Development of Building Information Management System with Data Collecting Functions Based on IoT Technology

Development of Building Information Management System with Data Collecting Functions Based on IoT Technology Yuki Nakama 1, Yasunobu Onishi 2, Kazuhisa Iki 3 1,2,3 Kumamoto University, Japan 1 nakama@tech.eng.kumamoto-u.ac.jp 2,3 {onishi iki}@arch.kumamoto-u.ac.jp Facility management is aimed at energy saving, increasing the lifespan of buildings, enhancing the satisfaction of facility users and reducing running costs. To that end, it is important to grasp the conditions of the building in detail, and to analyze them one by one in order to execute building operation and maintenance strategically. However, conventional CAFM is insufficient. Therefore, we developed a system (called Building Information Management System) to utilize BIM data made on a Web site. We used groupware to support the system and an information platform that enables continuous management of a great variety of maintenance information. In addition, we developed a system to input information of building operation and maintenance using a mobile device on the site of checking and patrolling so as to reduce the burden of inputting information. A sensor network is used to acquire building operation and maintenance information to enhance building operation and maintenance. We also developed a system to automatically input sensing information into the building information for Building Information Management System, and to connect it with a 3D model. It has therefore become easier to collect the large amount of information necessary for strategic building operation and maintenance. Keywords: BIM, FM, Groupware, Web application, Sensor network, Identification information tag INTRODUCTION The purpose of building operations and maintenance is energy saving, increasing the lifespan of the building, enhancing the satisfaction of facility users and reducing the running costs of the building. This requires information of the facility to be collected and stored in one place (Saengratwatchara and Elsworth, 2008; Gondeck-Becker[1]). CAFM supports management and analysis by database construction of operations and maintenance. One type of CAFM automatically creates tables and charts using a database of operations and maintenance in accordance with the intended operations and another type of CAFM promotes the intuitive understanding BIM - Applied - Volume 1 - ecaade 33 647

of the facility manager by connecting drawings and the 3D model made by CAD with the database of operations and maintenance, and expresses maintenance visually in CAFM. However, CAFM is inadequate to support strategic maintenance. CAFM HAS PROBLEMS IN BUILDING OPER- ATIONS AND MAINTENANCE CAFM cannot support strategic operations and maintenance to the following problems: Problem 1 - Low frequency of updating information in CAFM: There are many CAFM that place a burden on operations and maintenance workers mainly by the work of inputting to CAFM. Furthermore, the work of inputting operations and maintenance information into CAFM whereby the operations and maintenance worker must return to the office after collection of information by patrolling and checking takes effort. Therefore, CAFM cannot reflect changes rapidly because the input of operations and maintenance information is delayed. It is not possible to collect many kinds of operations and maintenance information because the kinds of operations and maintenance information that can be collected by checking and patrolling are limited. Information about operations and maintenance that changes every moment cannot be continually grasped. Therefore, only the minimum operations and maintenance information can be accumulated. Problem 2 - High running cost of CAFM: CAFM is divided into "Solution service" and "Custom-made," and each is sub-divided into using BIM or not using BIM. The details of each system are shown in Table 1. CAFM of the solution service has a much lower initial cost regardless of the possibility of using BIM compared to custom-made CAFM because the solution service is a building service based on the format of the development of the vendor's CAFM. The functions that the CAFM vendor provides do not meet all the facility manager's demands for operations and maintenance (e.g., the formats of the report vary according to the company.). On the other hand, custom-made fully demonstrates the capability of the CAFM to meet all the demands of the facility manager. On the other hand, custommade fully demonstrates the capability of the CAFM to meet all the demands of the facility manager. However, the development of CAFM not using BIM requires A: construction of a database of the whole building; or B: the figure of CAD and cooperation with 3D model data; this makes it costly and time consuming for IT specialists to operate all the development processes even just to make small changes. Therefore, we aimed to reduce the work process of B, by introducing BIM. SOLUTION We developed Building Information Management System (BIMS) and tried the problem solutions A-C shown below. D and E are output support for BIMS, and automation of reporting and visualizing sensor data is described respectively. Table 1 Classification of CAFM 648 ecaade 33 - BIM - Applied - Volume 1

Solution A - Web system for groupware: In order to use CAFM for strategic building operations and maintenance it is important to enable the input of information from the perspectives of all persons concerned with the buildings including the facility manager, building owner and the construction company. Therefore we developed the CAFM Web system as "groupware". The utilization of groupware also reduces the burden on the administrator of facilities compared to when using conventional CAFM, and sharing of input maintenance information can increase the quality of operations and maintenance (Fig. 1). We developed a communication support function between the people concerned with the building and an access control function for the operations and maintenance information support work between remote areas. Solution B - Development of CAFM using BIM: Attribute information is related to the building element object of a 3D model in BIM, and it can function at the same time as the database in the building makes the 3D model (Eastman et al, 2008, pp.70). This should reduce the running costs of CAFM. Our proposed system builds a database that integrates operative information with maintenance information using BIM. 3D models can be linked to the system and it works on a Web site on which attribute information can be browsed and edited. Solution C - Labor-saving of the entry work and diversification: We developed a system that connects operations and maintenance information that is input at the site of checking and patrolling using an identification information tag and a mobile device where the inherent ID of a 3D object is connected with the 3D object and managed. We think that continuous collection of operations and maintenance information can be enabled in a system that saves the labor of input work. We developed a system that connects operations and maintenance information that has been measured and input to BIMS automatically using a sensor network with a 3D object and then managed. We think that higher quality operations and maintenance can be achieved because collection of various operations and maintenance information that was not previously collected and showing of moment-tomoment changes are now enabled. Solution D - Support in making automatic reports: We developed a function for automatically making reports in the format in which we process building information input according to the operations and maintenance depending on the purpose of the work and the format requirements of facility own- Figure 1 The way of the information about strategic building operations and maintenance. BIM - Applied - Volume 1 - ecaade 33 649

ers and facility managers. In this study, a general purpose report is made, which can be expanded to a variety of reports and formats by programming. Solution E - Visualization of sensor data: The relationship between sensor data and the 3D model is shown. For example, visually expressing the result of analysis using a sensor data by a 3D model becomes possible. We believe this will enable the situation to be grasped intuitively at once using a large quantity of sensor network. DIFFERENCE FROM CONVENTIONAL CAFM AND USE SCENARIO OF BIMS Figure 2 shows the difference between operations and maintenance using conventional CAFM and operations and maintenance using the system developed through this research. As for maintenance using conventional CAFM, efficiency of operations and maintenance work is promoted by support such as the automatic making of reports. However, one problem of the above mentioned conventional CAFM is that it cannot be used continually, and the effect corresponding to the introduction isn't obtained. On the other hand, BIMS is a system that was considered for the input of operations and maintenance information, and it is possible to collect large amounts of information and to manage the data of various operations and maintenance information. The final purpose of BIMS is strategic maintenance (e.g., energy saving, increasing the lifespan of buildings, enhancing the satisfaction of facility users, and reducing running costs) by utilizing large amounts of maintenance data. Through this research, a management and input support system for operations and maintenance information was developed. Scenarios of the developed system used by different actors are as follows. It is assumed that a maintenance administrator in a building mainly uses it for information sharing. For example, the developed system shares the operation and maintenance information on certain buildings and checks it from a distant place. It is used to share operation and maintenance information between groups in the work style where two or more maintenance administrators have been stationed for a large-scale building. Furthermore, the facility manager considers the suggestions of the maintenance administrator and gives instructions to the owner of the building based on the strategic planning of operations and maintenance using a planned analysis function to be installed in the future and designed following analysis. The user in a building also reads practical use information on a building (use status of a room, indoor environment, etc.) and uses the communication tool on which he indicates the degree of satisfaction improvement. Figure 2 Comparison between development system and conventional CAFM 650 ecaade 33 - BIM - Applied - Volume 1

Figure 3 Introduction of interface with BIMS BIM - Applied - Volume 1 - ecaade 33 651

DEVELOPMENT OF BIMS Outline and features of BIMS We show the interface between BIMS and the functions of A-D described in the previous chapter in Fig.3. To develop BIMS, we used the well-known Revit Architecture 2012 (Revit) of Autodesk Company for BIM design tool. The programming language is suitable for Web browsers: HTML, JavaScript, and PHP. The data form of the building shape for use on the Web adopts the DWF of the company, which can export from Revit, and the viewer adopts the plug-in for Internet Explorer of Design Review 2013 (Design Review). The database uses Microsoft Access and PostgreSQL to be able to perform browsing, and editing of the attribute information of the BIM on a Web browser. Data collecting funcitons based on IoT It is necessary to input a lot of operations and maintenance information into a system for strategic operations and maintenance. Therefore, reducing the burden of input work to BIMS and collecting a great variety of maintenance information is important. In this study, we suggest three data collecting functions: input using sensor network; input from the onsite using an identification information tag and a mobile terminal; and input from a desktop / laptop PC (Fig. 6). Development of a simple environment sensor device. In this study, we developed a simple environment sensor device as a case study using sensor network for operations and maintenance. A similar sys- tem includes BEMS, a study on efficient pay back technique is done because introduction cost is high (Choiniere and Corsi, 2003; Yang and Lee, 2015). In recent years, measurement devices equipped with various sensors that can send data by wireless networks have become cheap and readily available because the development environment of open source hardware such as Arduino has been maintained (Kumar, Hiremath and Rakhee, 2012; Lee et al, 2015). We developed a simple environment sensor device to control the temperature/humidity sensor: illuminance sensor and CO2 sensor by using Arduino measuring data, which is transmitted by Zigbee mesh network (Fig. 4). Development of a tablet input support system using an identification information tag. To input operations and maintenance information easily from the site of checking and patrolling, we developed a tablet device input support system using a QR code as an identification information tag in this study. The detailed mechanism is shown below. Also, the relationship with BIMS is shown in Fig. 5. 1. On the occasion of an investigation, a worker carries a tablet device in which a QR code leader has been installed. When the QR code is read using an application of the part to be investigated, the web page of the input form on which the target check item has been written is shown. 2. If input of the result of the check item is completed, the worker transmits it and conducts a similar operation for the subsequent subjects Figure 4 Introduction of Simple environment sensor device 652 ecaade 33 - BIM - Applied - Volume 1

Figure 5 Data input support function using tablet PC and QRcode for onsite checking of the survey. Any defective object is input into the attribute information of the applicable 3D object. 3. A report in Excel form is made automatically with the results of the investigation with a tablet by using the report output function of BIMS after an investigation. 4. Only when it is a necessary report is a check item input web page built. 5. The system connects the object ID of the surveyed 3D model with the URL page of the check item input as a query. (e.g., http://xxxxxx.co.jp/check item input page &id = subjects of survey object ID) 6. The URL is converted to a QR code, which is held and used for the equipment and components to be investigated. In addition, this study examined the use of the system in a building. The results are operated using a touch panel, and it became clear that investigation can be performed it in a similar feeling way to an investigation using a conventional spreadsheet by inputting findings. Data flow of the system Data flow of the system is shown in Fig.6. Data is output respectively, and it is used for a 3D model file (DWF) and attribute information database to handle a construction information model (BIM data) by a web. There is a sensing database and a checking and patrolling database as well as an attribute information database linked to the data server. The sensing database and attribute information database is linked to the 3D model and can read information as an expression, table, graph, or report using the 3D model. The checking and patrolling database is a database that mainly records "Normal" in the case of checking and patrolling. "Abnormal" is recorded in the attribute information database and this is related to a 3D object. It is also possible to select information from the checking and patrolling database and attribute information database by cross-referencing and make a report. CONCLUSION In this study, we developed the groupware system "Building Information Management System", which supports operations and maintenance work to solve BIM - Applied - Volume 1 - ecaade 33 653

Figure 6 Data flow of BIMS 654 ecaade 33 - BIM - Applied - Volume 1

the problems of conventional CAFM and to utilize BIM data easily on the web. In addition, we developed an input support system for operations and maintenance information. We reduced the burden of input work to BIMS onsite using an identification information tag and mobile device, and we enhanced operations and maintenance information using the sensor network and developed an input support system for operations and maintenance information. The result was the development of a system in which large amounts of data on maintenance can be accumulated in conjunction with BIM. We utilized accumulated information in the development system to predict the future of the building and aim to accomplish operations and maintenance strategically in future. Therefore, we developed an analysis algorithm to analyze the accumulated information into a development system, and to grasp the features of the building. In addition, the control of the building equipment can reflect the features of the building automatically, and the development of artificial intelligence that can indicate the state of the building to the building user is our aim. SUALIZING DATA ON THE FLOOR PLAN', Proceedings of CAADRIA 2015, Daegu, KOREA, pp. 857-858 Saengratwatchara, S and Elsworth, D.J 2008, 'Antecedents of Intention to Adopt the Web-Based Computer Aided Facility Management System', Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, Volume 36, pp. 350-357 Teicholz, P 2013a, BIM for facility managers, John Wiley & Sons, U.S Teicholz, E 2013b, Technology for facility managers, John Wiley & Sons, U.S Yang, H and Lee, H 2015 'INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF SMART HOME SERVICE USING', Proceedings of CAADRIA 2015, Daegu, KOREA, pp. 899-890 [1] http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/pr oc99/proceed/papers/pap532/p532.htm [2] http://www.archibus.com/ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was supported by the grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (C) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science: Project number 15K06364 REFERENCES Choiniere, D and Corsi, M 2003 'A BEMS-ASSISTED COM- MISSIONING TOOL TO IMPROVE THE ENERGY PER- FORMANCE OF HVAC SYSTEMS', Proceedings of the Third International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Berkeley, California Eastman, C, Teicholz, P, Sacks, R and Liston, K 2008, BIM Handbook - A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors, John Wiley & Sons, U.S Kumar, S, Hiremath, V and Rakhee, K 2012, 'Smart Sensor Network System based on ZigBee Technology to Monitor Grain Depot', International Journal of Computer Applications, 50(21), pp. 32-36 Lee, S, Lee, H, PARK, S, Sin, J, Kim, H and Lee, J 2015 'SENS- ING THE INDOOR DUST CONCENTRATION AND VI- BIM - Applied - Volume 1 - ecaade 33 655