APSNIM, 2017, :2 (14) Ethnology (АПС І ), 2017, 2 (14), P faşaчc ( faşaчg, fărşaчc, farşaчg),, -

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APSNIM, 2017, :2 (14) Е о о ія Ethnology ISSN: 2411-6181(on-line); ISSN: 2311-9896 (print) Current issues of social studies and history of medіcine. Joint Ukrainian-RШЦaЧiaЧ scieчtific jшurчaх, 2017, :2(14), P. 68-72 UDK 159.97: 316.624 + 94(477) DOI 10.24061/2411-6181.2.2017.42 Е Е Е И І И А И И В Е А І ВЕ КА АВА В ЬК А А І а а і А, і і і. В (К ) А,. -, ія, natalita1977@yandex.ru THE ELEMENTS OF POLITICAL SATIRE IN THE SPRING CARNIVAL PERFORMANCES OF ROMANIAN BANAT Natalia GOLANT, Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of Russian Academy of Sciences, Researcher ID: C-3500-2017 а а а. е е ы че а ы в е а х ве е е а ава а в ы а а е. Д я ья, я 2005. ( Х, я я я я ),, -. В ь я я. - В ( К - ). К ючевые ва: ка а а, а а к, а, а и, а а Вве е е. я ь, - я Д, К -. В В ; XVI. -, XVIII. ( ь - 1716. - 1718. ); я я - ( К -, - ь я ь ь), - ( - я В ), ь я ь В ( ь Ч ). я - я ь. я 1719 1786.,.. я К VI, - II, я я, 1., ь. (В ь -,.. - В. -, ь, ь,,, А ( )) 2. К, XVIII. я ь, ья,, -,, - - 3. ь - ь я ь, ь В я, - ь ь ь,. И ч. ья ь, я - - 2005. ( Х, я я я я ), - -, -. К, ь ь - ь. Х, я я я -,. я я, ь, я ь я А. в а ча. я я ь -. faşaчc ( faşaчg, fărşaчc, farşaчg),, - я - ( К - - ), и а - 1 Buгărnescu Ştefan ş.a., Un model de interculturalitate active. Banatul Românesc = Buгărnescu Ştefan et d'autres. Un model active d inculturalité. Le Banat Roumain = Buгărnescu Ştefan and others. A model of active interculturalitв. Romanian Banat, Editura de Vest, 2004, P. 22-24. 2 Glăvan C., Presa de limbă germană din Banat. 1771 1867, Rezumatul tezei de doctorat, Institutul de Istorie George Bariţiu Cluj-Napoca, 2015, P. 1. URL: http://scoaladoctorala.history-cluj.ro/doctorate/doctorat_glavan/rezumat%20cuprins%20%20lucrare%20 doctorat%20%20limba%20romana%20glavan%20%20%20ciprian.pdf 3 Buгărnescu Şt. ş.a., Op. cit., P. 23, 25; Griselini Francesco, Încercare de istorie politică şi naturală a Banatului Timişoarei [An attempt at a political and natural history of the Temeswar Banat], Facla, 1984, P. 129. Ак а ь і и а я і ь и а к а і і и и и. С і ь и к а ьк - ьки а к и а. (АПС І ), 2017, 2 (14), P. 68-72 68

а. и і и,. (. 1) - я. - - ь, а а к и, - ь ( я), -, ь, -,. З - - я я я я я ь 4. В я ь я я я - я ь я, я,, ( я ),,, ь., я яя ь я - ь, ь -, а а к - ь З -, -. я я - я я ь ь, ь 5. faşaчc я ь -, - В. У -,, В я - ь, я ь я., ь, ь, ь ь -. ь, ь- я ь ь В, - ь, В. ь, В я ).,, я ь я я я, я а а ка - я я ь,,,.. я я В ь я я) 6. К ь - я я. я faşaчc я я, zilele nebunilor (), hipuri (, ), urşi (), berbeci (), ЦШşi (, ), leorfe («я», «ья»).. В В - ( я -,, ь ь, ь ) ( я, - я ь я ь, я, -, я - ь ) 7. Д а а ка я я я,, ь я, - я., - а а к,, «ь, я я ь» 8. я я я я ь., - ь - я, я ( ) я «ь» [nunta cornilor],. - «я» [mireasa bшrţшasă],. К ь [mortul diч faşaчc] ( я я - К - ),. [îчцшrцâчtarea faşaчcuхui]) (. 2) 9. В ь -, я - я я,. я «я» «ь»,, я ь я,. ( «ь» ь ь 2005.. ). я я я я, я,, я - chip (. 3) я ь я я,,, - ь - я ). я ь, я,. - я я я я я ( ь),, (. 7),. В я. В - ь ь. В я я,,, - ь ь. В - я я я я ( / / - / ), - 4 Hedeşan O., Golant N. Karnaval v rumвnskom Banate: polevвe issledovanija v Moldova-Noue [The carnival of Romanian Banat: field studies in Moldova-Nouă] Antropologicheskij forum [Forum for Anthropology and Culture], 2007, 7, P. 300-311. 5 6 7 8 Bahtin Mihail, Tvorchestvo François Rabelais i narodnaja kul tura Srednevekovja i Renessansa, Hudoгhestvennaja literatura, 1990, P. 13. 9 Hedeşan O., Golant N., Op. cit., P. 300-311. 69

Ethnology,. я ь, - я, я (,,,, ь я, 1990-., я ь, я - я,,,, 11 я я 2001...). 10, а а к - - К - ь ь, ь я - ь, я я, я,. В 1990-. -, - ( я -, 1991 2001., ь, - я ), К ( я 1991. ь ; я - 1999. -, - К 18 я. я я - ь, К я ь ). В ь Mascaţii («я ), - я 2001., - ь. я Х -. я 2013. В - (, я я - я) К -, -,, - я, ь - я ь - я У я 11. В - ь, - ;, ь -,, я ь «-» (capitanul cu chelie) (,, я - ). ( я ) ь - ь ( я ь - )., «У я», У я я, я я ь,, я яя ь -,,, я ь- ь, я, я - ь я - ь, ь. (В 2015. У я я ). Ч я,, - я, -, ь, - я ь,, ь, я. (В - ь, я я ь - я, я ь, я (,, я - 2013 2015. ь -, -,, -,, -, Д,, К.). 2014. - В -, я,,. У - 2014.,, -, 12. ь я, «я» (cшruщţie) «я» (Цită).,, ь Д.-А. У 2014. В, ( ) я. я. ;, я я, -. - 2014. В я -, «Д -» ( Gigi BecaХi şi gruщuх de Щuşcariaşi ). Д ь «я», - я ь, - ь (, România Mare («В я я»), - ь ), - ( 2009 2013.) ( 2012 2013. А -. ь, ь. ь, я,, ь Pungaşul 13, -,,. -, ь, ь я я, я - ( ). З ь 10 Hedeşan Otilia, Lecţii despre calendar [Lessons about calendar], Editura Universităţii de Vest, 2005. 11 В ь YouTube. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9m_9ylk9hm4 12 Ulici D.-A., La Văliug sărbătoarea Făşancului e dusă mai departe de tinerii comunei [In Văliug the feast of Făşanc is carried forward by by youth of the village], Ştiri diч BaЧat, 5 martie 2014. URL: http://stiridinbanat.ro/2014/03/05/la-valiug-sarbatoarea-fasancului-dusa-maideparte-de-tinerii-comunei/ 13 Ibid. 70

а. и і и Becali ь Pungaşul,, я, я я я ь ь - К Swindle (), я я я 2013., ь, я - ( я Pungaşul ). а юче е., - - я, ь - я, ь ь. В - я - я я,,, В ь я, 900.,. У ь я я - я,,, 2015. я ( ь, ь я я, ь К,, ь - К - В, - ь - )., я - я я я я, я - я. Natalia Golant. The Elements of Political Satire in the Spring Carnival Performances of Romanian Banat. In Romanian territory the tradition of spring carnival festivities has relatively limited distribution. The word faşaчc (also faşaчg, fărşaчc, farşaчg) meaning carnival is the most frequentlв used bв the inhabitants of the Highland Banat, namely of the Caraș-Severin County in the extreme South-West of Romania and understood by residents of entire Romanian Banat as well as the Romanian population of the Serbian Banat. Being a practice with limited geographical distribution in Romanian traditional culture, the faşaчc at the same time forms the continuity between traditional Western Europe cultures, in particular of the Catholic Europe. The existence of this practice among Banat Romanians is one of consequences of complex crosscultural, cross-confessional and interethnic relations in the region. In recent years in different settlements of Romanian Banat the carnival performances mock and put on stage in satirical way the main negative, ridiculous, abnormal and shocking events that occurred in the given community as well as in country or in the world. These events can be local scandals, plots of popular television serials, and political actions. This article is partlв based on the author s fieldwork materials gathered during her trip to the settlements of Romanian Banat in spring of 2005. The trip was made together with Romanian ethnologist Otilia Hedeşan, todaв the prorector of the Timisoara Universitв. The author also used the last вears photographic and video -materials found in Internet. The article focuses on the spring carnival festivities in the town of Moldova-Nouă and the communitв of Văliug in the Caraș-Severin County. The emphasis is made on examination of carnival topics and personages related in some way to political life of Romania, including the subjects inspired by corruption scandals in 2013 2014. Key words: carnival, faşanc, personage, performance, Banat о а а а ія - ка и а і и и а к, а к и і і ик і і є ики а і а а і і. П а ик (К ка а) і ьк ака і а к. К а к и і і : а и і а к ь а ка а - а ка ьк і, ка а а я і ь, і - а ьки ьк, і і ика. А 68 ика і, и і 2 а і. Golant Natalia PhD, researcher (Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Europe). Research interests: traditional culture of the Carpatho-Balkan region, calendar rites, Romanian folklore, ethnolinguistics. The author of 68 articles and 2 monographs. Received: 18. 01. 2017 Advance Access Published: April, 2017 N. Golant, 2017 71

Ethnology а. 1. К я я. А я Х.. 2... (Oliver Merce).. 3. (chip).. -, К -, 2005... 4... -, К -, 2005.. 72