EE 233. LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS Chapter 5. Lightwave Systems Instructor: Ivan P. Kaminow 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 1
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURES 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 2
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POINT-TO-POINT long haul 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 4
Public Switched Telephone Network S.K. Circuit Korotky, switched JLT 22(3), PSTN 2004. Internet backbone MESH NETWORK REDUNDANCY Nodes 100 Network 64 Tb/s capacity 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow Per-node 640 Gb/s 5 demand
Submarine Systems Cantat-3 Northstar Gemini TAT Columbus-2/3 Americas-1/2 NPC China-US TPC SEA-ME-WE 3 SEA-ME-WE 2/3 Pacrim West SAT-2 Jasuraus Pacrim East Unisur Atlantis-2 Alcatel supply participation others Tasman-2 RING REDUNDANCY 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 6
2/16/06 EXPRESS TRAFFIC EE233. Prof Kaminow v ADD-DROP 7
REGEN = 3R: reamp, reshape, retime PERFORMANCE MONITORING AMP = 1R: reamplify only No OEO conversion 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 8
Optical Network Architectures and the Role of Large MEMS Switches Transparent Network - Transparent Switch Three Three Broad Broad Visions Visions Optical Fabric Opaque Network - Opaque Switch O/E Optical Electronic Fabric Fabric O/E Opaque Network - Transparent Switch Optical Fabric 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 9 TLI: Dec 2003-26 O/E O/E Source: E. Goldstein (Tellium)
Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM) Meeting Network Needs: Capacity, Scalability, & Cost Single-wavelength TDM: (40 Gb/s) TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM TERM : (2.5 Gb/s) Optical Amplifier (1550 nm) (Traditional: Pre-WDM; 1996) 16-wavelength WDM: 40 Gb/s 16 fibers 1 fiber 48 regenerators 1 optical amplifier ( ~80 wavelengths ~200 Gb/s ) 60 wavelengths @ 40 Gb/s per ch! 2.4 Tb/s 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 10 TLI: Oct 2005-7
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Optical telecom technologies of the last 1/4 Century (Desurvire) Five generations of technology breakthroughs (3 decades) Capacity x distance (bit.km/s) 1000 100 10 1/1000 100 10 1/1000 100 10 1/1000 100 PETA TERA GIGA MEGA WDM V = EDFA IV = coherent III = 1.5µm DSF II =1.3µm SMF I = 0.8 µm MMF 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 02 04 10 Petabit.km/s= 1Terabit/s over 10,000km or 10Tbit/s over 1,000km Raman FEC (>1999) DM, C+L year X10 every 4 years 10 8 J.Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 18
METRO 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 19
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LOCAL ACCESS 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 22
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P. GREEN 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 25
FTTH Technology Options ITU G.983 BPON ITU G.984 GPON ATM Switch OLT Multiservice switch OLT Opt power splitter 155/622 Mb/s t 1 t n 155/622 Mbps / N per sub Passive outside plant Low-volume, high-cost components Low BW & SAR at each sub Analog video overlay BW upgrades are difficult 1.2 or 2.4 Gbps down, Opt pwr splitter 1.2/2.4 Gbps / N 155-2488 Mbps up t per sub Passive outside plant 1 High cost? multi-service, low volumes Increased BW allows switched video Analog video overlay t n BW upgrades difficult Ethernet Pt-Pt (P2P) Ethernet Switch N x 1 Gbps or 10 Gbps Active Switch/Mux 100 Mbs per sub Active outside plant -- higher OPEX? Low-cost Ethernet components High BW per sub + isolation Switched IP video supported BW/service uprgades are simple Ethernet PON (P2MP) Ethernet Switch OLT 1 Gbps Opt pwr splittert 1 1 Gbps / N per sub t n Passive outside plant Low-cost Ethernet components Switched IP video supported Analog video overlay possible BW upgrades more difficult WDM PON 100 Mbps - Nx100 Mbps - Opt! Split 1+ GBps Protocol independence! 1+ Gbps 1 per sub High BW per sub WDM Good subscriber isolation 2/16/06OLT EE233. Prof Kaminow Passive outside plant 26 Currently high cost! n
Power-Splitting PON: Broadband to Business, Homes and Base Stations Internet Dedicated fiber(s) to each home or business (same wavelengths) ONU/ ONT Residences or Businesses Router Single or dual fiber ONU/ONT Phone Metro Networks PON OLT Opt Power Split Demarc Gateway TV Video PSTN Switch PSTN Central Office Analog Video Overlay Passive: no electronics, no power ONU/ ONT PC All clients (ONT s or ONU s) receive same downstream data from OLT bandwidth is shared over N clients -- N is the split -- typically 16:1 or 32:1 Upstream channel is also shared using a distributed arbitration protocol upstream transmission scheduling is key factor in QoS Power-splitting PON s often support analog video overlay on separate wavelength downstream BW for not used for broadcast video, packet-based STB s not required Upgradable 2/16/06 without changing fiber plant EE233. Prof Kaminow 27
FTTP Evolution: WDM PON Internet Dedicated wavelength & fiber(s) to each home or business ONU Residences or Businesses Router Single or dual fiber ONU Phone Other Networks WDM OLT WDM Mux/ Demux Demarc Gateway TV Video PSTN Switch Passive: no electronics, no power PC PSTN Central Office ONU Full, independent! to each subscriber WDM OLT handles all! s simultaneously --! s are split to subs by external passive router Subscriber ONU s are configured to transmit/receive on on their assigned! Advantages: different bit rates/protocols/services for each sub, easy to upgrade sub without affecting others, good subscriber isolation, very high BW per sub possible Low-cost, innovative WDM technologies are key to cost-effective unlimited 2/16/06 broadband services to the home! EE233. Prof Kaminow 28
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Coax to HFC HE 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 30
Coax to HFC FN HE FN FN " Increase transport capability " Improve quality and reliability! Challenge for linear lightwave 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 31
DWDM TRUNK SH FN Primary Ring Primary Hub SH SH FN! DWDM transport for end-to-end transparency! Route diversity for service protection! Consolidate high-end terminals (CMTS) 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 32
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SOURCES OF POWER PENALTY 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 34
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computer-aided design 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 40
the end 2/16/06 EE233. Prof Kaminow 41