Introduction to new ABB STATCOM portfolio Power Grid Integration FACTS

INNOVATION DAY AT CERN, MAY 10 TH 2017 Introduction to new ABB STATCOM portfolio Power Grid Integration FACTS Bjoern Oedegard, Principal Engineer System & Power Electronics

FACTS Flexible AC Transmission System What is FACTS? Optimized for the point of location! A FACTS installation is supporting or coditioning the transmission voltage in a specific location of the grid A FACTS installation is a part of the system, not a product! Studies and simulations are always required! The specification must be functional! The network requirements determines what technology and topology to use! Optimization is the privilege of the supplier, e.g: No. and sizes of SVC branches and filters Number of STATCOM VSC units Series Compensator MOV rating May 9, 2017 Slide 2

FACTS Advantages with FACTS Boost of transmission capacity Improved long distance power transfer Fast relief of transmission bottlenecks Power quality improvements Load flow control Improved dynamic stability of grids Minimizing blackout risks Facilitated integration of renewables Improved supply to railway systems Taking environmental responsibility Reducing CO 2 Lower losses Increasing revenues Securing production Lower maintenance costs Being grid code compliant Availability Reliability Cost and time effective option May 9, 2017 Slide 3

Shunt or Series Compensation X V 1 /d 12 1 V 2 /d 2 P V 1 P = d X V 12 2 d sin ( 1 2 ) Shunt compensation Series compensation Slide 4

Shunt compensation Pulsating load 400 kv 5000 Load RMS current 90 MVA 4500 4000 18 kv 3500 3000 [A] 2500 2000 1500 1000 Pulsating Load 500 0 0 5 10 15 Time [s] May 9, 2017 Slide 5

Shunt compensation SVC for voltage support of a large pulsating load 5000 Load RMS current 4500 4000 3500 3000 [A] 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 5 10 15 Time [s] May 9, 2017 Slide 6

Shunt compensation SVC for voltage support of a large pulsating load 5000 Load RMS current 4500 4000 3500 3000 [A] 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 5 10 15 Time [s] May 9, 2017 Slide 7

FACTS Offering Series Compensation SVC SVC Light PCS6000 Service Fixed Series Capacitors SVC for Utility: STATCOM SVC Light (up to /360 MVAr): STATCOM PCS6000 (up to / 32 MVAr): Upgrades & Service Cost effective solution to increase power transfer capability in transmission lines Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitors Series Compensation option if SSR and POD problems exist Improved Voltage stability, facilitated integration of renewables Load balancing SVC for Industry: Flicker mitigation Increased productivity by power factor improvement Improved Power Quality Improved Voltage stability, facilitated renewable integration Load balancing Possible to connect in weak grids SVC Light for Industry: High performance flicker mitigation, effective even for the weakest feeding grids Increased productivity by power factor improvements Improved Voltage stability, facilitated integration of renewables Load balancing Increased productivity by power factor improvement Frequency converters for industry and railways Updates of industry and utility FACTS installations Maintenance agreements. 24/7 support, remote service Spares May 9, 2017 Slide 9

SVC, STATCOM and HYBRID What technology and topology to use? SVC OR STATCOM OR HYBRID TCR Harmonic Filters VSC TSR VSC TSC From a grid perspective, all solutions are doing the same job. The network requirements determines what solution to use! Studies are required! Selection of technology is a part of supplier s optimization process! May 9, 2017 Slide 10

SVC, STATCOM and HYBRID What technology and topology to use? U AC 1.0 pu SVC SVC Light STATCOM Capacitive I max I max Inductive May 9, 2017 Slide 11

STATCOM Technology Update Reactive power compensation Capacitive operation The current is phaseshifted, leading, compared to the voltage. I cap VSC Inductive operation The current is phaseshifted, lagging, compared to the voltage. I ind May 9, 2017 Slide 12

STATCOM Technology Update Converter Topologies 2 and 3level converter topologies (single phase) Multilevel chainlink converter topology V1 V3 Udc Udc U dc Udc Udc Udc Udc Udc V2 V4 Udc Udc Udc Udc Udc May 9, 2017 Slide 13

STATCOM Technology Update Why Multilevel Harmonics and Power Quality Operating principle Output voltage 2 cells U dc U dc 20 cells May 9, 2017 Slide 14

Technology Update STATCOM Overview of ABB STATCOM portfolio Statcom PCS6000 New ABB STATCOM SVC Light ABB experience in high power STATCOM in 1997 Very high power density for the category (1540 MVA) MMC technology low harmonic generation Very high power handling capabilities ABB STATCOM using proven technology Different platforms for maximizing the different customer values Hybrid systems: the most out of ABB experience and technology Proven IGCT technology Containerized solution High negative sequence handling capability References in many applications Introduced: 1999 Newly enhanced IGCT Best in class losses! Configurable module Easy installation and commissioning Premium service concept Release during 2016 High availability (IGBT PressPak) and low losses Configurable module Based on proven HVDC design, including control and protection Introduced: 1997, new MMC version in 2014 Complete STATCOM portfolio up to 360 MVAr May 9, 2017 Slide 15

Technology Update STATCOM How to decide which STATCOM solution to choose Compensation size ±2 15 MVA ±15 40 MVA ±40 120 MVA ±75 360 MVA Platform PCS100 PCS6000 SVC Light (IGCT) SVC Light (IGBT) MMC technology small filters General industry requirements Flicker reduction capability (EAF) NEW Renewable integrator requirements Coming soon Utility low redundancy Utility high redundancy Coming soon Hybrid concept capability Coming soon Container delivery Coming soon Suitable for >100 MVA single block May 9, 2017 Slide 16

Technology Update STATCOM About the building blocks Power electronics (valves) IGCT Technology PCS6000; 3level NPC PCS6000 The IGCT 3level NPC valve module; up to ~ 40 MVAr May 9, 2017 Slide 18

Technology Update STATCOM About the building blocks Power electronics (valves) IGBT Technology The IGBT MMC valve module SVC Light The IGBT MMC valve module; from ~75 up to ~ 360 (400) MVA A continuation of the SVC Light ; 3level NPC May 9, 2017 Slide 20

Technology Update STATCOM About the building blocks Power electronics (valves) Us,a Ia Us,ab Iab Ic j X Ib I0 Ica Ibc Very similar concept as for present SVC Light, but with a different valve module (IGBT vs IGCT based) New ABB SVC Light IGCT MMC valve module from ~ 40 up to ~120 MVA per block May 9, 2017 Slide 22

Failure Behavior Loss of Cell behavior Cell bypass after loss of Cell IGBT Cell reliable bypass mechanism has to avoid overcharging of the capacitor: semiconductor with module housing (state of the art for IGBT) has to be shorted at the AC terminals. diodes in a press pack device will contribute to the short circuit path. Shorting the capacitor with a thyristor is sufficient! IGCT Cell THY May 16, 2017 Slide 23

Failure Behavior Loss of Cell behavior Turnon bypass thyristor S5 Discharge cell capacitor Sustained bypass operation S1_D S3_D AC1 AC2 S5 S2_D S4_D Preferred protection action after all kind of failures Bypass thyristor S5 fails into shortcircuit condition caused by capacitor discharge current Bypass operation after failure when freewheeling diodes divert AC current into shorted bypass thyristor May 9, 2017 Slide 24

Failure Behavior Loss of Cell behavior measurement results Cell voltage & thyristor current Force one cell to overvoltage Thyristor firing at 6kV 150kA thyristor current. 3ph & dcvoltages Voltage dip due to short of one cell cell voltage Thyristor current May 16, 2017 Slide 25