Secure Border Initiative Presentation to Homeland Security Science and Technology Summit Mark S. Borkowski Executive Director, Secure Border Initiative February 10, 2010
Border Control Model (Initial Focus: Between POEs) Color-coded border control levels are generated by CBP s ORBBP process and do not directly account for ICE and USCG efforts on the border. Status as of end of FY 2008 2
Border Control Depends on effective integration of three pillars Personnel Tactical Infrastructure Technology Requires Knowledge (situational awareness) Ability to act on knowledge Secure Border Initiative programs contribute to Border Control Technology & Tactical Infrastructure Knowledge and enhanced ability to respond 3
SBI Desired Operational Capabilities Mission Element Capability Detect/Track Track Objects Manage Assets Monitor/Survey Manage Traffic Find Anomalies Predict IoI Track Identify/Classify Recognize IoI Characteristics Analyze IoI Characteristics IoI: Item of Interest 4
SBI Desired Operational Capabilities Mission Element Respond Resolve Predict Deter Other Capability Plan Response Restrain IoI (Non-lethal) Manage Detainees Correlate Data/Case Files Process IoI Analyze Trends Exploit Information Analyze Risk Project Enforcement Assets Communicate Securely IoI: Item of Interest 5
SBI Technology SBInet Block 1 First generation SBInet Wide area, persistent surveillance Fixed towers, networked to cover an Area of Responsibility (AOR) Designed for Arizona as a start Currently undergoing initial deployment to 2 AoRs SBInet Block 2+ Opportunity for enhancement or added capability To be defined after experience with Block 1 Spiral development Stand-alone technologies ( commodities ) Remote Video Surveillance Systems (RVSS) Mobile Surveillance Systems (MSS) And others Tactical Communications (P-25) Other demonstrations and developments 6
SBInet Deployment Approach Baseline Plan: Prepare to cover entire border with appropriate SBInet Block $8 billion across the Southwest Border Apply stand-alone technologies, as appropriate Provide capability until SBInet Block deployment Meet unique, localized requirements Lineback SBInet Block deployments Substitute for SBInet Block deployment where more cost-effective Review and adapt baseline plan, if required Incremental decision-making Continued development of other technology options 7
2 1 Electro-Optical and Infrared Sensor Package 5 Unattended Ground Sensor (UGS) Receivers 7 Shelter ARSS-1 Long Range Ground Surveillance Radar 3 SSCU - Sensor Signal Conditioning Unit 4 Microwave 8 Power System SBInet Block 1 Sensor Tower 6 Tower 8
Common Operating Picture (COP) SBInet command and control support system Links sensors and towers within an area of operations (AOR) Creates tracks and cues cameras Provides user interface 9
Tucson 1 (TUS-1) Discrete portion of Tucson Sector in Sasabe & Arivaca Arizona region Buenos Aires National Wildlife Coronado National Forest Capabilities provided 23 miles of border coverage Wide-area persistent surveillance End Item Configuration 9 Sensor Towers 8 Communication Towers 1 Command, & Control facility modification 200 Unattended Ground Sensors N TUS-1 Laydown 10
Mobile Surveillance System (MSS) Day and night cameras Ground surveillance radar Laser illuminator Data displays Command and control links 40 MSSs currently deployed to the Southwest Border 3 MSSs currently deployed on the Northern Border Provide immediate capability, fill gaps, and back-up SBInet Block 1 11
Northern Border Project Increment 1 St. Clair River 11 RVSS Sites 1 MSS St. Lawrence River 1 MSS MSS: Mobile Surveillance System RVSS: Remote Video Surveillance System CASC: Customs Area Security Center Niagara River 5 RVSS Sites Northern Lake Champlain 1 MSS CASC Upgrade 12
Northern Border Increment 2 Operational Integration Center Situational Awareness RVSS Sensor Feeds MSS Sensor Feeds Air Platform Sensor Feeds UAS Proof of Principle Sensor Feeds Automatic Identification System (AIS) WatchKeeper Segment 2 [USCG] AMOC Feeds Blue Force Tracking Law Enforcement Data Bases CBP (e.g., TECS, Enforce, ATS, etc.) USCG (e.g., WatchKeeper Segment 1) State/Local Canadian (Federal/Provincial) Communications P-25 Portable Radios Satellite Encrypted Communications Homeland Security Data Network Marina Kiosks Modernization ICT IBET-State & Local-FBI-ICE OFO-OBP-A&M-OIOC-USCG-RCMP Intelligence National Sensors (as available) Video Exploitation Intel Coordination Team (ICT) Analytical Framework for Intelligence Tools Law Enforcement Technical Collection 13
Pilots Opportunities to Investigate Technology Solutions Many technology opportunities for CBP Pilot candidate technologies based on operational priorities First candidates reflected in recent Request for Information (RFI) Tunnel Detection Voice Stress Indicator Border Monitoring Low-Flying Aircraft Contraband Detection System Activity Detection SBI focus on mature capabilities Partnership with S&T for less mature opportunities 14
Exemplar SBInet Technology Interests (Subset of More Complete List In Development) Application Maturity North- South, Land-Sea TRL N-S/B, L RADARS - Low MDV 1-3 N-S/B, L&S RADARs - signal processing (lower Pfa, raise Pd) 7-8 N-S/B, L Radar, Millimeter Wave 5-7 N-S/B, L Tripwire - Fiber Optic 5-7 N-S/B, L Tripwire LADAR 4-6 N-S/B, L Tripwire - Solar Blind 3-6 N-S/B, L UGSs & Fence Sensors - Enhanced UGS Classification 5-7 N-S/B, L Vehicle Identification License Plate Reader 5-6 N-S/B, L Vehicle ID - RFID For Unregulated Border Crossings 5-7 N-S/B, S Buoy and Channel Marker Sensors 5-7 N-S/B, L Laser Radar For Foliage Penetration 3-5 N-S/B,L&S EO/IR Processing Camera control automation techniques 5-7 N-S/B, L Radio Freq. Tag For Custom Cards 5-7 15
S&T Support to SBInet Mobile Surveillance System (MSS) Improvements Reduce radar clutter Improve video tracking Possible extension to SBInet Block 1 Test beds Southwest Border (BorderNet) Northeast Test Bed (NET-B) Subject Matter Expert Support to SBI Pilots and Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS) Federal Coordinating Committee advising DHS/S&T National Center for Border Security and Immigration SBI representation 16
Testbeds Overview Purpose: Demonstrate technology in an operationally relevant environment (TRL 7) Identify new concepts of operations Identify new requirements Current DHS S&T Borders and Maritime Testbeds Port Security Testbed (Los Angeles, Long Beach) Sensor/data fusion tools, combined decision support technology, and sensor technology Long Island Sound Testbed Port and Coastal Radar Testbed Radars and potentially other sensors Northern East Border Testbed (NET-B) BorderNet (Douglas, AZ) 17
Terrain NET-B Background / Problem Some Challenges of the Northern Border Wide-ranging environment from mountainous to plains to heavy forests Marine environment (lakes, rivers) Climate Foliage Population density Rural - low Urban - heavy Limited access / remote areas Lack of road infrastructure Long response times Operational concept Number of Agents 18
Cautionary Note SBInet is opening its aperture to consider a wide variety of technology options Tempting to look for highest-performing, highestcapability systems That s dangerous! Desire for enhancement without link to requirements has contributed to SBInet management challenges We need cost-effective capabilities And life cycle cost is often more important than performance 19
Closing SBI includes a strong technology program Focus has been, and still is, development and deployment of SBInet Block 1 Increasing interest in a diverse menu of options Tailor to local needs Augment or substitute for SBInet Blocks, if appropriate Linking needed operational capabilities, existing technology, and potential for advanced technology DHS S&T has provided testbeds and other support SBI and DHS S&T are strengthening their interaction Don t forget cost as a driver! 20