hapter 9 & 12: Wired LAN Abdullah Konak School of Information Sciences and Technology Penn State Berks LAN Applications and Models LANs P LANs (Office/Home Networks) High Speed Office Networks Backend & Storage Area Networks Backbone LAN Factory LAN Distributed Systems Peer-to-Peer Model lient/server Model 2 1
P LANs: lient/server Model with single server 3 P LANs: lient/server Model with multiple servers 4 2
P LANs: Peer-to-Peer Model Example: Workgroup, file sharing systems 5 Backend and Storage Area Networks (SANs) Backend networks are used to interconnect large systems such as mainframes, supercomputers, and mass storage devices. Used by large corporations/organizations and research institutions. Network Attached Storage (NAS) Disk array IBM AS/400 Server Mainframe SAN Network Attached Storage (NAS) Mainframe Disk array IBM AS/400 Server Server-based Storage Server 6 3
Factory LANs 7 Backbone LANs Logical star backbone Fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) Router-based logical bus backbone 8 4
Distributed Systems Web Farms Parallel omputing Work Station 1 Work Station 3 Work Station 3 Application Part 1 Application Part 2 Application Part 3 Application (3 Days) 9 LAN Technologies LAN Technologies (IEEE 802 Standards) Ethernet (802.3) Token Bus (802.4) Token Ring (802.5) Wireless LAN (802.11) 10 5
LAN Topologies LAN Topologies Bus Physical Star/ Logical Bus Physical Star/ Logical Star Ring 11 Bus Topology A (1) A transmits a frame addressed to B (4) observers the address and copies the frame as it goes by. Tab Terminator (2) The frame is transmitted to every directions on the medium Data Flow (3) B observers the address and ignores it. (5) Terminators at each end of the bus kill the signals 12 6
T onnectors 13 Physical Star, Logical Bus Hub (2) The hub retransmits the frame on all of the outgoing links A B (1) A transmits a frame addressed to (3) B ignores and kills the frame. (3) copies the frame to its memory before killing it. 14 7
Physical Star, Logical Star Switch (2) The switch retransmits the frame only on the outgoing link to the destination station A B (1) A transmits a frame addressed to (3) copies the frame before killing it. 15 Ring Topology (1) A transmits a frame addressed to. The frame is forwarded to the next repeater on the ring. A (4) A absorbs the returning frame and kills it. Data Flow (3) observers the address and copies the frame as it goes by. Repeater B (2) The frame is not addressed B. B forwards the frame to the next repeater on the loop 16 8
Ethernet Technology Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Traditional (ommon) Ethernet (10 Mbps) Fast Ethernet (100Mbps Physical Star with A Hub/Switch) Gigabit Ethernet (1000Mbps Physical Star with A Switch-Full Duplex) 10BASE5 (Tick Ethernet) 10BASE2 (Thin Ethernet) oax Physical Bus Topology 10BASE-T (UTP) 10BASE-FL (Fiber Optic) Use Physical Star Topology with a Hub 100BASE-TX (UTP or STP)) 100BASE-FX (Fiber Optic) Use 2 pair or cables 100BASE-T4 Use 4 pair low quality cable (at3) 1000BASE-SX 1000BASE-SX Fiber Optic 1000BASE-T4 1000BASE-T Use 4 pair of UTP AT5 17 Ethernet Frame 18 9
10BASE5 Thick / Expensive oax cable. Maximum 500 meters cable length. 10 Mbps (shared by all stations) and halfduplex. Maximum 100 stations. Manchester encoding. 19 10BASE2 entral connection device. Thin/heap oax cable. Maximum 185 meters cable length. 10 Mbps (shared by all stations) and halfduplex. Maximum 30 stations. Manchester encoding. 20 10
Repeater A repeater is a layer 1 device connecting segments of a LAN together. A repeater forwards every packet; it has no filtering capability. 21 Bridges (wired) A bride is a layer 2 device that provides a means of interconnecting two similar LANs with filtering capability. 22 11
10BASE-T Use a hub UTP at3 or at 5 Maximum 100 meters from the station to the Hub 10 Mbps and half-duplex 23 10BASE-FL Use a hub Optical Fiber Maximum 2km from a station to a hub 10 Mbps and half-duplex Typically a maximum of 33 stations 24 12
Hubs A hub is a multiport repeater Active hub Passive hub How hubs work? 1. The network interface card (NI) sends a frame. 2. The NI loops the sent frame onto its receive pair. 3. The hub receives the frame. 4. The hub sends the frame across an internal bus so that all other NIs can receive the electrical signal. 5. The hub repeats the signal to each receive pair to all other devices. 25 onnecting Hubs Uplink 26 13
100BASE-TX (Fast Ethernet) 2 pair, STP or 2 pair UTP at 5 Maximum 100 meters cable length from a station to a hub. 100 Mbps (shared by all stations). Maximum? stations. No SMA/D is needed when a switch is used in full-duplex mode. MTL-3 signaling Half-duplex or Full-duplex 100% compatible with Traditional Ethernet or Switch 27 100BASE-FX (Fast Ethernet) 2 optical fiber Maximum 412 meters optical fiber cable in length 100 Mbps (not shared by all stations). Maximum? stations. No SMA/D is needed. 28 14
Layer 2 Switches Incoming frame from a particular station is switched to the appropriate output line only to be delivered to intended destination. Advantages: Hardware based (Uses the MA address from the host s NI card), Not software devices Fast and efficiency Increases the bandwidth for each user Increased security Limitations: Does not break up broadcast domains Make sure users spend 80% of time on the local segment 29 Layer 2 Switch Address Learning P:0200.2222.2222 1 2 3 4 5 DMA: FFFF.FFFF.FFFF SMA: 0200.1111.1111 6 DMA: 0200.1111.1111 SMA: 0200.3333.3333 WWW:0200.3333.3333 DNS:0200.1111.1111 E01 E02 E03 ARP (DNS) 0200.2222.2222 E01 DMA:FFFF.FFFF.FFF SMA: 0200.222.2222 ARP 0200.2222.2222 E01 DMA:0200.2222.2222 0200.1111.1111 E03 SMA: 0200.1111.1111 ARP Request DMA: 0200.1111.1111 SMA: 0200.2222.2222 ARP DMA: 0200.2222.2222 SMA: 0200.1111.1111 ARP (web) 0200.2222.2222 E01 0200.1111.1111 E03 0200.3333.3333 E02 30 15
Ethernet A 7 8 9101112 123456 7x 1x 8x 2x 9x 3x A 10x 4x 11x 5x 12x 6x 7x 1x 8x 2x 9x 3x B 10x 4x 11x 5x 12x 6x HS1HS2 OK1OK2 PS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 OL- AT- STA- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 OL- AT- STA- Ethernet A 7 8 9101112 123456 7x 1x 8x 2x 9x 3x A ONSOLE 10x 4x 11x 5x 12x 6x 7x 1x 8x 2x 9x 3x B 10x 4x 11x 5x 12x 6x HS1HS2 OK1OK2 PS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 OL- AT- STA- Ethernet A 7 8 9 1 01 11 2 1234 56 7x 1x 8x 2x 9x 3x A 10x 4x 11x 5x 12x 6x 7x 1x 8x 2x 9x 3x ONSOLE B 10x 4x 11x 5x 12x 6x HS1HS2 OK1OK2 PS ONSOLE Gigabit Ethernet A switched network in full-duplex mode 1000BASE-T uses 4 pairs of UTP AT 5e Still work-in-process 31 Today s Typical orporate Network 32 16