Problem 52: rushing of a crash tube Problem description onsider the crushing of a crash tube by a rigid weight: Initial velocity 12000 mm/sec eveled end with varying thickness Thickness=0.5 Thickness=1 Tube cross-section rash tube z 1 Rigid weight 100 kg 10 Properties of rigid weight: X, Y, Z mass = 0.1 N-s 2/mm X, Y moment of inertia = 2296 N-s2-mm Z moment of inertia = 427 N-s2-mm 200 All lengths in mm (corresponds to a steel block with dimensions 160 160 500) 10 radius Material properties, plastic-cyclic material model: ontact conditions: Friction coefficient = 0.2 between weight and tube, also for tube self-contact 80 E=207000 MPa =0.3 =7850 kg/m = 7.85 10 N-s /mm y=225 MPa Nonlinear kinematic hardening: h=280000 MPa =1300 3-9 2 4 We want to compute the force-deflection curve for the tube. We will compute this curve using both an implicit and an explicit analysis. ADINA R & D, Inc. 52-1
Problem 52: rushing of a crash tube In this problem solution, we will demonstrate the following topics that have not been presented in previous problems: Defining shell elements with varying thickness Using the plastic-cyclic material model Using double-sided contact Using the Noh-athe method of explicit time integration Using the penalty contact algorithm efore you begin Please refer to the Icon Locator Tables chapter of the Primer for the locations of all of the AUI icons. Please refer to the Hints chapter of the Primer for useful hints. This problem can be solved with the 900 nodes version of the ADINA System. Much of the input for this problem is stored in the following files: prob52_1.in, prob52_1.plo, prob52_2.plo. You need to copy these files from the folder samples\primer into a working directory or folder before beginning this analysis. Overview of model definition The figure below shows the geometry used to model the crush tube: Rigid links Surface 100 Point 105, with concentrated mass Surfaces 9 to 16 Surfaces 1 to 8 v Vertex 2 Vertex 1 z x u Vertex 3 Vertex 4 Local coordinate system used for geometry surfaces 52-2 ADINA Primer
Problem 52: rushing of a crash tube The beveled end of the tube is (approximately) modeled by reducing the shell thicknesses at the end of the tube. In order to reduce the shell thicknesses, it is necessary to know the orientation of the geometry surfaces coordinate system. The coordinate system of the geometry surfaces is shown in the figure above. Two contact groups are used. ontact group 1 models the contact between the rigid surface and the tube, and contact group 2 models the self-contact of the tube. Invoking the AUI and choosing the finite element program Invoke the AUI and set the Program Module drop-down list to ADINA Structures. Implicit time integration Model definition We have prepared a batch file (prob52_1.in) that defines the following items: Problem heading ontrol data, including solution tolerances. Note that all shell nodes are assigned local rotational degrees of freedom (MASTER... SHELLNDOF=5). Time stepping. 200 time steps of size 1E-4 are used. Geometry points, lines, surfaces Thickness for geometry surfaces 1 to 16, except for the deviations (see below) oundary conditions Rigid links connecting geometry surface 101 to geometry point 105 Element group 1, containing soft springs attached to all the degrees of freedom of geometry point 5. These springs prevent the degrees of freedom in element group 5 from being deleted at the time of data file generation. Subdivision data for the surfaces hoose File Open atch, navigate to the working directory or folder, select the file prob52_1.in and click Open. The graphics window should look something like the figure on the next page. ADINA R & D, Inc. 52-3
Problem 52: rushing of a crash tube Z X Y U 1 U 2 U 3 1 2 3 - - - - - - Surface thicknesses: The 8 geometry surfaces close to the top of the tube will have a varying thickness applied to them. hoose Geometry Surfaces Thickness and notice that all 16 surfaces have a thickness of 1.0, with no deviations. For surfaces 9 to 16, set both Deviation 1 and Deviation 2 to -0.5 and click OK. Plastic-cyclic material model: lick the Manage Materials icon and click the yclic button. Add material 1, and click the... button to the right of the Isotropic Hardening Rule field. In the Define Isotropic Hardening Rule dialog box, add rule 1, make sure that the Type is ilinear, set the Yield Stress to 225 and click OK. In the Define Plastic-yclic Material dialog box, set the Isotropic Hardening Rule to 1. Now click the... button to the right of the Kinematic Hardening Rule field. In the Define Kinematic Hardening Rule dialog box, add rule 1, then, in the first row of the table, set the "Linear onstant h" to 280000 and the "Nonlinear onstant zeta" to 1300, and click OK. In the Define Plastic-yclic Material dialog box, set the Kinematic Hardening Rule to 1. Now set the Young's Modulus to 207000, the Poisson's Ratio to 0.3, the Density to 7.85E-9, then click OK. lick lose to close the Manage Material Definitions dialog box. oncentrated mass: hoose Model oncentrated Masses, edit the table as follows, then click OK: Point X- Y- Z- X- Y- Z- Translation Translation Translation Rotation Rotation Rotation 105 0.1 0.1 0.1 2296 2296 427 52-4 ADINA Primer
Problem 52: rushing of a crash tube Initial conditions: hoose Model Initial onditions Define, add initial condition V, and, in the first row of the table, set the Variable to Z-VELOITY, the Value to -12000 and click Save. Now click the Apply... button, and, in the Apply Initial onditions dialog box, set the Point to 105 in the first row of the table, then click OK twice to close both dialog boxes. Element definition: lick the Element Groups icon, add group 2, set the Type to Shell, set the Integration Type to Trapezoidal and the Integration Order to 3. Then click the 3D- Shell tab, check the Use 3D-Shell button and click OK. Now click the Mesh Surfaces icon, click the Auto... button, set From to 1 and To to 16, then click OK. The Surface table should be filled in with numbers 1 to 16. lick OK to close the Mesh Surfaces dialog box. The graphics window should look something like this: Z X Y U 1 U 2 U 3 1 2 3 - - - - - - U 1 U 2 U 3 - - - - - Let's check the thicknesses. lick the reate and Plot icon, set the Variable to (Thickness:THIKNESS) and click OK. The graphics window should look something like the figure on the next page. ADINA R & D, Inc. 52-5
Problem 52: rushing of a crash tube Z X Y THIKNESS MAXIMUM 1.000 EG 2, EL 1, LN 1 MINIMUM 0.5000 EG 2, EL 229, LN 1 0.9667 0.9000 0.8333 0.7667 0.7000 0.6333 0.5667 U 1 U 2 U 3 1 2 3 - - - - - - U 1 U 2 U 3 - - - - - lick the lear and Plot icon to remove the band plot. ontact group 1: lick the ontact Groups icon, add group 1 and set the Type to 3-D ontact. Set the ompliance Factor to 1E-4 and the ontact Surface Offset to None. Now click the Advanced tab, set the "Friction ontact v-function Parameter" to 100 and click OK. ontact surfaces for contact group 1: lick the Define ontact Surfaces icon and add contact surface 1. heck the Specify Orientation button, and, in the first row of the table, set the Surf/Face to 101, the Orientation to "Opposite to Geometry" and click Save. Add contact surface 2, click the Auto... button, set From to 1 and To to 16, then click OK. The table should be filled in with numbers 1 to 16. lick OK to close the Define ontact Surface on Geometry dialog box. We need to generate a contact segment on contact surface 1. lick the Mesh Rigid ontact Surface icon click OK., set the ontact Surface to 1, the Number of Nodes per Segment to 4 and ontact pair for contact group 1: lick the Define ontact Pairs icon, add contact pair 1, set the ontactor Surface to 2, the oulomb Friction oefficient to 0.2 and click OK. 52-6 ADINA Primer
Problem 52: rushing of a crash tube ontact group 2: lick the ontact Groups icon and add group 2. Set the ompliance Factor to 1E-3, set the ontact Surface Action to Double Side and the ontact Surface Offset to None. Now click the Advanced tab, set the "Friction ontact v-function Parameter" to 100 and click OK. ontact surfaces for contact group 2: lick the Define ontact Surfaces icon and add contact surface 1. lick the Auto... button, set From to 1 and To to 16, then click OK. The table should be filled in with numbers 1 to 16. lick OK to close the Define ontact Surface on Geometry dialog box. ontact pair for contact group 2: lick the Define ontact Pairs icon 1, set the oulomb Friction oefficient to 0.2 and click OK., add contact pair Generating the ADINA Structures data file, running ADINA Structures, loading the porthole file lick the Save icon and save the database to file prob52. lick the Data File/Solution icon, set the file name to prob52_im, make sure that the Run Solution button is checked and click Save. ADINA Structures runs for 200 steps. When ADINA Structures is finished, close all open dialog boxes. Set the Program Module drop-down list to Post-Processing (you can discard all changes), click the Open icon open porthole file prob52_im. and Post-processing Deformed mesh: We have put the commands for plotting the tube with accumulated effective plastic strains in a batch file (prob52_1.plo). hoose File Open atch, navigate to the working directory or folder, select the file prob52_1.plo and click Open. The AUI processes the commands in the batch file. The graphics window should look something like the figure on the next page. ADINA R & D, Inc. 52-7
Problem 52: rushing of a crash tube AUM EFF PLASTI STRAIN RST AL SHELL T = 1.00 0.975 0.825 0.675 0.525 0.375 0.225 0.075 MAXIMUM 3.115 EG 2, EL 194, IPT 113 (2.075) MINIMUM -0.2135 EG 2, EL 194, IPT 213 (0.5280) lick the Movie Load Step icon to create an animation of the tube crushing. When the animation is finished, click the Animate icon, or choose Display Animate, to view the animation. Notice that the tube absorbs all of the kinetic energy of the rigid weight, and that the rigid weight separates from the tube at the end of the analysis. Now click the lear icon, click the Mesh Plot icon, click the ut Surface icon, set the Type to utting Plane, uncheck the Display the Plane(s) button, set "elow the utplane" to "Display as Usual", "Above the utplane" to "Do not Display" and click OK. In the Model Tree, expand the Zone entry, right-click the EG2 field and choose Display, then click the Shading icon. Use the mouse to rearrange the graphics window until the graphics window looks something like the top figure on the next page. The plot shows the self-contact of the tube. Force-deflection curve: We have put the commands for plotting the force-deflection curve in a batch file (prob52_2.plo). hoose File Open atch, navigate to the working directory or folder, select the file prob52_2.plo and click Open. The AUI processes the commands in the batch file. The graphics window should look something like the bottom figure on the next page. 52-8 ADINA Primer
Problem 52: rushing of a crash tube Y Z X 12. 10. 8. Force (N) *10 4 6. 4. 2. 0. 0. 20. 40. 60. 80. 100. 120. Displacement (mm) hoose Graph List and scroll to see the first solution time for which the force returns to zero. This should be time 1.82000E-2, with corresponding displacement 9.89701E+01 (mm). ADINA R & D, Inc. 52-9
Problem 52: rushing of a crash tube Explicit analysis Now we will repeat the analysis, using explicit time integration. Set the Program Module drop-down list to ADINA Structures (you can discard all changes) and choose database file prob52.idb from the recent file list near the bottom of the File menu. Heading: hoose ontrol Heading, set the Heading to "Primer problem 52: rushing of a tube, explicit" and click OK. Explicit analysis: Set the Analysis Type to Dynamics-Explicit and click the Analysis Options icon. Set the Method to "Noh-athe", make sure that the Time Step is set to "Automatic (Use Total Time Specified)", set the Time Step Magnitude Scaling Factor to 0.7 and click OK. Plastic-cyclic material model: lick the Manage Materials icon and click the yclic button. Set the Stress Integration Factor (beta) to 1.0 and click OK, then lose, to close both dialog boxes. ontact algorithm: lick the ontact ontrol icon Penalty and click OK., set the Default ontact Algorithm to ontact groups: lick the ontact Groups icon and choose group 1. lick the Advanced tab, and, in the Penalty Algorithm Stiffness box, set the Normal Stiffness to "Use Specified Value", and the value to 5000, and also set the Tangential Stiffness to "Use Specified Value", and the value to 5000. lick Save, then choose group 2, click the Advanced tab, and set the Normal and Tangential Stiffness to 5000 in the same way. lick OK to close the dialog box. Generating the ADINA Structures data file, running ADINA Structures, loading the porthole file lick the Save icon and save the database to file prob52. lick the Data File/Solution icon, set the file name to prob52_ex, make sure that the Run Solution button is checked and click Save. ADINA Structures runs for about 12000 steps. When ADINA Structures is finished, close all open dialog boxes. Set the Program Module drop-down list to Post-Processing (you can discard all changes), click the Open icon and open porthole file prob52_ex. 52-10 ADINA Primer
Problem 52: rushing of a crash tube Post-processing Follow the instructions given above to post-process the model. We obtain the results shown on the next page. hoose Graph List and scroll to see the first solution time for which the force returns to zero. This should be time 1.71010E-02, with corresponding displacement 9.33837E+01 (mm). Exiting the AUI: hoose File Exit to exit the AUI. You can discard all changes. ADINA R & D, Inc. 52-11
Problem 52: rushing of a crash tube Deformed mesh: AUM EFF PLASTI STRAIN RST AL SHELL T = 1.00 0.975 0.825 0.675 0.525 0.375 0.225 0.075 MAXIMUM 74.03 EG 2, EL 194, IPT 113 (40.16) MINIMUM -19.06 EG 2, EL 194, IPT 213 (0.6364) Force-deflection curve: 12. 10. 8. Force (N) *10 4 6. 4. 2. 0. 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. 110. 120. Displacement (mm) 52-12 ADINA Primer