Creating A Web Page Computer Concepts I and II Sue Norris
Agenda What is HTML HTML and XHTML Tags Required HTML and XHTML Tags Using Notepad to Create a Simple Web Page Viewing Your Web Page in a Browser Submitting Your Project
HTML XHTML Required HTML Tags XHTML Requirements Paragraph Tag Lists XHTML Addition XHTML Validation Creating a Web Page with Notepad Page Background Color Header Tags DOCTYPE Statement Viewing HTML Source Tables Formatting Tags Anchor Tag for Links Further HTML Training Further XHTML Training Transfer Files to Web Server
Hyper Text Markup Language Every Web Page is Formatted with HTML markup tags HTML Markup tags Tell a Browser How to Display a Web Page A Web Page ALWAYS has a File Extension of htm or html The Browser (ie( Internet Explorer, Netscape, Firefox) ) Reads the HTML tags Sequentially From Top to Bottom and Formats the Page Based On What the Tags Say
XHTML Extensible HyperTextext Markup Language Almost Identical to HTML 4.01 Stricter and Cleaner Version of HTML
What Do HTML Tags Look Like? HTML Tags Look Like: <p> </p> <b> </b> <ul> > </ul ul> <li> > </li li> paragraph tag bold tag unordered list tag list item tag What is Common About HTML Tags? Starting and Ending Tags Data Between the Tags will be Formatted According to the Tag The Starting Tag Starts the Type of Format; the Ending Tag Stops the Type of Format
Required HTML Tags The Following HTML Tags are Required/Recommended for Every We Pages <html> <head> <title>my First Web Page</title> </head> <body> </body> </html> Every Web Page Starts with the <html> tag The Starting <head> tag always follows the <html> tag The title tags encompass the title of your page The Ending </head> tag always follows the ending </title> tag Starting body tag Everything that appears on a web page goes between the <body> and </body> tags Ending body tag Ends every web page
XHTML Additional Requirements All HTML Tags and Tag Elements Must be in lower-case Every HTML Tag Must have a Starting Tag AND an Ending Tag HTML Tags Must be Properly Nested HTML Tag Attributes Must be in Quotes The Id attribute replaces the Name Attribute The DOCTYPE Declaration Should be the First Line in a XHTML Document
Starting a Simple Web Page Open Notepad Click Start Button, Click on All Programs, Click on Accessories, Click on Notepad
Notepad Opens Save Your Web Page Click File on the Menu Bar, Click Save, Choose Desktop for Save in, type in Example1.htm in File Name and Click Save NOTE: We are Saving to the Desktop to Make This Easy; You Would Normally Save to a Folder of Choice
Type the Following HTML Tags into your Example1.htm document. Type in the Tags Exactly as You See Them Above To Comply with XHTML coding standards: ALL xhtml tags MUST be in lower case ALL tags MUST have a starting tag and an ending tag Save Your Web Page Click File on the Menu Bar, Click Save Minimize the Notepad Window; We Will Come Back to It
Go to your Desktop You Should See the Example1.htm ICON on your Desktop, Similar to that Below If you Don t, Go Back to Slide 6 and Start Over Double-Click on the Example1.htm ICON
View Your Lovely Work Your Browser Window Should Open with Your Web Page Loaded in It. It if Doesn t, Go Back to Slide 7 and Make Sure You Saved Your Page Correctly
Add Formatting to Text Maximize Your Notepad Window Change Your HTML Code To Add the Bold Tag or Other Text Formatting Tag, and So It Looks Similar to the Following NOTE: The Yellow Background is Only to Highlight the Inserted Tag When Done, Save Your Web Page and Minimize the Notepad Window
Go to your Desktop Double-Click on the Example1.html ICON
View Your Work If You Did Everything Correctly, Your Web Page Should Look Similar to the Following and My First should be in Bold:
Continuing With Your Web Page Create Two Paragraphs with the Paragraph Tag Edit Your Example1.htm file in Notepad to add the two Paragraph Tags that you See Below. Also add the <u></u> and <i></i> tags for Underline and Italics formatting. XHTML RULE: Tags MUST BE Properly Nested. If formatting Starts with <i><u>, the Order of the Ending Tags Must Be: </u></i>. Save Your File and Minimize the Notepad Window
View Your Page Go to Your Desktop and Double-Click the Example1.htm ICON. Your Webpage Should Look Similar to That Shown in the Image Below. If it Doesn t t Go Back to Slide 14 and Make Corrections
Add a Background Color A Webpage Background Color is Added with the bgcolor parameter of the Body Tag Colors are Entered as 6 character hexadecimal numbers Code Must Start with # and be enclosed in Pick a Color and Code From the Color Chart in the Creating Web Pages Webpage and Modify Your Example1.htm page s s Body Tag as Below Save Your File and Minimize Your Notepad Window
View Your Web Page Go to Your Desktop and Double-Click the Example1.htm ICON. Your Webpage Should Look Similar to That Shown in the Image Below. If it Doesn t t Go Back to Slide 16 and Make Corrections
Add a Link Links Are Created with the Anchor Tag: <a></a> A Link to the Microsoft web site would look like: <a href= http://www.microsoft.com http://www.microsoft.com/ >Click here</a> to go to the Microsoft Site. This Represents a Link to an External Web Site The Information Between the s is the Address of the Linked to Page The Information in Yellow and Between the > and </a> is What Appears on the Web Page for the User to Click A Link to Another Page Within the Same Web Site Might Look Like: <a href= computers.htm computers.htm >Computers Page</a> Name of Page is computers.htm No Path is Specified if page is within the same folder as calling Web Page Computers Page is What Will Display on Calling Page for User to Click
Try It Maximize Your Notepad Window with Example1.htm Open in It Edit your HTML Code So That It Looks as Pictured Below. Save Your File and Minimize the Notepad Window
View Your Web Page Go to Your Desktop and Double-Click the Example1.htm ICON. Your Webpage Should Look Similar to That Shown in the Image Below. Try Your Link. Does It Go to the Microsoft Site? If it Doesn t t Go Back to Slide 18, Make Corrections, and Try Again
Creating A List Ordered Lists (numbered) are Created with the OL and LI tags Example of Two Item Unordered List <p>rivers</p> <ul> <li>mississippi</ >Mississippi</li> <li>missouri</ >Missouri</li> </ul ul> Unordered Lists (bulleted) are Created with the UL and LI tags Example of Two Item Ordered List <p>rivers</p> <ol> <li>mississippi</ >Mississippi</li> <li>missouri</ >Missouri</li> </ol ol>
Try It Maximize Your Example1.htm Notepad Window and Edit Your HTML Source Code so That it Looks as Below. Save Your File and Minimize Your Notepad Window
View Your Page Go to Your Desktop and Double-Click the Example1.htm ICON. Your Webpage Should Look Similar to That Shown in the Image Below. Do your Lists Look Similar? If They Don t t Go Back to Slide 22, Make Corrections, and Try Again
Adding a Header Tag Header Tags are Used to Emphasize Web Page Sections and Subsections in an Outline Fashion Header Tags Range From H1 to H6 with H1 Being the Largest and H6 the Smallest Examples: <h1>main Section</h1> <h2>sub-section</h2> <h3>sub-sub sub-section</h3> section</h3>
Try It Maximize your Example1.htm Notepad Window Edit Your HTML Code To Look as Below Save Your File and Minimize the Window
View Your Work Go to Your Desktop and Double-Click the Example1.htm ICON. Your Webpage Should Look Similar to That Shown in the Image Below. Do You Notice the Heading Difference? If it Doesn t t Go Back to Slide 25, Make Corrections, and Try Again
Tables Tables are Created with the following tags: Table TR for table Rows TD for Table Cells In the Example to the Right, a 3 Row, 3 Column Table is Created The Table is 500 pixels wide The Table has a border that is 1 pixel wide. Note: The Information Between the <td> & </td> is Just Padding; You Can Have Anything You Like Open Your Example1.htm file and add the tags for a table. Put whatever data you want into the Cells. Save Your File. See the W3Schools Tutorial Site for Additional Information on Creating Tables
View Your Table Double-click on the Desktop ICON for Example1.htm to View Your Work It Should Look Similar to the Following If It Doesn t, Go Back and Review Your Tags
Further HTML Training Continue Training at the W3Schools HTML Tutorial Site: http://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp
XHTML Finishing Touches DOCTYPE Statement Required First Statement in XHTML Source Code Three Document Type Definitions (DTD) Supported Strict Transitional Frames Transitional is Most Common Fine for This Class If Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are Used, Strict DTD Should be Used <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD" XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/tr/xhtml1/dtd/xhtml1- transitional.dtd">
Add DOCTYPE Statement Open Your Example1.htm Notepad Window and Edit Your HTML Code so That it Looks as Below Save Your Page, Minimize the Window, then Check Your Web Page to Make Sure it Opens
Further XHTML Training Continue Your XHTML Training at: http://www.w3schools.com/xhtml/default.asp Tutorials From Introduction to Validation are Required
XHTML Validation Validate HTML Source Code Verifies If Source Code Conforms to XHTML Standards Pinpoints Errors Offers Recommendations Several Web Sites Available Try: http://validator.aborla. net/ See Web Page Notes for Further Information
Viewing the HTML Source Code of a Web Page The HTML Code of any Web Page Can Easily be Viewed in a Browser In IE, click View on the Menu Bar and Select Source In Mozilla Firefox,, click View on the Menu Bar and Select Page Source
Transfer Files to Web Server Use a FTP Program To Transfer Student Web Pages and Files to the Web Server IE FTP Client WS_FTPLE Fetch Most Assignments Also Need to be Posted to the Assignment Dropbox in WebCT Make Sure Your Page Has All Requirements Make Sure Your Link Works That Wasn t t So Hard, Was It
Summary What is HTML HTML Tags Required HTML Tags Creating a Web Page in Notepad Viewing a Web Page in the Browser Submitting Your Web Page