5GBASE-T applications will work on these installed links/channels If the evaluation fails, the links/channels are still Category 5e or Category 6 and can continue to be used for other applications
Qualifications needed to support 2.5G/5GBASE-T Category 6 Ø No changes to internal parameters already specified up to 250 MHz Ø Characterize alien cross-talk noise coupling up to 200 MHz Category 5e Ø Internal parameters extrapolated to 250 MHz Ø Link and channel NEXT and PSNEXT relaxed above 100 MHz from 20 db slope to 40 db slope Ø Characterize alien cross-talk noise coupling up to 200 MHz
Qualification Test procedures Lab and field test procedures are already available to qualify internal parameters ( IL, RL, NEXT, FEXT, Delay, Delay Skew) for Category 5e and 6. Inspection together with comparison of use cases against similar use cases already measured in the laboratory for alien cross-talk can be used for a first estimate to qualify existing Category 5e and 6 cabling New alien cross-talk qualification using ALSNR procedure is available in the Lab and existing field certifiers can be upgraded to perform ALSNR testing
Alien limited SNR risk matrix (source TIA TSB-5021)
Viability of 5G over Category 5E cabling V = verification recommended. E = Estimated to support. N/A = This configuration is not applicable.
Viability of 5G over Category 6 Cabling V = verification recommended. E = Estimated to support. N/A = This configuration is not applicable.
Mitigation to improve performance Separate the equipment cords Enable NBASE-T downshift Use Non-adjacent positions on patch panels for 5GBASE-T Unbundle the horizontal cables Reconfigure the cross-connect as an interconnect Replace equipment and patch cords with category 6A components Replace connectors with category 6A connectors Replace the horizontal cable with category 6A horizontal cable
Recommendation for new installations For new installations intended to support WAPs and other applications supporting 2.5 Gb/s or faster, it is strongly recommended to use category 6A cabling which supports all data rates up to 10 Gb/s No additional field testing is needed for Category 6A If Category 5e or Category 6 is used, qualification testing is defined in TIA TSB-5021 and general performance requirements in ANSI/TIA-568-C.2
NBASE-T 2.5GBASE-T/5GBASE-T Field Testing Recommendations Dan Payerle Business unit manager IDEAL Networks Member NBASE-T Alliance
DOES A CABLING PLANT NEED TO BE RE-TESTED TO SUCCESSFULLY DEPLOY NBASE-T?
Not necessarily With proper inspection and mitigation techniques, NBASE- T can be successfully deployed in most existing cabling plants that have been certified to pass TIA-568-C.2 performance requirements. There are performance parameters that are new to installers and network engineers which must be discussed.
Compatibility of installed cabling Internal transmission parameters 2.5GBASE-T Measurement frequency range 1-100 MHz Installed category 5e cabling Meets requirements by design Installed category 6 cabling Meets requirements by design 5GBASE-T 1-250 MHz Frequency range exceeds design specification. In case of performance issues, implement mitigation techniques recommended by TIA TSB-5021 Meets requirements by design
Factors affecting NBASE-T operation Power Spectral Density (PSD) Describes the amount energy across a frequency range. Power Back-off (PBO) Method of reducing transmit power on shorter channels to reduce alien crosstalk improving the ALSNR of bundled cables. Alien Limited Signal to Noise Ratio (ALSNR) Ratio of intended signal vs signal coupled by neighboring cables.
1GBASE-T & 10 GBASE-T Existing Applications Harmonics Source: Berk-Tek
2.5GBASE-T & 5GBASE-T Harmonics Harmonics Source: Berk-Tek
1/2.5/5/10GBASE-T Harmonics from lower speed applications have the potential to effect higher speed applications PBO reduces the effect of alien crosstalk Source: Berk-Tek
Power Back-off (PBO) Reduces transmit power when able to reduce alien crosstalk. Transmit power depends on Insertion Loss/length of a channel. 1000BASE-T (1G) has no PBO (always high power). MHz Source: Aquantia
PBO reduces alien crosstalk By reducing transmission power, NBASE-T is able to operate at frequencies above the design range of category 5e and 6 cable Combined with proper mitigation techniques we expect a vast majority of cabling plants will support 2.5/5GBASE-T. MHz Source: Aquantia
Bundled cables/cords Total distance Bundled distance Bundled cords
Unbundled cables/cords Unbundled horizontal cables Unbundled cords
Additional testing for NBASE-T When necessary, procedures are in place to test category 5e/6 cabling for NBASE-T application support. Be suspect of category 5e channels that are bundled together for more than 20m/65ft. Longer channels will operate at higher power (less PBO) and may have low ALSNR. 1. Perform standard certification testing of the cabling appropriate for it's category rating 2. Perform Insertion Loss testing of all channels to 200 MHZ, even for category 5e cabling Field tester calculates PBO of the disturbed channel for a particular application (2.5G or 5G) Field tester calculates the PBO for each disturbing channel depending on the intended application/data rate 3. Perform ANEXT and AFEXT measurements on the disturbing channels 4. Field tester calculates the ALSNR. Test passes if ALSNR is greater than 28dB
Recap Mitigation techniques will help achieve maximum performance of NBASE-T on category 5e/6 cabling even when the specified performance of the cabling is exceeded Alien crosstalk is the primary concern for NBASE-T applications and is reduced by transceivers using PBO Additional testing is not required for NBASE-T deployment. Should inspection of the cabling plant identify questionable channels, TIA TSB-5021 describes methods to qualify channels in the field Downshift allows the system to adapt to the cabling plant and provide the highest possible data rate
Wrap-up and Q&A George A. Zimmerman, Ph.D., CME Consulting
Wrap-up NBASE-T provides 2.5Gbps and 5Gbps over installed cabling Interoperable with IEEE 802.3bz (2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T) NBASE-T downshift adapts to cabling to achieve the best performance Interoperable NBASE-T products are providing Wave 2 802.11ac wireless and other needs at > 1Gbps wired access Cabling standards and guidelines are in their final stages to support NBASE-T and 802.3bz rollouts Field test procedures to maximize performance are available
PANEL Q&A
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