Department of Computer Science & Information Technology University of Balochistan Course Objectives To discuss the fundamental problems in the emerging area of mobile and pervasive computing, along with their proposed solutions, with emphasis on networking and applications issues The course will be mostly self contained and will cover any required background material Lecture 00 1/38 2/38 Outline of the Course Outline of the Course Review of basic concepts Infrastructure of pervasive computing Characteristics of pervasive computing environments Vision and challenges of pervasive computing Pervasive computing applications Wireless technologies and mobile systems computing infrastructure Characteristics of mobile computing environments Challenges of mobile computing Location-based services in mobile environments Wireless sensor technologies Sensor networks Distributed coordination and aggregation Sensor network applications Peer to Peer Structured and unstructured P2P P2P file sharing P2P media streaming P2P computing systems and applications 3/38 4/38
Outline of the Course Reference/Text Books Internet of Things RFID RFID technologies and pervasive computing Data management issues and middleware Context awareness Adaptation techniques Autonomic computing, utility computing and case study... 5/38 6/38 Reference/Text Books Reference/Text Books 7/38 8/38
Course Validation Report Formation Must be submitted before the Final Term Exams Must be submitted via Turnitin 30 % Mid Term 40 % Final Term 30 % Research Report Must be written in L A T E Xusing a prescribed format available on the course site Reports having plagiarism over 10% would automatically be rejected Reports having plagiarism of 4% from a single source would be rejected too Must contain at least 05 Journal Papers or 08 Conference papers 9/38 10/38 My Research Domains Outline Long Term Evolution Wireless Sensor s Internet of Things Quality of Service and RSVP related issues Administration of heterogeneous s and mobility (GSM/GPRS/WLAN) 1 Continuity of Service in Wireless s Mobility and Location awareness in Wireless s Multiagent Systems 11/38 12/38
Communication Basics Some Common Definitions Communication Basics Some Common Definitions In general, the term network can refer to any interconnected group or system A network is any method of sharing information between two systems A network is a series of points or nodes interconnected by communication paths s can interconnect with other networks and contain sub-networks Digital networks may consist of one or more routers that route data to the correct user An analogue network may consist of one or more switches that establish a connection between two or more users... s and communication networks are used interchangeably In current information area, networks are identified as telecommunications networks and computer networks 14/38 15/38 Telecommunication s Vs Computer s Topologies Telecom A network of telecommunications whose messages may be passed from one part of the network to another over multiple links and through various nodes Computer A collection of computer systems or devices connected to each other allowing computers to communicate with each other and share resources and information Map of a network Defines how the nodes of a network are connected Three basic categories Physical topology Signal topology Logical topology The process of information exchange involves the sending of electromagnetic waves by electronic transmitters Generally involves at least two devices capable of being networked with at least one usually being a computer 16/38 Note A network can have one type of physical topology and a completely different logical topology 17/38
Physical Topologies Signal Topologies Describe the layout of the cables and workstations and the location of all network components Describes the mapping of the actual connections between the nodes of a network Point-to-point (PTP) topology Figure: Physical Topology Types 18/38 Figure: Point-to-Point Topology Types 19/38 Logical Topologies Describe the mapping of the apparent connections between the nodes of a network Are bound to network protocols and describe how data is moved across the network Are often closely associated with media access control (MAC) methods Are able to be dynamically reconfigured by special types of equipment such as routers and switches No generally accepted taxonomy into which all computer networks fit Two dimensions stand out as important Transmission Technology Scale 20/38 22/38
Generalized Classification of s Classification Based on Transmission Technology Broadly categorized into two types Broadcast networks Have a single communication channel that is shared by all the machines on the network Machines on the network receive short messages, called packets Address field within the packet specifies the intended recipient 23/38 24/38 Class. Based on Transmission Technology Broadcast networks Class. Based on Transmission Technology Point-to-Point s Point-to-Point s End devices that wish to communicate are called stations Switching devices are called nodes There may exist multiple paths between a source-destination pair for better network reliability 25/38 26/38
Classification based on Scale Personal Area (PAN) Local Area (LAN) Campus Area (CAN) Information Transmission To transfer information between a source and a destination Communication may involve Metropolitan Area (MAN) Transfer of a single block of information Wide Area (WAN) Transfer of a stream of information between nodes Global Area (GAN) Information storage Voice data Internetwork Text Intranet Extranet Internet Figures Multimedia data and potential new kind of data 27/38 29/38 Management Information processing Various computing techniques to meet the continuing requirements for network users Users can execute complex applications and obtain service from ubiquitous networks Can work as a virtual society of real-life world such as: The network operation must ensure that network resources are used effectively under normal as well as under problem conditions Traffic controls are necessary to ensure the smooth flow of information through the network It includes: Monitoring the performance of the network Virtual university (education) Detecting and recovering from faults Virtual game environment Configuring the network resources Virtual social networks, etc. Maintaining accounting information for cost and billing Providing security by controlling access to the information flows in the network 30/38 31/38
Types Internet Usage in the World Personal Area (PAN) Local Area (LAN) Campus Area (CAN) Metropolitan Area (MAN) Wide Area (WAN) Global Area (GAN) Internetwork Intranet Extranet Internet 32/38 33/38 Internet Usage in the World Architectures An abstract description for layered communications and computer network protocol design 34/38 35/38
Future of s Future of s Moore s Law The processing power of a microchip doubles every 18 months; corollary, computers become faster and the price of a given level of computing power halves every 18 months Gilder s Law The total bandwidth of communication systems triples every twelve months for the next 25 years Metcalfe s Law Value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users of the system (n 2 ) Bandwidth grows at least three times faster than computer power Cost per communication bit will begin to sink farther than it has fallen previously and eventually the cost of a telephone call, or of a bit transmitted, will be free 36/38 37/38 Trends Nomadic computing (Mobility) Wireless high-speed networks Scalability Security (Trust) Interoperability Context-awareness Autonomic computing Integration Expanded Services... 38/38