ID 216C: Go Wireless with Redpine and Renesas Wi-Fi Solutions Rohan Joginpalli Product Manager Redpine Signals, Inc. 13 October 2010 Version: 1.2 1
Rohan Joginpalli Product Manager Redpine Signals, Inc. Responsible for Redpine s Connect-io-n product family 8 years of Engineering and Management experience in Wireless semiconductor design Wireless system level product development Product Management Program Management Graduate of the Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 2 2
Renesas Technology and Solution Portfolio Microcontrollers & Microprocessors #1 Market share worldwide * ASIC, ASSP & Memory Advanced and proven technologies Solutions for Innovation Analog and Power Devices #1 Market share in low-voltage MOSFET** * MCU: 31% revenue basis from Gartner "Semiconductor Applications Worldwide Annual Market Share: Database" 25 March 2010 ** Power MOSFET: 17.1% on unit basis from Marketing Eye 2009 (17.1% on unit basis). 3 In the session 110C, Renesas Next Generation Microcontroller and Microprocessor Technology Roadmap, Ritesh Tyagi introduces this high level image of where the Renesas Products fit. The big picture. 3
Renesas Technology and Solution Portfolio Microcontrollers & Microprocessors #1 Market share worldwide * ASIC, ASSP & Memory Advanced and proven technologies Solutions for Innovation Analog and Power Devices #1 Market share in low-voltage MOSFET** * MCU: 31% revenue basis from Gartner "Semiconductor Applications Worldwide Annual Market Share: Database" 25 March 2010 ** Power MOSFET: 17.1% on unit basis from Marketing Eye 2009 (17.1% on unit basis). 4 This is where our session, 216C, Go Wireless with Redpine, is focused within the Big picture of Renesas Products, Microcontroller and Microprocessors. 4
Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up Superscalar, MMU, Multimedia Up to 1200 DMIPS, 45, 65 & 90nm process Video and audio processing on Linux Server, Industrial & Automotive High Performance CPU, Low Power Up to 500 DMIPS, 150 & 90nm process 600uA/MHz, 1.5 ua standby Medical, Automotive & Industrial High Performance CPU, FPU, DSC Up to 165 DMIPS, 90nm process 500uA/MHz, 2.5 ua standby Ethernet, CAN, USB, Motor Control, TFT Display Legacy Cores Next-generation migration to RX General Purpose Up to 10 DMIPS, 130nm process 350 ua/mhz, 1uA standby Capacitive touch Ultra Low Power Up to 25 DMIPS, 150nm process 190 ua/mhz, 0.3uA standby Application-specific integration Embedded Security Up to 25 DMIPS, 180, 90nm process 1mA/MHz, 100uA standby Crypto engine, Hardware security 5 Here are the MCU and MPU Product Lines, I am not going to cover any specific information on these families, but rather I want to show you where this session is focused 5
Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up Superscalar, MMU, Multimedia Up to 1200 DMIPS, 45, 65 & 90nm process Video and audio processing on Linux Server, Industrial & Automotive High Performance CPU, Low Power Up to 500 DMIPS, 150 & 90nm process 600uA/MHz, 1.5 ua standby Medical, Automotive & Industrial High Performance CPU, FPU, DSC Up to 165 DMIPS, 90nm process 500uA/MHz, 2.5 ua standby Ethernet, CAN, USB, Motor Control, TFT Display Legacy Cores Next-generation migration to RX General Purpose Up to 10 DMIPS, 130nm process 350 ua/mhz, 1uA standby Capacitive touch Ultra Low Power Up to 25 DMIPS, 150nm process 190 ua/mhz, 0.3uA standby Application-specific integration Embedded Security Up to 25 DMIPS, 180, 90nm process 1mA/MHz, 100uA standby Crypto engine, Hardware security 6 Here are the MCU and MPU Product Lines, I am not going to cover any specific information on these families, but rather I want to show you where this session is focused 6
Innovation Wi-Fi for Smart Energy High-Energy Applicances In-home Display And Control Circuit Breaker Water Meter Energy Meter Also an AP/ Gateway 7 There are multiple ways to attack the growing problem of energy consumption a problem that itself id manifested in multiple ways. For one, providing energy to an end application is a proposition that is limited in its capacity for economical growth; and for another, the origin or form of the energy used has varying impact on the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. One kind of solution is to seek carbon friendly energy that is obtained without burning fossil fuels. The other solution is to make use of energy more efficiently. Here we see how we can monitor and regulate household consumption of electricity. <Click> This model uses Wi-Fi as the key communication link between energy sinks, sources, and controllers. <Click> The Energy Meter acts as a communication gateway to the utility. Since it is equipped with external access, it also doubles as a wireless access point, with all applicable equipment in the home connecting to it. <Click> This includes the readings from water or gas meters. <Click> The Circuit Breaker is also wirelessly controlled and may be use to turn off high current appliances when energy on the grid comes at a premium. <Click> Each high-energy appliance can also be controlled individually. <Click> The home s energy consumption information is made available on a handy display, which also doubles as a control unit to set usage policies. 7
Agenda Redpine Signals Company and Products Wi-Fi in Embedded Systems The Benefits of 802.11n Integrating Wi-Fi into Embedded Systems Redpine + Renesas Solutions Wireless Demo Q&A 8 8
Key Takeaways By the end of this session you will be able to: Understand the key concepts in integrating Wi-Fi into Embedded Systems Understand why 802.11n is the choice of wireless connectivity in current and future designs Understand the applicable Redpine and Renesas products for wireless applications 9 9
Redpine Signals Company Overview Founded: 2001 Corporate Headquarters: San Jose, CA R&D Locations: San Jose, CA; Hyderabad, India Employees: 100+ e-clips Significant Emerging Wireless Patent Portfolio 18 awarded; 35 pending; over 50 in pipeline OFDM, MIMO, Low Power, Multi-thread Processing, CMOS RF/PA Chipset Manufacturers TSMC, ASE Redpine Signals Best New Company clips Jason McDonald Module Manufacturers OSE, Aztech Worldwide sales and distribution 10 10
The RS9110 chip is the core product of the Lite-Fi family whose name was chosen to illustrate the offering of Wi-Fi at a very small power consumption. The chips in the Maxi-Fi family address higher throughput needs with RS9115/6/7/8 providing 150 Mbps, and the impending RS9330 MIMO product offering up to 450 Mbps. The nlink and Connect-io-n products are multichip modules that integrate the RF and PA, along with other key components that help complete the wireless transport functionality. The Find-iT product is a complete RTLS tag. 11
Why Wi-Fi in Embedded Systems? Use of available infrastructure and network planning Wi-Fi is largely present in most enterprise, industrial, and home environments Access Point location and frequency planning already taken care of Easy addition of devices Enterprise class security AES based WPA2 Optional 802.1x based authentication Throughput and Range 1 Mbps to 600 Mbps data rate Up to 500 meters range Power Consumption Focus on low energy as opposed to low power 12 Read through <Click> Read through. AES is a strong security mechanism, strong enough to be OK ed for use by the Military (FIPS-140-2) <Click> Read through. <Click> Energy is power integrated over time. Battery life of a device is based on energy used, not power drawn. Therefore, efforts at increasing battery life focus both on reducing power as well as reducing the time for which power is used. Here is where Wi-Fi scores over other common standards. Wi-Fi is present everywhere Realize Internet of Things is to connect to Internet People do not say they do not have Internet but they say they do not have Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi has become synonymous with Internet. Wi-Fi has more scope than cell phone technology every cell phone to 50-100 wi-fi in the future. Volumes are expected to be multiple times the cell phone.. If there are N internet connections, there will be multiple N times wi-fi devices. - Embedded Wi-Fi. 12
Why 802.11n? 802.11n is lower power energy than 802.11b or 802.11b/g Minimal MAC overhead Higher PHY throughput Single-stream 802.11n is same cost at 802.11b Higher throughput at range Aggregation STBC Increases network capacity Mixed mode protection mechanisms waste bandwidth Wi-Fi infrastructure is increasingly 802.11n Energy in mj 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Energy Consumption for 10 MB of Received Data A B C D Location of Client 11g 11n 13 Why 11n? -By the time all these happen, infrastructure will be 11n network - 11 b/g is not capacity optimal - Question today is not why 11n but which 11n? - 1x1, low cost low power embedded devices - 2x2; laptops, netbooks, tablets - 3x3;4x4 high end 11n routers, set top boxes, TVs. 13
The Network Advantage of 802.11n (Unnecessary) Protection Mechanisms take up plenty of air time Just the presence of a 11g node in an 11n network reduces overall network throughput by 30% or more 11n Network Mixed Network 14 A legacy 11a/b/g node would not be able to understand 11n headers that indicate how long the medium is proposed to be active. Therefore in a mixed network, protection mechanisms are used. The most common protection mechanism is RTS/CTS. The on-air captures show the extent of the problem. This results in a overall 30% reduction in throughput. 14
Questions Question 1: What functional procedure, developed by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen, was standardized by NIST after a 5-year process involving 15 competing mechanisms, and is now a core feature of the WPA2 certification from the Wi-Fi Alliance? Answer 1: AES, or the Advanced Encryption Standard Question 2: Which standard in the 802.11 alphabet soup describes the use of a modulation scheme based on Complementary Codes, first introduced by Golay. Answer 2: 802.11b (which describes CCK) 15 15
Applications for Wi-Fi in Embedded Systems Camera, E-readers, Multimedia Players, Vo-WiFi Phone, Wireless Speakers, Set-top-boxes, Gaming Adapters, POS terminals, Gaming Consoles, Projectors, Info Kiosks, Patient Monitoring Headphones, Printer, PC-Input Devices (Mouse, Keyboard, etc) Wireless Sensor Nodes, Industrial Control, Data Acquisition, Home Automation, Thermostats, Smart Meters, Real Time Asset Tracking MANY MORE 16 16
Universal IP Based Connectivity Wi-Fi fits directly into the Network Payload 802.11 TCP 802.11 Frame IP Trailer Wireless Link Wireless Router LAN Microcontroller Serial I/F T C P / I P WLAN M A C BB / R F Payload TCP/IP Stack Server WLAN Subsystem Embedded System 17 In a typical embedded device, there are packets of data that need to be transferred to and from a controller. A legacy way of accomplishing this is by connecting a serial cable between the two. Converting this to wireless has obvious advantages, but for ultimate flexibility an IP based connection is the solution. The controller can now be anywhere on the local network, or even on the internet. Here we have a wireless subsystem, employing Wi-Fi, that takes the payload from the microcontroller in the embedded device and packetizes it into standard TCP/IP. This is then sent via a wireless router to the local network, and in effect creating a virtual point-to-point link between the embedded device and the controller. The IP interface enables standards applications to directly make use of the wireless interface. The Wi-Fi interface therefore is agnostic to the actual application that uses it. 17
Other Wireless Standards The Networking Stack of Zigbee and Bluetooth 18 In contrast, the Zigbee stack is defined specifically all the way to various application layers. Each application uses an Application Object. The characteristics of an application are actually defined in Zigbee as Application Profiles (e.g. lighting controller, lighting device). <Click> And similarly with Bluetooth, which describes profiles for several applications including headsets, printing, file transfer, etc. 18
Integration of Wi-Fi into an Embedded System The benefits of a self-contained module Integrated RF and Antenna Layout considerations taken care of Stable frequency reference included for predictable performance Single power-supply with built-in power management Modular certification for FCC Pre-tested and pre-calibrated for high yield on main system Peripheral Interfaces Memory SPI UART Host Interface MAC BBP AFE RF Transceiver, PA, Front-end WLAN System-on-Chip 3.3V Internal PMU Voltages Frequency Reference WLAN Module 22 x 28 mm 19 There are several ways of adding Wi-Fi functionality to an embedded system. Let s look at the hardware aspect of it. <Click> The most preferred approach is to add on a self-contained module. <Click> There are critical functions that would be most convenient if already included in the module. <Click> The layout of the RF section is particularly important for obtaining optimal performance. It s a great load off the system designer s back if the RF and antenna are already included in the WLAN device. <Click> The wireless transport section, consisting of digital, analog and RF sections, usually requires multiple voltages. Easy integration is greatly aided by having an internal power management unit (PMU) that takes in a single voltage and generates all others that are required internally. <Click> FCC certification is a major effort. Luckily the concept of modular certification comes to the rescue of the system designer. <Click> Lastly, RF circuits often need performance screening or calibration. Having this carried out in advance greatly reduces test effort at the system level. 19
Renesas + Redpine Signals Advantages 1. Ready-made, functional HW & SW Example Demo Redpine Driver UART/SPI 2. Wide range of MCU choices from Renesas Performance Features 3. Choice of Redpine Wi-Fi Products based on application 20 Renesas and Redpine have gotten together to ease the effort of integrating wireless functionality into a system. In the next few slides we ll talk more about what s on offer. 20
Renesas + Redpine Standard Wi-Fi Solutions Low Power 802.11a/b/g/n Wi-Fi for RX/R8C MCU 32-bit CISC Flash MCU Up to 165DMIPS @ 100MHz FPU, Ethernet, USB, CAN SPI 8-bit CISC Flash MCU 20MHz CAN, ADC, Serial, Timers UART 802.11bgn or 802.11 a/b/g/n Plug & Play Serial-to-Wi-Fi module Integrated TCP/IP Stack Module variants available with option of TCP-IP on microprocessor 21 Redpine s WLAN modules offer standard SPI and UART interfaces, interfacing easily with Renesas MCUs. Redpine s modules come in variants with TCP/IP stack carried out in the module itself or carried out in the MCU. There are standard kits that enable easy building of applications. 21
Renesas + Redpine Custom Wi-Fi Solutions High-Performance, Ultra Low Power Wi-Fi module on SH MPU 32-bit RISC Flash MCU Up to 400DMIPS @ 200MHZ 32/64-bit FPU, Ethernet, USB, CAN SDIO RS9110-N-11-02 802.11bgn module RS9110-N-11-03 802.11abgn module 22 Apart from the kit solutions for R8C and RX families, custom solutions are also possible for other MCU families such as SH. 22
Questions Question 3: Name three possible factors that influence performance of a wireless hardware subsystem. Answer 3: Board layout, frequency reference, power supply. Question 4: Which two host interfaces does Redpine use to connect to Renesas MCUs in its standard kit offerings? Answer 4: SPI and UART. 23 23
Software Architecture and Partitioning RS9110-N-11-0x RS9110-N-11-2x M icro co ntroller Operating System 802.1X Supplicant Management Interface SME WLAN Configuration Utility WLAN Host Driver HAL Network Applications TCP/IP Stack Data Interface Network Interface Microcontroller Operating System HTTP FTP Application WLAN Config Utility Socket Interface TCP/IP HAL Other Applications TCP UDP DHCP ARP ICMP SPI UART 21/23/25/26 SDIO/SPI SPI/UART Common Host Interface Module N-Link TM IPSec 802.11 MAC Management Power Save Upper MAC WMM Roaming Encryption/ Decryption Lower MAC BBP/RF MPDU/MSDU Aggregation Auto Rate Connect-io-n TM HTTP FTP TELNET SNMP TCP/IP TCP UDP DHCP ARP ICMP SME WEP/WPA /WPA2 WLAN Power Save Auto Rate 802.1x Supplicant 22/24/26/28 24 Redpine s two broad product families are called n-link and Connect-io-n. The n-link family has the WLAN supplicant functionality carried out on the host processor. Apart from this, the network stack is also resident in the host. In contrast, the Connect-io-n family includes the Supplicant within the module internal processor. And some variants also include the TCP/IP stack. 24
How is Renesas + Redpine Solution Unique? Works on MCUs ranging from 20MHz to 200MHz As small as 2KB of Program Memory Required Support for 802.11 b/g/n & a/b/g/n Low Power (Down to 30mW) & High Performance (Up to 35Mbps) Modules with & without TCP/IP Stack May be used with or without RTOS 25 Read through. 25
Wi-Fi Code Size Vs Throughputs Vs Renesas MCUs 100KB+ 2KB+ >9KB+ Program Memory Requirements W-iFi Up to 100kbps + 8-bit CISC Flash MCU 20MHz CAN, ADC, Serial, Timers + 32-bit CISC Flash MCU Up to 165DMIPS @ 100MHz FPU, Ethernet, USB, CAN + Throughput, System Performance Upto 5-8Mbps + 32-bit RISC Flash MCU Up to 400DMIPS @ 200MHZ 32/64-bit FPU, Ethernet, USB, CAN Up to 35Mbps 26 Read through. 26
Redpine Signals RS9110 - Key Differentiations Metric Chipset Maturity Module Maturity Cost Power Consumption Comment RS9110 : The World s first 1x1 802.11n Low-Power Chip (Taped out in Q4 2007 and Wi-Fi Certified in Jan 2008) Redpine Controls Module Manufacturing FCC, IC, CE certified 802.11n modules with >98% Yield Redpine announced single-stream 802.11n module when nearest competition announced chipsets! Low System Cost due to high silicon integration (integrated CMOS DC-DC, calibrated 32kHz RC oscillator, PA and Balun integrated RF) Current Consumption of RS9110-N-11-02 Modules on single 3.3V input supply <1uA Deep Sleep <1.1mA Connected to AP <8mA VoIP call <15mA @ Low Throughputs (e.g., serial interface with 115K Baud) 140mA Peak Rx throughput of 35Mbps Performance Tx Output Power : 17.5dBm Rx Sensitivity : -97.5dBm (1Mbps), -75.5dBm (54Mbps) Rx Multipath : -68dBm for 10% PER in ETSI-C for 54Mbps: Innovation Support Large Patent Portfolio (8 years of Wi-Fi experience). Multiple patents related to Power-save, OFDM signal processing, Multi-threaded processor architectures 18 US Patents granted, 35 more US patents pending approval Comprehensive support during evaluation, design-in and production Redpine owns the chipsets, modules and software eliminating delays caused due to multiple vendor involvement! Redpine provides turnkey product customizations, software porting and qualification services to key customers 27 Read through. 27
Low-Power Technology in Wi-Fi enbedded Highly Integrated Baseband SoC Integrated Dual-threaded processor Smaller Footprint code => Lesser Power -> ThreadArch Optimized Wi-Fi Supplicant and TCP/IP that runs on Baseband chip => Faster wakeup from shutdown Integrated CMOS DC-DC and 32KHz calibrated RC oscillator Intelligent Power-Management Fast Protocol based Power-save Performance based power-control of individual blocks (e.g., lesser ADC bitwidth/sample-rate in inter-packet) 0.01mW DeepSleep <3mW Standby Associated <20mW for VoIP Call <30mW for Low-throughputs (e.g., 115Kbps SPI/UART) 2KB Driver Footprint (9KB for SPI) 17 US Patents Granted (37 More Pending) ~50% related to Low-Power Silicon Techniques HVT Cells and Memories Power Islanding DVFS 28 Read through 28
Demonstration of Connect-io-n (-24) + R8C25 R8C Peripherals Demo App UART Driver 6 KB Program 1.5 KB RAM Connect-io-n TCP UDP ARP DHCP WEP WPA/ Power IBSS WPA2 Save ipod Touch (R8C + RS9110-24) Connects to Access Point Connect ipod Touch to Access Point Control Light Stack from ipod Touch Access Point 29 Demo. See separate demo notes. 29
Summary Through this presentation, we (hopefully) understood: The key concepts in integrating Wi-Fi into Embedded Systems Why 802.11n is the choice of wireless connectivity in current and future designs What Redpine and Renesas product combinations are available for wireless applications, and how they are made available to embedded device developers. 30 Review takeaways. 30
Questions? 31 31
Innovation Wi-Fi for Smart Energy High-Energy Applicances In-home Display And Control Circuit Breaker Water Meter Energy Meter Also an AP/ Gateway 32 There are multiple ways to attack the growing problem of energy consumption a problem that itself id manifested in multiple ways. For one, providing energy to an end application is a proposition that is limited in its capacity for economical growth; and for another, the origin or form of the energy used has varying impact on the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. One kind of solution is to seek carbon friendly energy that is obtained without burning fossil fuels. The other solution is to make use of energy more efficiently. Here we see how we can monitor and regulate household consumption of electricity. <Click> This model uses Wi-Fi as the key communication link between energy sinks, sources, and controllers. <Click> The Energy Meter acts as a communication gateway to the utility. Since it is equipped with external access, it also doubles as a wireless access point, with all applicable equipment in the home connecting to it. <Click> This includes the readings from water or gas meters. <Click> The Circuit Breaker is also wirelessly controlled and may be use to turn off high current appliances when energy on the grid comes at a premium. <Click> Each high-energy appliance can also be controlled individually. <Click> The home s energy consumption information is made available on a handy display, which also doubles as a control unit to set usage policies. 32
Thank You! 33 33
34