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Hemanth Sampath August 27, 2013 Next Generation Wi-Fi IEEE Vehicular Technology Society Meeting 2
QC Research Center & WLAN QC Research Center (QRC) has been spearheading WLAN technology innovations for the past several years. Design, Standardization, Prototypes, Product development support. Human Resources - Systems, Hardware, Software, Test Engineering Complete development labs QRC works closely with Qualcomm Atheros on WLAN product development and commercialization of technologies. 3
1 Introduction - WLAN Trends - QC Technology roadmap 2 802.11ac technology - Features and value proposition 3 Emerging Technologies Beyond 11ac - 802.11ah for range extension & the Internet of Things - 802.11ai for Fast Initial Link Setup - 802.11 High Efficiency WLAN Outline 4
WLAN Market & Regulatory Trends Market Trends: 100% WLAN attach-rate for smart phones Move towards BT-like attach rates for overall market Rapid growth of tablet category Carriers embracing WiFi for cellular offload Wi-Fi Direct opening up new Use Cases (e.g. Display, Docking, etc.) High-Mid Tier Markets transitioning to 802.11ac Regulatory Trends: Increased spectrum availability in 5GHz (600MHz + in US) More bands becoming available for WiFi (e.g. 900MHz, 60GHz) 5
QC Technology roadmap: A strong Wi-Fi evolution path 2012 2013 2014 and beyond 2.4 GHz/ 5 GHz 802.11 g 802.11 n 802.11ac Breaking the Gbps Barrier Higher capacity, higher data rates for mobile, computing, and CE devices 60 GHz 802.11ad Multi-Gigabit Short Range Wireless docking, in-room wireless display, audio, and more Sub GHz (bands varies globally) 802.11 ah Sensor, Control Multi-year year battery life. Home/building automation, sensors and more 1 First to deliver a tri-band (dual-band 11n plus WiGig 60 GHz) solution in the form of a module for computers 6
802.11ac Key Technology Features and Value Proposition 7
11ac Value Proposition Driving practical Gigabit wireless performance Video-grade Performance Across Increasingly Crowded, Busy Networks Richer content faster with improved bandwidth and spectral efficiency Reduction of latency with interference-free 5GHz Increased rate-over-range at close-and mid-range with standardized mechanisms. Extend battery life by lowering joules-per-bit 8
Key Technical Elements of 802.11ac Mandatory 5GHz Wider BW: 80 or 160 MHz 256 QAM - 24+ channels in US - Significant reduction of interference - Increases data rate per antenna - Lowers power consumption 1000 900 800 Data Rate Per Stream 11ac 867 Mbps per SS 5GHz 160 MHz 256 QAM Up to 8 streams 6.9Gbps (Max) Up to 8 streams - Provides 6.9Gbps with 160 MHz 700 600 Dynamic Bandwidth Management Standardized Transmit Beamforming Multi-user MIMO - Improved secondary channel CCA - RTS/CTS with BW Indication - Some increase in ROR for 1-antenna devices served by multiple-antenna APs - Increases network capacity for limitedantenna devices - Enables concurrent operation - More efficient use of spectrum 500 400 300 200 11b 11 Mbps 2.4GHz 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 100 11a 54 Mbps 5GHz 11g 54 Mbps 2.4GHz 11n 150 Mbps per SS 2.4/5GHz Up to 4 streams 600 Mbps Max 11ac 433 Mbps per SS 5GHz 80 MHz 256 QAM Up to 8 streams 3.45Gbps (Max) 9
Wider Bandwidth and 256-QAM 3x PHY rate improvement over 11n per stream Mandatory 20/40/80 MHz and optional 160 MHz BW 256 QAM boosts PHY rate by 33% over 11n # Spatial Streams 802.11n (5GHz, 40MHz BW, SGI) 802.11 ac (5GHz, 80MHz BW, SGI) 1 150 Mbps 433 Mbps 2 300 Mbps 867 Mbps 3 450 Mbps 4 600 Mbps Gigabit Wireless Increased data rate without increasing antennas 11ac 80 MHz 1x1 (433 Mbps) comparable to 11n 40MHz 3x3 (450 Mbps) 11n 3 antennas ~ 11ac 1 antenna 10
TCP Throughput (Mbps) Increased Rate over Range 11ac extends the range of the 11n top throughput by a factor of 2x 900 Aggressive-Loss Home Model 800 700 600 500 400 300 3x3, 11ac 80MHz 3x3, 11n 40MHz 200 100 0 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 Range (m) Short-range: Much higher throughput/capacity for in-room & P2P Mid-range: Higher capacity across most points in the home/office for networked media 11
Multi-User MIMO: Simultaneous Support for More Clients Technical Benefits: Increased spectral efficiency Exceed 11n-level network capacity with fewer client side antennas Unification of TxBF approach End User Benefits: Run more traffic over the network Higher throughputs at a given range Reduced power consumption and complexity for clients Single User MIMO 11n Stream 4 Stream 3 Stream 2 Stream 1 Multi-user MIMO 11ac Stream 2 Stream 1 12
PHY Data Rate (Mbps) Performance Improvement with MU-MIMO Extremely low cost configuration 4 antenna AP, 4 single-antenna clients Even with 40MHz BW, 4x1x4 MU-MIMO approaches 4x4 11n Above 3x3 11n performance 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 4x4 11n 2x2 11n 4x1-40 MU-MIMO 4x1-80 MU-MIMO Linear (4x4 11n) Linear (2x2 11n) Linear (4x1-40 MU-MIMO) Linear (4x1-80 MU-MIMO) Signal Loss Allowed (db) 13
Improved Power Efficiency 11ac results in lower joules-per-bit operation Moves more data at up to 6x reduction in power consumption for Wi-Fi Applications include video streaming, Wi-Fi Display synching, media shifting, and more Streaming Wi-Fi Display TX and RX for 20MHz, 40MHz and 80MHz 14
Energy Use Speed (Mbps) Improved Power Efficiency Based on Wi-Fi+CPU Power Consumption Measurements 270 Mbps 95 Mbps 50 Mbps File Transfer Throughput 11ac 80MHz 11n 40MHz 11n 20MHz 0.30 sec 0.84 sec Time Energy Use 1.6 sec 4X 11ac 80MHz 2.3X 1X 11n 40MHz 11n 20MHz ~4x lower energy consumed using 11ac-80MHz compared to 11n-20MHz ~2.3x lower energy consumed using 11ac-80MHz compared to 11n-40MHz Time 15
802.11ah 16
IEEE802.11ah Overview Taskgroup 802.11ah is chartered to define an OFDM PHY operating in the license-exempt bands below 1 GHz, and enhancements to the 802.11 MAC to support this PHY Transmission range up to 1 km Data rates > 100 kbit/s Taskgroup is projected to have a Draft 1.0 version of the standard available in 2H-2013 and a Draft 2.0 version 1H-2014 Standard completion projected for Year End 2015 Categories of Use Cases: Internet of Things (IoT) Extended Range Wi-Fi (e.g. for cellular offload) 17
802.11ah Value Proposition 3rd Band Wi-Fi 802.11g 2.4 GHz 802.11n 2.4 & 5 GHz 802.11ac 5 GHz 802.11ah (sub 1 GHz) Wi-Fi ecosystem WFA certified interoperability and Wi-Fi user experience Improved Range 10 db link budget advantage over 2.4 GHz technologies Low Power Supports multi-year battery life sensor operation Rich Data Rates 150Kbit/s ~ 78 Mbits/s per spatial stream (sensor, audio, security camera, internet) Scalable Support thousands of nodes IP connectivity Same as Wi-Fi Outdoor Coverage Support for larger delay and doppler spreads, support for relays 18
Harmonized 11ah Spectrum in Key Geographies 24 MHz 8 MHz 5.6 MHz 26 MHz 755 China (max erp <= 5 mw) 779 China 787 863 EU 868.6 902 US (max erp <=1 W) 928 MHz (max erp <= 10 mw) 6.5 MHz Region Tx power regulations Korea 917 923.5 13.8 MHz US EU Max e.r.p. <= 1 W max erp <=14 dbm PSD <= -4.5 dbm/100khz (863~868.6MHz) PSD <= 6.2 dbm/100khz (865~868MHz) Japan 915.9 928 MHz (Max BW = 1MHz) 929.7 Korea 3 mw or 10 mw (920.6~923.5MHz and six 200 KHz channels below 920.6 MHz) China Max e.r.p. <= 5 mw (755 779 MHz) Max e.r.p. <= 10 mw (779 787 MHz) Japan 1mW, 20 mw or 250 mw (915.9~929.7MHz) Max BW <= 1 MHz (Add duty cycle limit) 19
11ah Technical Enhancements for IoT Whole home coverage with Single AP & battery operated sensors with no power amplifier Mandatory 1 and 2 MHz BW 150 Kbps minimum data rate Low power MAC protocols Small Frame formats Sensor traffic priority Efficient Beaconless mode for sensor wakeup Scheduled transmissions Scalable to 1000s of nodes Efficient paging Scheduled transmissions 20
Rich Data Sets Enable Both IOT and Extended Range WiFi Applications Mandatory & Globally Interoperable modes optimized for sensor networking 11ah Bandwidth Modes 1 MHz 2 MHz 150Kbps* 4Mbps 650Kbps 7.8Mbps 4 MHz 1.35Mbps 18Mbps Optional higher data rate modes for extended range WiFi 8 MHz 16 MHz 2.9Mbps 39Mbps 5.8Mbps 78Mbps Minimum 11n/ac bandwidth 20 MHz 6.5Mbps 78Mbps Higher Data Rates * Single spatial stream rates shown. 150Kbps achieved via a new repetition modulation and coding scheme (MCS10) 21
Fast Initial Link Setup (802.11ai) 22
802.11ai Overview Taskgroup 802.11ai is chartered to define techniques for: a secure initial link set-up in less than 100ms associating least 100 STAs entering an ESS within 1 second Taskgroup is projected to complete Draft 1.0 version in 2H-2013 Draft 2.0 version in ~2014 Final spec in 2015 11ai enhances Network Connection Experience - Shorter initial link setup time - Improved AP-to-AP handoff in dense networks - Reduced probe storms 23
802.11ai Key Technical Elements Shorter Link Set up time Authentication, 4-way handshake, Association & IP address assignment completed in 2 roundtrip signaling messages Shorter & faster beacons (FILS discovery frame) Improved AP-to-AP handoff in dense networks Neighbor AP advertisement and Subnet identifier tokens in Beacons & Probe- Responses Reduced Probe Storms Broadcast Probe Response Selective Probe response based on probe-request content Shorter Probe Response containing only the changed parameters since last association 24
High Efficiency WLAN (HEW) 25
802.11 High Efficiency WLAN (HEW) IEEE Study Group created in March 2013 to improve performance in dense multi-bss networks 2.4 GHz and 5GHz bands Indoor and outdoor scenarios Significant interference Address requirements on Carrier Wi-Fi IEEE Task Group launch likely in 2014. Technology components under development, but will likely include: o Improving average and tail throughputs o Improving MAC efficiency and reducing collisions/contentions o Improving outdoor coverage and robustness 26
HEW and Carrier Wi-Fi The meaning of Carrier Wi-Fi differs by industry body: Venue 3GPP Meaning of Carrier Wi-Fi Interworking between Cellular and Wi-Fi IEEE802.11 HEW MAC and PHY enhancements to improve performance in dense deployments, and outdoor usage WFA WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance) Hotspot 2.0 / Passpoint and future enhancements Improving end-user experience of Hotspot operator Wi-Fi similar to a cellular operator experience (e.g. end-to end network management) 27
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36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 149 153 157 161 165 169 173 177 181 US Europe & Japan Significant Worldwide Spectrum available in the 5GHz Band for 802.11 a/n/ac IEEE channel # 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz 160 MHz 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz 160 MHz 5170 MHz UNII-1 UNII-2 (DFS) 5330 MHz 740 MHz potential spectrum New band (pending) 5490 MHz UNII-Worldwide (DFS) 5730 MHz 5735 MHz UNII-3 5835 MHz DSRC (pending) 5915 MHz India 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz 160 MHz China 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz 160 MHz New channels in red are expected to become available pending FCC approval. 31