Promoting broadband connectivity in Myanmar Rohan Samarajiva, Ph.D. AP-IS Steering Committee, Dhaka, 1-2 November 2017 This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre, Canada and the Department for International Development UK. Also supported by New Venture Fund.
Helping policy makers, media and stakeholders understand the ICT transformation DEMAND-SIDE STUDIES: QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE STUDIES, 2014-16 2
Representative of 97% of households and 96.3% of population aged 15-65 At 3% margin of error, representative of 96.3% population aged 15-65 97% of total households 91.8% of total population In all accessible areas of Myanmar; representative of 298 of 330 townships 32 townships excluded due to security concerns Survey locations 3 Source: Survey Solutions
78% of mobile owners own smartphones. In 2015 it was 66% Mobile handset type (% of mobile owners) Smartph one and keypad phone, 2 Keypad phone only, 22 2016 Smartph one only, 76 48% of 15-65 populatio n owns a smartpho ne Q: How many number of functioning smartphones ( touch phones )/ keypad handsets do you own Source: LIRNEasia 2016 nationally representative survey. Base: Mobile phone owners
49% of handset owners use data services; many in rural areas also use mobile data services 100 Use of data services on mobile (% of mobile handset owners) 80 60 40 20 57 44 Do not use mobile data Use mobile data 0 Urban Rural Note: Refers to those who said they use various data services daily/weekly/occasionally Q: Please tell me how often you use your mobile phone for any of the following purposes? Source: LIRNEasia 2016 nationally representative survey. Base: Mobile
Though network calls & text messages still dominate, there is high data use by mobile owners Uses of mobile phone (% of mobile handset owners) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Network calls For missed calls Text messages Chat/instant messaging Access Facebook Internet calls (e.g. calls using Viber, Skype, Share/ send pictures Play games offline Search for information Download pictures, music and video content Listen to music and watch video online Download applications Receive updates (e.g.,breaking news Play games online or downloading games Email Access online government services Wikipedia Mobile money or banking services 15% 15% 11% 10% 9% 6% 4% 2% 2% 25% 23% 29% 29% 36% 35% 48% 62% 72% Note: Refers to those who answered daily/weekly/occasionally Q: Please tell me how often you use your mobile phone for any of the following purposes? Source: LIRNEasia 2016 nationally representative survey. Base: Mobile handset owners
ASSESSING BROADBAND QUALITY OF SERVICE EXPERIENCE 7
A crowd-sourced approach: #BetterInternet campaign run by MIDO via social media 9000+ results covering all states/divisions of Myanmar Incentives Contributing to better Internet in Myanmar Being able to test network speeds whenever they want (not limited to duration of campaign) Lucky draws
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Download speeds; technology matters 30 3G (HSPA, HSPA+) 25 4G (LTE) 20 15 10 5 0 Average Download Speed (Mbps) Midnight 1 a.m. 2 a.m. 3 a.m. 4 a.m. 5 a.m. 6 a.m. 7 a.m. 8 a.m. 9 a.m. 10 a.m. 11 a.m. 12 noon 1 p.m. 2 p.m. 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p.m. 6 p.m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p.m. 10 p.m. 11 p.m. Midnight 1 a.m. 2 a.m. 3 a.m. 4 a.m. 5 a.m. 6 a.m. 7 a.m. 8 a.m. 9 a.m. 10 a.m. 11 a.m. 12 noon 1 p.m. 2 p.m. 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p.m. 6 p.m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p.m. 10 p.m. 11 p.m. Ooredoo Telenor MPT
Why does latency matter? Problematic across locations & operators +++ Highly relevant; ++ Very relevant; + Relevant; - Irrelevant (Source: Gonsalves, T.A & Bharadwaj, A., 2009) 300 ms 7100 ms All test locations / all technologies (including EDGE)
Markedly better over 4G but improvements needed 900 800 700 3G (HSPA, HSPA+) 900 800 700 4G (LTE) 600 600 500 400 300 500 400 300 Lower the better 200 100 0 Midnight 1 a.m. 2 a.m. 3 a.m. 4 a.m. 5 a.m. 6 a.m. 7 a.m. 8 a.m. 9 a.m. 10 a.m. 11 a.m. 12 noon 1 p.m. 2 p.m. 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p.m. 6 p.m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p.m. 10 p.m. 11 p.m. Average latency (ms) Singapore average 200 100 0 Singapore average Midnight 1 a.m. 2 a.m. 3 a.m. 4 a.m. 5 a.m. 6 a.m. 7 a.m. 8 a.m. 9 a.m. 10 a.m. 11 a.m. 12 noon 1 p.m. 2 p.m. 3 p.m. 4 p.m. 5 p.m. 6 p.m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 9 p.m. 10 p.m. 11 p.m. Ooredoo Telenor MPT
BUILDING CAPACITY ESSENTIAL TO ACHIEVE BROADBAND FOR ALL 12
LIRNEasia s contributions Regulatory module for government officials & civil society, Nay Pyi Taw, August 2013 Four-day residential course for civil society & government officials, Taungoo, October 2013 Course for Union Leguslators in Yangon, July 2014 Courses for Regional Legislature and Union Legislators, June 2016 Regulatory experience sharing with staff of PTD, September 2017 13