Introduction to Solid Modeling Parametric Modeling 1
Why draw 3D Models? 3D models are easier to interpret. 3D models can be used to perform engineering analysis, finite element analysis (stress, deflection, thermal..) and motion analysis 3D models can be used directly in manufacturing, Computer Numerical Control (CNC). Less expensive than building a physical model. 3D models can be altered easily, create more concepts Can be used for presentations and marketing. 2
Basics of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) What is FEA? A complex problem is divided into a smaller and simpler problems that can be solved by using the existing knowledge of mechanics of materials and mathematical tools Why FEA? Modern mechanical design involves complicated shapes, sometimes made of different materials that as a whole cannot be solved by existing mathematical tools. Engineers need the FEA to evaluate their designs Ken Youssefi Introduction Mechanical to Engineering, Dept E10. 3 3
Basics of Finite Element Analysis The process of dividing the model into small pieces is called meshing. The behavior of each element is well-known under all possible support and load scenarios. The finite element method uses elements with different shapes. Elements share common points called nodes. mesh analysis results Ken Youssefi Introduction Mechanical to Engineering, Dept E10. 4 4
5
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) A CNC machine is an NC machine with the added feature of an on-board computer. 1 A solid model of the part is created. 2 The program path is generated by computer 6
CNC Machines Machining Centers, equipped with automatic tool changers, are capable of changing 90 or more tools. Can perform milling, drilling, tapping, boring on many faces. 7
Creating Solid Models Parametric Modeling Concept Parametric is a term used to describe a dimension s ability to change the shape of model geometry if the dimension value is modified. Feature-based is a term used to describe the various components of a model. A part can consist of various types of features such as holes, grooves, fillets, and chamfers. Parametric models are featured-based, parametric, solid modeling design program: SolidWorks, Pro-Engineer, Unigraphics (CSG and parametric), Autodesk Inventor,.. 8
Design Intent In parametric modeling, dimensions control the model. Design intent is how your model will react when dimension values are changed. 9
Design Intent The drawing shows the intent of the designer that the inclined plane (chamfer) should have a flat area measuring 2.5 inches and that it should start at a point 1.25 inches from the base of the drawing. These parameters are what the designer deemed significant for this model. 2.50 4.00 2.50 1.25 Remember that the placement of dimensions is very important because they are being used to drive the shape of the geometry. If the 2.5 in. vertical dimension increases, the 2.5 in. flat across the chamfer will be maintained, but its angle will change. 10
Design Intent In this drawing, what is important to the designer is the vertical location and horizontal dimension of the chamfer, rather than the flat of the chamfer. 2.50 4.00 2.125 1.25 1.75 In the last drawing, the designer calls for a specific angle for the chamfer. In this case the angle of the chamfer should be dimensioned. 2.50 4.00 30.0 O 11
Design Intent 12
Parametric Modeling The true power of parametric modeling shines through when design changes need to be made. The design modification is made by simply changing a dimension. Pattern: 8 Holes 30 10 60 15 Since the counterbore is associated with the top surface of the ring, any changes in the thickness of the ring would automatically be reflected on the counterbore depth. 13
Sketching and Features When discussing the mind-set needed for working with parametric modelers, two topics need to be expanded: Sketching and Features Sketching Take the word sketch literally. A sketch should be just that, a sketch. When sketching it is not necessary to create geometry with accuracy. Lines, arcs, and additional geometry need not be created with exact dimensions in mind. When the dimensions are added, the sketch will change size and shape. This is the essence of Parametric Modeling. In short, the sketch need only be the approximate size and shape of the part being designed. When dimensions are added, they will drive the size and the shape of the geometry. 14
Features Sketched Feature Sketching and Features Create a 2D sketch. Create a feature from the sketch by extruding, revolving, sweeping, lofting and blending. 2.75 1.0 2.5.75.25 Revolved feature Extruded feature 15
Creating Solids - Sweep A Sweep feature requires a profile and a path. The profile will follow the path to create the solid. Profile (section) Path (guide) Sweep feature 16
Creating Solids Loft (different profiles) Round profile Round profile Square profile Sections (profiles) do not have to be sketched on parallel planes All sections must be either closed or open 17
Creating Features from Sketches Loft in SolidWorks 18
Applied Feature Applied feature does not require a sketch. It is applied directly to the model. Fillets and chamfers are very common applied features. Chamfer Fillet 19
Shell hollowing out a solid Applied Features 20
Applied Features - Patterns Linear (rectangular) pattern 21
Applied Features - Patterns Linear (rectangular) pattern 1. Select direction 1 and 2 2. Select spacing in dir. 1 and 2 3. Select # of features in dir. 1 and 2 4. Select feature to pattern 22
Applied Features - Patterns Circular (polar) pattern 1. Select axis of rotation 3. Select # of features 2. Select spacing between features 4. Select feature to pattern 23