Home and Building Automation System an Overview

Home and Building Automation System an Overview Ambient intelligence: technology and design Fulvio Corno, Dario Bonino Politecnico di Torino, 2013/2014

Outline Wired systems MyOpen KNX ModBus Wireless systems ZigBee EnOcean 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 2

MyOpen BTICINO PROTOCOL FOR MYHOME SYSTEM

MyOpen / OpenWebNet MyOpen system Initially proposed by Bticino (Legrand group) Proprietary bus (SCS) Proprietary low-level protocol Simple configuration Jumpers (can be carried by electricians) Software Accessible via OpenWebNet gateways 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 4

OpenWebNet Allows external applications to communicate, monitor and control MyHome devices Open Specification Open protocol designed to work on minimal network requirements E.g., phone connections 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 5

OpenWebNet DTMF compatible E.g., *1*1*12## Light 12, On Defines 2 types of communication sessions Command session To send commands To ask for device states To require measure values Event session To monitor all the bus events, asynchronously 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 6

OpenWebNet - Messages Tag structure *tag1*tag2*tag3*...*tagn## Tag Allowed characters {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, #} Delimitator * Message end ## Content and structure changes for Commands / State requests Requests of measure values 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 7

OpenWebNet Commands/States 3-tag structure *WHO*WHAT*WHERE## WHO The command/request functionality (among a set of pre-defined values) WHAT The action to perform Possible actions are specified for each WHO value WHERE Identifies the message destination Single device, device groups, scenarios, zones, etc. WHAT and WHERE can have additional parameters WHAT#PAR1#PAR2...#PARn WHERE#PAR1#PAR2...#PARn WHO Functionality Description 0 Scenarios 1 Lighting 2 Actuators 3 Load control 4 Temperature control 5 Anti-burglar systems 6 Intercom 7 Multimedia 13 Gateway management 15 CEN commands 16 / 22 Sound diffusion 17 Scenarios for MH200N gateways 18 Energy management 25 CEN plus/ plus scenarios/ clean contacts 1001 Automation diagnostics 1004 Thermal control diagnostics 1013 Device diagnostics 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 8

OpenWebNet Commands/States Switch on the lamp with id=12 *1*1*12## Switch on the webcam with id=4000 *7*0*4000## Switch off the temperature control for the zone 1 *4*303*1## Switch off all lights *1*0*0## 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 9

Idiosyncrasies / Peculiarities Explicit State Notion Same format for State changes and Commands State change events only in monitoring sessions State change events only for active devices, buttons and switches do not generate events. States and commands only defined for active devices Buttons and switches do not have an explicit state (independent from the controlled object) 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 10

More info Open community at http://www.myopen-legrandgroup.com/ Free registration Documentation, software, discussion groups, application showcase Direct contact with Bticino engineers 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 11

KNX THE EUROPEAN DE-FACTO STANDARD (ALMOST) KNX is a standardized (EN 50090, ISO/IEC 14543), OSI-based network communications protocol for intelligent buildings. KNX is the successor to, and convergence of, three previous standards: the European Home Systems Protocol (EHS), BâtiBUS, and the European Installation Bus (EIB or Instabus). The KNX standard is administered by the KNX Association..

KNX Formal merger of 3 leading systems for Home and Building Automation EIB EHS BatiBus 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 13

KNX All devices carry a bit of intelligence on-board 2 Operating modes S-MODE (System Mode) Requires centralized binding & parameterization (with ETS) E-MODE Simple manipulation without PCs Similar to MyOpen 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 14

Basic Principles Based on the idea of distributed applications Every device carries a BIT of «intelligence» on board 2 Main operating modes S-MODE (System Mode) Requires centralized binding & parameterization (with ETS software) Simple manipulation without PCs Similar to MyOpen E-MODE 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 15

CONFIGURATION Logic Architecture S-MODE E-MODE APPLICATION LINK 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 16

Application Device implement Distributed Applications Based on Datapoints Distributed Applications = Datapoint Binding Datapoints: Represent process and control variables in the system May be inputs, outputs, parameters, diagnostic data, Standardized Datapoint types Grouped into Functional Blocks 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 17

KNX Application (2) Communication System and Protocol offer a reduced instruction set to Read and Write (set and get) Datapoint values Application semantics is mapped to Data format Bindings 3 binding schemes Free Structured Tagged binding 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 18

Datapoint Addressing example 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 19

Functional blocks: Lighting * Excerpt from 07_20_02 Lighting Actuators v1.4 AS The KNX 2.0 specification 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 20

Datapoints: Lighting * Excerpt from 07_20_02 Lighting Actuators v1.4 AS The KNX 2.0 specification 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 21

Datapoint specification: Blinds 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 22

Application = Datapoints Binding GroupAddress (multicast access to a datapoint) Binding GroupAddress (multicast access t a datapoint) 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 23

KNX - Binding Free binding: No a priori prescription on which Datapoints may be linked Free addressing Customized multicast grouping at the level of individual Datapoints Central to S-Mode Structured binding Precise pattern for linking a whole set of Datapoints, usually corresponding to a Functional Block or Channel Free-address E.g., Controller and Push-button Modes Tagged binding too complex 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 24

Link - Connections TP 1 Twisted pair cabling SELV network and supply system Asynchronous character oriented data transfer and half duplex bi-directional communication Transmission rate: 9600 bit/s CSMA/CA collision avoidance All topologies may be used and mixed (line, star, tree,.) RF 868,3 MHz band for Short Range Frequency Shift Keying, maximum duty cycle of 1% 32768 cps (chips per second) Manchester data encoding KNXNet/IP Standard protocol for KNX devices connected to an IP network IP network as a fast backbone in KNX installations Tunnels KNX Frames over IP PL 110 Communication over the mains supply network Spread frequency shift keying signaling Asynchronous transmission of data packets and half duplex bidirectional communication Central frequency 110 khz Transmission rate: 1200 bit/s CSMA, compliant to EN 50065-1 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 25

KNX Network technology TP 1 (basic medium inherited from EIB) Twisted pair cabling SELV network and supply system Asynchronous character oriented data transfer and half duplex bi-directional communication Transmission rate: 9600 bit/s CSMA/CA collision avoidance All topologies may be used and mixed (line, star, tree,.) 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 26

KNX Network technology PL 110 Communication over the mains supply network Spread frequency shift keying signaling Asynchronous transmission of data packets and half duplex bi-directional communication Central frequency 110 khz Transmission rate:1200 bit/s CSMA, compliant to EN 50065-1 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 27

KNX Network technology RF 868,3 MHz band for Short Range Frequency Shift Keying, maximum duty cycle of 1% 32768 cps (chips per second) Manchester data encoding 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 28

KNX Network technology KNXnet/IP Standard protocol for KNX devices connected to an IP network IP network as a fast backbone in KNX installations Tunnels KNX Frames over IP 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 29

Link - Topology LINE Up to 256 devices Connected into Areas via a Main Line AREA Up to 16 lines per area Up to 16 Areas Connected via a Backbone Line Max. Number of devices 65536 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 30

KNX on Stage 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 31

Idiosyncrasies / Peculiarities Implicit State Notion Only a subset of device states can be queried State Events State change events can be published by carefully configuring the KNX devices S-MODE Specific group address for notifications Pass-through gateway configuration All devices can publish state changes In-operation events available KNXNet/IP Tunnel mode event-based Supports partial device discovery EIBNet/IP Requires participation to a multicast delivery group: 239.192.39.238 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 32

Modbus ONE OF THE MOST DIFFUSED INDUSTRIAL PROTOCOLS Modbus is a serial communications protocol originally published by Modicon (now Schneider Electric) in 1979 for use with its programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Simple and robust, it has since become a de facto standard communication protocol, and it is now a commonly available means of connecting industrial electronic devices

Basic Principles Application layer messaging protocol (level 7 of the OSI model) client/server communication between devices different types of buses or networks Industry serial de facto standard since 1979 Request/reply protocol Services specified by function codes 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 34

Logic Architecture 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 35

Modbus - Addressing precise PDU addressing rules Each data block is addressed from 0 to 65535 Each element within a data block is numbered from 1 to n pre-mapping between the MODBUS data model and the device application is totally vendor device specific 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 36

Data Model 4 primary tables up to 65536 data items, each Distinctions between inputs and outputs bit-addressable and word-addressable data items Read or write of items can span multiple consecutive data blocks 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 37

Function codes Function Code Indicates to the server what kind of action to perform Is coded in one byte Valid codes are in the range of 1... 255 decimal the range 128 255 is reserved and used for exception responses Function code "0" is not valid Sub-function codes are added to some function codes to define multiple actions 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 38

Function Codes 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 39

Request/reply protocol SUCCESSFUL TRANSACTION FAILING TRANSACTION 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 40

Protocol structure Simple protocol data unit (PDU) Independent of the underlying communication layers Specific buses can introduce additional fields on the application data unit (ADU) 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 41

Modbus Data Model Multiple data blocks Single data block 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 42

Modbus - Transaction 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 43

Link - Connection RS485 Serial cable (1 or 2 pairs) Variable transmission speed from 9600 to 115200 baud Modbus TCP/IP Ethernet cable (Fiber for longer distances) Transmission speed depends on the underlying hardware / network 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 44

Modbus Network technology (2) TCP/IP over Ethernet Asynchronous serial transmission over a variety of media wire : EIA/TIA-232-E, EIA-422, EIA/TIA-485-A fiber, radio, etc. MODBUS PLUS high speed token passing network 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 45

Link - Topology Depends on the link technology RS485 serial (daisy chain) 1 master, many slaves (up to 255) Modbus TCP/IP Multiple masters Multiple slaves 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 46

Network Architecture 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 47

Modbus on Stage 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 48

Idiosyncrasies / Peculiarities Explicit State Notion Can only be queried (read) No command notion Only write operations on registers Client/Server approach Does not support event-based interaction Polling No explicit device notion Registers exposed through a Modbus Gateway Devices identified by their slave id No device discovery Available registers are defined by the vendor 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 49

Wireless systems

A comparison (source: Z-Wave) 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 51

ZigBee WIRELESS CONTROL THAT SIMPLY WORKS (?) ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols used to create personal area networks built from small, low-power digital radios. ZigBee is based on an IEEE 802.15 standard. Though low-powered, ZigBee devices often transmit data over longer distances by passing data through intermediate devices to reach more distant ones, creating a mesh network; i.e., a network with no centralized control or high-power transmitter/receiver able to reach all of the networked devices.

Basic Principles Low cost, very low power consumption, two way, wireless communications standard Built on top of IEEE 802.15.4 Secure Messages are encrypted Defines several profiles Standard: Home Automation, Smart Energy, etc. Custom Each profile includes one or more ZCL (ZigBee Cluster Library) specification 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 53

Basic principles ZigBee Profiles Group of devices / functionalities pertaining a given application domain, e.g., Home Automation (ZigBee HA), Smart Energy (ZigBee SE), etc. ZigBee Cluster Libraries Device functionalities described in terms of client-server interactions 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 54

Logic Architecture 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 55

ZDO ZigBee Device Objects Initialize the application support sub-layer (APS), the network layer (NWK), and the Security Service Provider. interface APPLICATION OBJECTS interface LOWER PORTIONS OF THE ZIGBEE PROTOCOL STACK Assemble configuration information from the end applications to determine and implement discovery, security management, network management, and binding management. 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 56

Application Framework THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH APPLICATION OBJECTS ARE HOSTED ON ZIGBEE DEVICES ZigBee Profiles Agreements for messages, message formats, and processing actions that enable developers to create an interoperable, distributed application employing application entities that reside on separate devices. These application profiles enable applications to send commands, request data, and process commands and requests. ZigBee Clusters Clusters are identified by a cluster identifier, which is associated with data flowing out of, or into, the device. Cluster identifiers are unique within the scope of a particular application profile. 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 57

Profiles HOME AUTOMATION SMART ENERGY This profile defines device descriptions and standard practices for Demand Response and Load Management Smart Energy applications needed in a Smart Energy based residential or light commercial environment. Installation scenarios range from a single home to an entire apartment complex. The key application domains included in this initial version are metering, pricing and demand response and load control applications. This profile defines device descriptions and standard practices for applications needed in a residential or light commercial environment. Installation scenarios range from a single room to an entire home up to 20,000 square feet (approximately 1850m 2 ). The key application domains included in this initial version are lighting, HVAC, window shades and security. ENERGY@HOME The E@H features extend the HA and SE ZigBee profiles in order to build a new class of devices, i.e. White Goods for Energy@Home. 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 58

Profiles Teaser: HOME AUTOMATION Next week (Thursday, June 5th) the director of the SMART Energy@Home ENERGY consortium will present This profile defines device descriptions and standard their activities. This profile defines device descriptions and standard practices for Demand Response and Load Management Smart Energy applications needed in a Smart Energy based residential or light commercial environment. Installation scenarios range from a single home to an entire apartment complex. The key application domains included in this initial version are metering, pricing and demand response and load control applications. practices for applications needed in a residential or light commercial environment. Installation scenarios range from a single room to an entire home up to 20,000 square feet (approximately 1850m 2 ). The key application domains included in this initial version are lighting, HVAC, window shades and security. ENERGY@HOME The E@H features extend the HA and SE ZigBee profiles in order to build a new class of devices, i.e. White Goods for Energy@Home. 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 59

Clusters Cluster Collection of attributes and commands Defines a communications interface between two devices Devices implement server and client sides of the interface Client A cluster interface which is listed in the output cluster list of the simple descriptor on an endpoint. Sends commands that manipulate the attributes on the corresponding server cluster. Server A cluster interface which is listed in the input cluster list of the simple descriptor on an endpoint. Typically this interface supports all or most of the attributes of the cluster. 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 61

Cluster Definition: OnOffSwitch O I 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 62

Cluster Definition: OnOffOutput 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 63

Link - Topology STAR hierarchical routing strategy beacon-oriented communication the network is controlled by one single device called the ZigBee coordinator the ZigBee coordinator is responsible for initiating and maintaining the devices on the network MESH full peer-to-peer communication routers in mesh networks do not currently emit regular IEEE 802.15.4-2003 beacons TREE coordinator is responsible for starting the network and for choosing certain key network parameters the network may be extended through the use of ZigBee routers 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 64

EnOcean The inventor of patented energy harvesting wireless technology First ISO/IEC wireless standard optimized for solutions with ultra-low power consumption and energy harvesting.

Approach EnOcean modules combine micro-energy converters with ultra low power electronics and reliable wireless communications (nearly) Self-powered wireless sensor solutions 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 66

Energy? And more Pressure Rotation (wheels, gas meters) Vibrations 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 67

Software architecture 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 68

Radio technology 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 69

Transmission protocol 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 70

Short messages: reliability 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 71

More information 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 72

Open standard, multiple vendors http://www.enoceanalliance.org/en/products/ 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 73

Wanna play? http://www.enocean.com/en/enocean-pi/ 2013/2014 Ambient intelligence: technology and design 74

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